Sports hall above another hall. Hygienic requirements for the physical culture and sports area of educational institutions and sports halls. Reference manual for SNiP
A sports hall is a building or part of a building equipped in a certain way, the purpose of which is educational and sports work and competitions. Gym design must take into account many factors.
Types of gyms
The purpose of the hall depends on its size, shape, design features. Usually there are two types of gyms: specialized and universal. The purpose of a specialized gym is a specific type of activity. The most common type of gym is a gym with equipment designed for exercise. gymnastics and a games room with basketball and volleyball courts. Universal sports halls allow you to simultaneously or alternately engage in several sports. Universal halls usually come in three types: large, medium and small. The area of a rectangular sports hall is calculated based on the specific values of the length and width of the hall. The length of the large gym is 42 m, the middle one is 36 m, the small one is 30 m, respectively, the width of the large gym is 24 m, the middle and small one is 18 m.
The area of a conventional gym is calculated as follows: from 5-6 m² is allocated per person, for an aerobic hall - 2 m² for each student. Toilets, showers, reception desks, staff quarters are taken into account. Usually the minimum dimensions sports club lie in the range from 140 to 250 m², it all depends on the number of potential visitors and the number of simulators. The optimal area is considered to be about 200 m² - on such an area you can safely place the most popular simulators. Too small size will require the exclusion of some simulators, so you will have to think more carefully about the equipment of the hall. You can think over the specialization of the hall - decide on the contingent of visitors. Usually for one power simulator consumed from 5 m² (and preferably 7 m²), for a cardio machine - from 9 m² (ellipsoid, treadmill). For a compact cardio machine - about 4 m² (exercise bike, stepper). The size of any fitness areas can be larger if there is free space.
Good ventilation plays a huge role in any size gym. It is important to avoid stagnation of air to create comfortable conditions for those involved. Stale air, a draft, a stuffy room can cause discomfort and deterioration of well-being. Exhaust air saturated with carbon dioxide must be removed, clean air must be supplied to the room, and drafts must be avoided.
School gyms
School physical education lessons are no less important than any other subjects. The vast majority of school subjects develop mental abilities. Physical education allows you to develop the body and spirit. The child needs movement - this is a biological feature of a growing organism that allows it to form and develop normally. School gyms are universal due to the variety of forms and content. practical exercises on lessons. In addition to physical culture and health-improving classes and training, a universal sports hall can accommodate local competitions, public events, and dances.
There are regulations that are spelled out in a special document on sanitary and hygienic requirements - they must be taken into account when equipping a gym. Unfortunately, in Russia, many educational institutions do not comply with these regulations, which endangers the health and safety of students.
The best location for a gym is on the first floor, where there should also be a separate block with access to an outdoor sports area. The following structure of the gym has been adopted: two showers and changing rooms, two toilets, a room for equipment, for a teacher. After changing clothes, students should immediately get to class, without interfering with strangers.
Rent of sports halls in St. Petersburg
All hallsThe dimensions of sports halls are standardized in a certain way to ensure the most effective training process and maintain a certain physical and chemical state of the air. The size of the gym and their number depend on the number of students. If the number of classes in the school varies from 8 to 20, the area of the sports hall should be 162 m². In the presence of 20-30 classes - 288 m², from 40 classes - two halls (144 and 288 m²). If the school has 50 classes, the area of the large gym should be 450 m², the small gym should be 144 m². As a rule, the appointments of small gyms are classes with primary school students.
Sports halls of sufficient size provide an optimal area for training, the necessary amount of air and safety of training. Therefore, it is important to take into account the number of students in the hall: the figure is calculated as follows: from 4 m² of room area and from 18-20 m³ of hall volume for each student. You can calculate the optimal height for the gym based on the overall dimensions of the space, its value should be from 4.8-6 m.
The hall must be well ventilated. If it is not enough, and the dimensions of the hall are small, then the content of carbon dioxide in the air will greatly exceed the norm, the content of dust and microbes will increase. For air exchange, it is necessary to ventilate the room between lessons.
Ideally, the windows in the gym are located on both sides for good lighting and cross-ventilation. Can combine artificial and natural lighting. Window panes are usually covered with nets or bars to ensure the safety of students.
Optimal air-thermal regime: humidity 30-50%, air movement 0.06-0.25 m/s, temperature 15-17 °C. Creating an optimal microclimate due to well-chosen dimensions of the gym is a very important task. Heating and ventilation systems are selected, due to which basic hygiene requirements can be met.
SANPIN 2.4.2.2821-10 Sports halls
III. Requirements for the territory of educational organizations
3.2. On the territory of the educational organization, the following zones are distinguished: a recreation area, a sports and economic area. It is allowed to allocate a training and experimental zone.
When organizing a training and experimental zone, it is not allowed to reduce the physical culture and sports zone and the recreation area.
3.3. It is recommended to place the physical culture and sports zone on the side of the gym. When placing a physical culture and sports area from the windows of classrooms, noise levels in classrooms should not exceed hygienic standards for residential, public buildings and residential areas.
When constructing treadmills and sports grounds (volleyball, basketball, handball), drainage must be provided to prevent flooding with rainwater.
The equipment of the physical culture and sports zone should ensure the implementation of the programs of the subject "Physical Education", as well as the holding of sectional sports classes and recreational activities.
Sports and playgrounds must have a hard surface, a football field - a grass cover. Synthetic and polymer coatings must be frost-resistant, equipped with drains and must be made of materials that are harmless to children's health.
Classes on damp areas with bumps and potholes are not carried out.
Physical culture and sports equipment should correspond to the height and age of students.
3.4. For the implementation of the programs of the subject "Physical culture" it is allowed to use sports facilities (grounds, stadiums) located near the institution and equipped in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological
IV. building requirements
4.2. It is not allowed to use the basement floors and basements for classrooms, offices, laboratories, educational workshops, medical facilities, sports, dance and assembly halls.
When placing a gym on the 2nd floor and above, sound and vibration isolation measures must be taken.
The number and types of sports halls are provided depending on the type of educational organization and its capacity.
(as amended by Amendments N 2, approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2013 N 72)
(as amended by Amendments N 2, approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2013 N 72)
4.14. At sports halls in existing educational organizations, equipment must be provided; dressing rooms for boys and girls. It is recommended to equip gyms with separate showers and toilets for boys and girls.
(as amended by Amendments N 2, approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2013 N 72)
4.15. In the newly constructed buildings of educational organizations at sports halls, the following should be provided: projectile; rooms for storing cleaning equipment and preparing disinfectant and washing solutions with an area of at least 4.0 m2; separate dressing rooms for boys and girls with an area of at least 14.0 m2 each; separate showers for boys and girls with an area of at least 12 m2 each; separate toilets for boys and girls with an area of at least 8.0 m2 each. Toilets or locker rooms are equipped with sinks for washing hands.
(as amended by Amendments N 2, approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2013 N 72)
V. Requirements for premises and equipment of educational organizations
5.15. Labor training workshops and a home economics office, gyms should be equipped with first aid kits.
VI. Air-thermal requirements
6.2. The air temperature, depending on climatic conditions in classrooms and offices, psychologist and speech therapist's offices, laboratories, assembly hall, canteen, recreation, library, lobby, wardrobe should be 18 - 24 ° C; in the gym and rooms for sectional classes, workshops - 17 - 20 ° C; bedroom, playrooms, premises of preschool education units and boarding schools - 20 - 24 ° C; medical offices, gym locker rooms - 20 - 22 °C, showers - 25 °C.
6.7. Physical education lessons and sports sections should be held in well-aerated sports halls.
It is necessary to open one or two windows on the leeward side during classes in the hall at an outdoor temperature above plus 5 ° C and a wind speed of no more than 2 m / s. At lower temperatures and more speed air movement classes in the hall are carried out with one or three transoms open. When the outside air temperature is below minus 10 °C and the air speed is more than 7 m/s, through ventilation of the hall is carried out in the absence of students for 1 - 1.5 minutes; during big breaks and between shifts - 5 - 10 minutes.
When the air temperature reaches plus 14 °C, airing in the gym should be stopped.
VII. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting
7.1.4. In workshops for labor training, assembly and sports halls, two-sided lateral natural lighting can be used.
7.2.4. In classrooms, classrooms, laboratories, illumination levels must comply with the following standards: on desktops - 300 - 500 lux, in technical drawing and drawing rooms - 500 lux, in computer science classrooms on tables - 300 - 500 lux, on a blackboard 300 - 500 OK, Vassembly andsports halls (on the floor) - 200 lx, in recreations (on the floor) - 150 lx.
IX. Requirements for premises and equipment of educational institutions located in adapted buildings
9.4. If it is not possible to equip your own sports hall, you should use sports facilities located near the general educational organization, subject to their compliance with the requirements for the arrangement and maintenance of places for physical culture and sports.
Gym mainly located in a separate building, on the ground floor, with an organized separate exit to an open sports ground. generally accepted school gym design has the following layout: teacher's office, equipment room, 2 locker rooms, 2 shower areas, 2 toilets, the gym itself. All rooms should be located so that students and coaches do not interfere with each other and other areas of the school. Usually there is only one hall in the school, but this moment can be adjusted depending on the number of students in the school. educational institution. The dimensions of the gym can also be selected, based on the calculation of the throughput, taken as 11 sq.m. (and not less than 4 m2) per 1 student. At the same time, the area of the gym should be at least 140 m2, even if the existing premises are under reconstruction. Gym area for group lessons in general physical training and ball games should include:
162 sq.m. / 216 m2 (9x18 / 12x18 meters) if the school has 8-20 grades;
- 288 sq.m. (12x24 meters) if the school has 20-30 classes;
- 2 halls: 144 + 288 sq.m. if there are 40 classes in the school;
- 2 halls: 144 + 450 m2 if the school has 50 classes.
Gym with an area of 144 sq.m. can only be used for physical education in primary school. The requirements for the necessary dimensions of spaces for sports in schools are determined not only by the norms for organizing sports activities, but also by the optimal volume of air for those involved and safety rules. The height from floor to ceiling depends on the overall dimensions of the space and should be at least 4.8 - 6 meters.
It is desirable to have windows on both long sides of the sports facility. This creates all the conditions for a sufficient level of lighting and helps in ventilation, as you can open the windows and provide a through hood between lessons. Lighting is combined from natural and artificial sources. The second option is represented by different types of lamps, the lowest illumination is in the range of 100 - 400 lux, depending on the sport for which the hall is intended. It is important that the light spreads evenly around the entire perimeter of the room and remains pleasing to the eye, regardless of the time of day. Design of gyms must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 23-05, SP 31-110 and SNiP 3.05.06. Window panes should be equipped with bars and nets to improve safety conditions.
Hall color scheme plays an important role for students, therefore it is necessary to use only pure contrasting colors, for example: the floor is yellow, and the walls are blue; the floor is red-brown, and the walls are green, and so on. The selected shades should match in character with the functional purpose of the sports facility. The right combination of colors can simultaneously activate a person without irritating him, and keep him in a state of emotional peace. Therefore, red or orange colors are not recommended when decorating a gym for long workouts, games or competitions.
Air temperature in a sports and health-improving indoor facility, in cold season year, kept in the region of 18 ° C with a degree of humidity of 30 - 60%. Heating and ventilation systems are provided without fail in advance and are installed taking into account the norms of SNiP 41-01.
Gym floors can be made of or wood. The choice of coverage should be carried out accurately understanding the purpose of the sports facility by type of sport. Physical education school gyms are recommended to be equipped with a system thickness of 37 to 39 mm. When buying a floor covering made of wood, it is important to evaluate the depreciation qualities that compensate for the load on the muscles of the ligaments and ankle of those involved.
Hall equipment should take into account the gender and age characteristics of students. It must be maintained in good condition and regularly serviced. In no case should the premises be cluttered with inventory or equipment, as this can significantly increase the risk of more frequent traumatic situations. The design of the elements must comply with environmental and safety standards. In the arsenal of the teacher, it is necessary to have both universal, general and highly specialized items: wall bars, balls, bars, jump ropes, mats, gymnastic goats and / or horses, benches, tennis tables, etc. A variety of elements will make physical education classes more interesting, students will be given the opportunity to express themselves in different types sports, and the teacher will provide a full-fledged approach to versatile sports education. A separate room must be prepared for the storage of unused equipment. Full set of rules and regulations for the design and construction of sports halls set out in SP 31-112-2004.
Part two includes sports halls and arenas measuring 42 x 24 m or more, as well as halls 36 x 18 m or more for universal use.
IN last years In our country, new types and forms of sports, health-improving and leisure activities are being developed, therefore, sports and sports facilities (Figure 1 *) began to be used by all age and social groups of the population - from absolutely healthy people to the disabled, from professional athletes to people using these recreational facilities. Many new forms and types of physical culture and sports activities have appeared that are in demand among a certain group of the population (aerobics, bowling, squash, rock climbing, etc.). In accordance with modern requirements, new features of physical culture and sports facilities:
Ensuring accessibility for the disabled of mass physical culture and sports facilities, including special marking of halls and equipment of sanitary facilities;
The set of rules was developed in accordance with the State contract with Rossport N 209 dated December 10, 2002 within the framework of the subprogram "Physical education and rehabilitation of children, adolescents and youth in Russian Federation(2002 - 2005)", paragraph 17 "Development of architectural and planning standards for their application in the construction of sports and recreational and sports facilities, taking into account the possibility of their use by disabled children."
The purpose of the development is the introduction of progressive functional and technical solutions into the design and construction, as well as the improvement of the design process due to the lack of standard design.
This Code of Rules is made in development * "Public buildings and structures" and is a document of the federal level. The provisions of the Code of Rules are aimed at creating a full-fledged architectural environment that ensures the implementation of the goals and objectives that arise in the process of organizing a mass sports training population, sports and recreational and rehabilitation classes for people of different ages, disabled people, including disabled children.
This document deals only with issues related to the main functional characteristics and properties of places for physical culture and recreation and sports activities and the essential auxiliary facilities for them:
Specific areas, indicators of the one-time capacity of playgrounds and places of employment, the minimum required distances between them and the internal surfaces of the enclosing structures;
Physical and mechanical properties and texture of internal finishing materials and also devices that protect the surfaces of walls, ceilings, light openings and lighting fixtures from impact;
The requirements and recommendations on space-planning and engineering design solutions also contain the basic necessary information on dimensional parameters, engineering and sanitary equipment, texture, color and acoustic properties of the internal surfaces of the premises, taking into account the possibility of using places for classes and auxiliary premises by disabled people ( including children and adolescents) of various categories (having damage to the organs of vision, hearing, musculoskeletal system).
The normative document considers halls for mass sports that do not require planning changes for the disabled or require only the addition of special equipment.
The graphical part of the document was developed on the basis of design experience, the practice of operating physical culture and sports facilities, as well as international experience.
6. SAFETY AND HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS
TO THE PLACES OF THE TRAINING PROCESS
AND SPORTS EQUIPMENT
6.1. Requirements for indoor sports facilities
6.1.1. The arrangement of sports halls must comply with the current "Sanitary rules for maintaining places of physical culture and sports", SNiPU "Public buildings and structures", taking into account the age characteristics of children and the requirements of the educational process.
6.1.2. In addition to the sports hall (gyms), it is recommended to provide as part of the sports and recreation block: an educational and training pool, Gym, storage for skis, medical facilities, medical rehabilitation center for psychological relief. The presence of one or another group is determined by local conditions, in accordance with the profile of the educational institution, the design task.
6.1.3. When designing and reconstructing educational institutions located on the territory of areas of radioactive contamination in accordance with the classification of the Law of the Republic of Belarus "On the legal regime of territories exposed to radioactive contamination as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant", it is necessary to ensure the availability of premises for the organization of sports and recreation (swimming pool) and health-improving work (cabinets for massage, hydrotherapy, physiotherapy rooms, etc.).
6.1.4. The floors of sports halls must be resilient and without gaps, have a flat, horizontal, non-slip and painted surface.
6.1.5. Floors should not be deformed from washing and must be dry and clean by the beginning of classes.
6.1.6. The payload on the floors of sports halls should be no more than 400 kg/m 2 .
6.1.7. It is allowed to equip the floor of the sports hall in accordance with the regulatory documentation with landing places after jumps and dismounts.
6.1.8. The walls of sports halls should be even, smooth, painted in light colors over the entire height of the panels with paints that make it easy to wet clean the premises. The painting of walls and ceilings must be resistant to ball impacts, not crumble or get dirty when touching the walls.
6.1.9. The walls of the sports hall to a height of 1.8 m should not have protrusions, and those that are due to the design, including various multi-component projectiles, devices or simulators, must be removed so as not to create traumatic protrusions. Where possible, it is desirable to have closable niches for storing various small and medium-sized handouts. Heating devices must be covered with nets or shields and must not protrude beyond the sports hall markings.
6.1.10. The opening connecting the sports hall with the inventory room must be at least two meters wide and high and not have a protruding threshold.
6.1.11. The window openings of the sports hall should be located along the longitudinal walls. Glazing of windows must have a protective fence against ball impacts, as well as a device for opening transoms in order to ventilate the sports hall.
6.1.12. In the buildings of the educational institution, floors over gym must be hardly combustible with a fire resistance limit of at least 0.75 hours. It is not allowed to insulate the floors of the sports hall with peat, sawdust and other flammable materials.
6.1.13. The attic space of the sports hall must be kept clean and locked. The keys to the attic space should be kept in a certain place, accessible for receiving them at any time of the day. It is forbidden to store sports equipment and training equipment in attic spaces.
6.1.14. Sources of artificial lighting of the sports hall (fluorescent lamps with a color temperature of 3500 0 K are optimal) must provide sufficient lighting (table No. 1).
Table No. 1
The smallest artificial illumination in the premises of a general educational institution (SanPiN No. 14-46-96)
|
p/p |
Name of the premises of the working surface |
Plane G - horizontal, B - vertical, height above the floor |
Name of artificial illumination in lux (lx) |
Specific power (watt per 1m 2) incandescent lamps |
Specific power with fluorescent lamps |
|
|
When illuminated by incandescent lamps |
When illuminated by fluorescent lamps |
|||||
|
Gym |
Floor, B - 2m from the floor on both sides on longitudinal axis of the room |
|||||
|
Shell, inventory, Storerooms |
G - 0.8m |
|||||
|
indoor swimming pool |
G - on water surface |
|||||
|
Teachers' rooms |
G - 0.8m |
|||||
|
bathrooms |
Floor |
|||||
6.1.15. The main premises of buildings of educational institutions should have natural and artificial lighting.
Top (or top and side) natural lighting is allowed for recreations, halls, sports halls, rhythms, pools; lighting with a second light of walk-through corridors that are not recreational, dressing rooms in sports halls and swimming pools, rhythm halls; do not provide for natural lighting in the shell, showers and toilets at sports halls, shooting galleries, ski storage rooms.
6.1.16. For fluorescent lighting, lamps of the LB, LE type and others are used in agreement with the territorial bodies of the state sanitary supervision, or lamps with incandescent lamps of a fully reflective or predominantly reflected light distribution, while the use of lamps with protective angles of less than 30 0 is not allowed.
6.1.17. Do not use open (unprotected) fluorescent lamps.
6.1.18. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps, equipped with ballasts with reduced noise level.
6.1.19. The distance between the rows of lamps and the inner (outer) wall should be 1.5 m; between two rows of lamps - 2m.
6.1.20. Electric lamps should be cleaned as they get dirty, but at least once every three months.
Forbidden Involve students in cleaning lighting fittings.
6.1.21. Lighting control should provide the possibility of partial shutdown of the lighting installation. For this purpose, the electrical network supplying the sports hall must be equipped with circuit breakers or two-pole switches. Knife switches should be installed at the entrance or outside the premises - in the corridor, on the landing, etc.
6.1.22. For mechanized cleaning in the sports hall, at least two sockets should be provided in two opposite corners of the hall. All socket outlets must be fitted with safety plugs.
6.1.23. Indoor sports facilities must be equipped with emergency lighting that provides illumination of at least 0.5 lux on the floor along the line of the main walkways and stairs. In this case, the emergency lighting network must be either separate or with automatic switching in an emergency to emergency lighting power supplies.
6.1.24. Ventilation of indoor sports facilities should be carried out through the ventilation of the hall through windows and transoms, as well as with the help of special ventilation supply and exhaust devices. At the same time, they must be in good order, subject to scheduled preventive maintenance, periodic technical and sanitary and hygienic testing.
6.1.25. The air temperature in the premises of educational institutions should be:
– in sports halls – +15 +18 0 С
– in locker rooms at sports halls – +19 +23 0 С
- in showers - not lower than +25 0 С
6.1.26. The air exchange rate must be in accordance with SNiP "Public buildings and structures":
- in sports halls - 80 cubic meters / hour for 1 person (supply, exhaust).
6.1.27. Separate exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for the following premises (groups of premises): sports halls, swimming pool, shooting range, sanitary facilities.
6.1.28. Lessons physical education should be carried out in well-aerated halls by opening windows on the leeward side at an outside air temperature above +5 0 C and an outside air speed of no more than 2 m / s or transoms at a lower air temperature and a higher air speed. Through ventilation of the sports hall at an outdoor temperature below -10 0 C and an air velocity of more than 7 m / s is carried out in the absence of students.
6.1.29. Dressing rooms for students should have at least 0.18 m 2 area per place.
6.1.30. In locker rooms for girls and boys at sports halls, in addition to showers and toilets, a room with the installation of 3-4 washbasins should be provided.
6.1.31. Wardrobes in locker rooms are installed in one tier. The width of the passages between the benches and cabinets must be at least 1.0 m. It is forbidden to install mirrors, items of equipment in the aisles, clutter them with inventory.
6.1.32. Shower cabins must be equipped with individual cold and hot water mixers with control fittings located at the entrance to the cabin, wooden floor grates, and shelves for accessories.
6.1.33. The dimensions of open shower cabins in the axes of the partitions must be at least 0.9 x 0.9 m.
6.1.34. Between the pediment of shower cabins and opposite rows of shower cabins - at least 1.5 m.
6.1.35. The air exchange rate in the dressing rooms is 1.5, and in the shower rooms - 5.0 m 3 /hour.
6.1.36. In the premises of the main sports facilities, an evacuation plan for those involved in case of fire or natural disaster should be posted in a conspicuous place. This evacuation plan must provide for the rescue of students from the territory of all premises and places where classes are held. physical education, including from all ancillary facilities.
6.1.37. The distance to the doors leading to the emergency exit from the farthest point in the gym should not exceed 27m. Doors intended for evacuation should open towards the exit from the premises. The gym must have at least two doors.
6.1.38. The doors of emergency exits in sports halls can only be locked from the inside, using easy-to-open locks, latches or hooks. It is strictly forbidden to score tightly or clutter up the doors of emergency exits from the gym.
6.1.39. The equipment of indoor sports facilities of general educational institutions with special fire-fighting equipment is carried out on the basis of the current fire safety rules. The use of fire equipment and equipment for household needs not related to fire fighting is strictly prohibited.
