Scientific articles on archery. Archery Secrets. Point-of-Aim Shooting System

9.02.2010

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Organization of archery classes on the example of a single club.

Any group of shooters, having stepped over the stage of episodic shooting somewhere in the wasteland behind the garages, inevitably faces the problem of organizing regular training. In this article, I will try to present my personal experience gained during the management of the training process of the Riga archery club "FRAM". I hope this turns out to be useful to someone.

A little unusual for TooCity, we will talk about things quite modern here. Let's not talk about the reconstruction of the medieval bow itself and the techniques for using it, but only about the tools necessary for this. Perhaps some of what has been said will seem banal to readers, but - “the truth does not grow dim from repetition” (C). Having already approached the “forties”, and having experience in IR (if you count hobbies for Napoleonic, “citizen” and the Second World War) for about 15 years, I finally became convinced that the most valuable and scarce resource is time. And organization and discipline are not fetters, but wings. The more rationally you use the available training time, the faster you will move forward. Therefore, efforts aimed at arranging a business will always pay off, and compromises, on the contrary, will then eat up a lot of time and limit your options.

We will make a reservation right away that I will not consider the legal side of the matter, where and from what it is possible to shoot, and where it is impossible, since in the expanses of the former USSR the laws on this matter are different. It will only be about technical issues. Compare these tips with your local archery range regulations.

Shooting area, open area and hall. Safety engineering.

The first thing to start with is the site itself. Of course, its dimensions must correspond to the intended firing distances. You need to decide what exercises you are going to shoot. Uniform standards for archery in the IR have not yet been developed. It is up to you to decide on what standards to build your training. At historical festivals, the distance is rarely more than 50 meters. FITA outdoor distances 30, 50, 70, 90 meters. That is, if you can cooperate with a sports club, you will have distances up to 90 meters. The maximum (from the standard) distance for clouts according to the rules of the longbow club is 180 yards (164.6 meters). If the FITA exercise field fits into the size of a standard stadium, then large distances can usually not be found within the city. So far, the distances and rules of the IFAA, which are exotic for us, as well as various other traditional shooting schools - kyudo, Korean, Mongolian, etc. I will not consider here, this is a special topic.

The main thing in the choice and arrangement of the site is the safety of shooting. It is clear that the shooting should take place in the most deserted place - if any folk trail passes through your site, you will constantly have to be interrupted. At the same time, if the place is not fenced off by a deliberately impenetrable fence, it must be sufficiently open so that a person cannot suddenly appear in the shooting zone. If the area is built up, make sure that there are no corners ahead, doors (unlocked) etc, from where someone can jump out. In nature, avoid placing shields against the background of thickets - the space behind the shields and next to them should be visible. Do not rely on symbolic barriers and warning signs - in matters of TB, you must proceed from the fact that you are dealing with clinical idiots.

The next point is the orientation of the field relative to the sides of the horizon. If you put the shields in the west, in the evening (and on weekdays, training takes place just in the evening) the sun will be over them. This seriously hinders. We once neglected this - painfully well, everything else was shaping up. Thought it would do. Having suffered through several training sessions, we decided to drag the shields. Accordingly, in the east the sun will interfere in the morning, although I personally did not have to shoot at such an early hour. The ideal orientation of the shooting range is with shields to the north.

For example, our field of the summer season of 2008 (pictured) can be considered generally successful, with the exception of two points: large bushes to the right of the shields and the orientation of the field to the east.

When setting up shields, if you want to shoot at different distances at the same time, place the shields at different distances from the same shooting range, and not vice versa. FITA recommends having three lines: the shooting line itself, the line where bows are left so as not to run around with them, and the line beyond which everything else remains. Very sane approach, I recommend. In general, everything related to the technical side of things can be learned from athletes - it is not necessary to reinvent the wheel. Only a shooting shift may be on the shooting range. The whole tusa remains behind the third boundary. In addition to safety, this approach creates a normal working atmosphere.

They stop shooting and go after the arrows, regardless of the number of shields, all together, on command. The following teams are accepted in the sport:

1. “To the line” (voice) or two whistles (whistle). On this command, the shooters of the shooting shift can take their place on the shooting line.
2. "Shoot" or one whistle. On this command, the arrows put the arrow on the bowstring and start shooting.
3. "Stop firing" or "For arrows", three or more whistles. On this command, all shooters must immediately stop shooting and lower their bows. Usually this is the command "For the arrows" and three whistles, but if the ranger sees a person appearing in the danger zone or other abnormal situation, he may whistle more than three times to make sure that everyone understands the command.

Remember, the shooting range is not only a corridor between the shields and the border, but also a safety zone on the sides and a protective space. Do not flatter yourself - the field does not end with shields, but with a place where arrows fall during flights. The ideal solution, of course, is an earthen rampart at the end of the field. A natural slide will also come down. Viewable, of course (see above). By the way, military caponiers are very well suited for equipment. There is just a high U-shaped shaft in terms of. Do not rely only on the arrow net in this matter. From a safety point of view, it should be considered permeable to arrows.

The field for clouts requires much more space, but is easier to equip. Since the shooting takes place at significant distances close to the maximum, the arrows arrive at a large angle, they are easy to search for, there are no large flights either. Therefore, just a flat, visible field of sufficient size is sufficient.

Here is an example of a clearing, hastily marked out for a clout with the help of construction fencing tape.

The field should be as clean as possible, not overgrown and without solid objects (stones, pieces of concrete, etc.). Arrows cost money, and finding them is a great waste of training time.

Please note the following: What can be left at the class site? Is there a place to store all club equipment, you can leave only bulky and not very valuable (shields), nothing can be left? This will be important when choosing many pieces of equipment - whether to make them stationary or mobile. We are currently working on the middle option, but at the same time dependent on the machine. (We need at least one motorized companion for each workout - bring a net, club bows and a box with other accessories.)

Think in advance how you will solve everyday issues - a place for things, shelter from the weather, a toilet, etc. The fact that in the wake of primary enthusiasm seems insignificant, with regular exercises, it strains and often becomes a reason to mow down from training.

Now for indoor training. In winter, in our latitudes, you can’t shoot much on the field, both due to weather conditions and because of the decrease in daylight hours. On a working day before six or seven in the evening, it is difficult to start training, and in December at this time it is already completely dark. FITA provides indoor shooting distances of 18 (most common) and 25 meters. 18 meters is a comfortable distance, it is quite possible to find such a hall. Shooting less than 15 meters makes little sense at all - this is already starting darts.

Security in the hall is easier to ensure, since it takes place within four walls. However, you should not relax. It goes without saying that it is impossible to share the hall with anyone during shooting, and strangers should not be there during training. All available doors in front of the firing line must be locked so that no one can suddenly jump out of there. The organization of lines (if there is space) is the same as in the field: a shooting line, a line for equipment, a line for everything else.

Our club has been renting a school hall for several years in a row during the winter season. Of course, the rent is hourly, so the organization of training is thought out in such a way as to quickly install equipment at the beginning of a workout and clean it up at the end. We are allowed to keep two package shields in the hall, several sheets of plywood to protect the walls, plus little things. Nothing valuable and breaking in the hall can not be left - school, children. Shields (more about them in the next section) in the hall are mounted on wheels, which makes it easy to move them around the hall for one person. Sheets of plywood installed behind the shields cover the wall from arrows that do not hit the shield. The grid also finds its application in the hall. By placing it in the middle of the hall, closer to the line, we get a short training distance for technical exercises and beginners. Since the shields are mobile, if necessary, they can be maneuvered during training. In general, we spend 10 minutes of training time to deploy equipment at the beginning of a workout and clean it up at the end. It would seem a little, but for example, on a working day, training is two-hour, from 19.00 (not everyone has time to leave work) until 21.00 (you also need to get home). Spending 20 minutes from a two-hour workout (especially if you pay by the hour) on fuss is a pity, and we continue to look for ways to optimize this business. Here is our example of using the school gym for training:

Shields.

Now - shields. In this matter, the world archery community has accumulated considerable experience, according to the principle of "need for inventions is cunning." Shields should be strong enough to save arrows. To choose your option, you need to decide whether our shields will be stationary, transportable (allow transportation) or mobile. The first option - when the shields are an integral part of the shooting range, for example, built into the wall - is relatively rare. The second option is the most common.

Shields can be made independently or bought ready-made. The decision depends on your technical and financial capabilities. It is difficult to give any unambiguous recommendations here, it all depends on the availability of materials and their prices. In our case, in Riga, five years ago, the idea of ​​buying ready-made imported shields still seemed absurd. Today, when local prices have caught up and surpassed European prices, the benefits of homemade products are no longer so obvious. Make your choice based on the combination of parameters you need: price, availability, survivability, safety of arrows, convenience, transportability, historicity.

A good option for a stationary shield can be hay or straw, baled or rolled. Bales are somewhat more convenient, they are small, on average 10 kg each, you can easily fold a flat wall out of them. The roll is bulky, and weighs an average of 300 kg. When using these materials, attention must be paid to the density of the bales or bales. Different machines bale hay differently. In our case, the tighter the better. But all the same, strong and catchy bows can drive an arrow into a shield as a whole, and then you have to look for it, gutting hay. This is the disadvantage of this option. Therefore, sometimes such a shield is hung in front with cardboard.

I came across an interesting solution in the book "Bow and Arrow" (F. Gadash, I. Viskochil. Abbreviated translation from Czech. "FiS" M. 1960). This book is actually very entertaining. Written as a manual for archers - Olympians, in this capacity it has long been outdated, but it has become relevant for "traditionalists". For the equipment of athletes of the 50s of the last century, simple wooden bows and arrows with natural plumage, is almost one to one modern "tradition". The authors of the book offer not the most “friendly” to arrows, but practically “immortal” stationary option - a clay or sod shaft. Several options for its implementation are considered there. In the first case, the shaft is made up of pieces of turf like brickwork. In the second case, only the front, sheer wall is laid out with turf. In the third, most difficult and “fancy” case, the back side of the shaft rests on a brick wall (a wooden one will quickly rot) and has a plank arrow-catching wall on top. It all looks tempting, but personally I have not come across this in practice, only in the book, "for what I bought - for that I sell."

If there is no need to transport shields frequently, a “package” shield is a great solution. Such a shield is a stack of strips of soft material placed between the boards and pulled together with studs. As a material, non-pressed fiberboard is very good, usually used for heat and sound insulation. For example, relatively thin sheets laid under laminate floors are very convenient: their size is 600 * 1200 cm, sawing a pack in half lengthwise we get a ready-made shield layer 120 cm wide (the width of the largest FITA target). In second place is corrugated board, less tenacious, but more affordable. Sometimes only the most “suffering” middle of the shield is made from non-pressed fiberboard, and the edges are made of something simpler. Maintainability belongs to advantages of package boards: it is possible to shuffle layers, achieving uniform wear, and to replace separate parts. We use these shields. For use in the hall, we put the boards on wheels, which makes it easy to move them around the hall. Here are examples of assembling package boards from cardboard, non-pressed fiberboard and using foam for the edges of the board:

And here are examples of different shields made according to a batch scheme, including stationary ones. To activate your imagination in shield building. Note the small rain canopy above the wheeled shield.

These are photographs from the collection of an archer-athlete friend who traveled the world. Here is a huge archery hall in Luxembourg and a stationary archery wall in Amiens:

A serious minus of large package shields, especially from non-pressed fiberboard, is weight. As already mentioned, it is possible to make the edges of the shield from lighter materials, such as foam. True, in this case, the ability to use the entire shield area equally intensively is lost. There is also a more suitable material from which the entire shield can be made - polyethylene foam. Packet boards made of polyethylene foam are offered, for example, by NemoArchery. But this material is not cheap. We will return to this topic when talking about mobile shields. Here is the shield from NemoArchery:

At the end of the topic of package shields, one more nuance is how to tighten them. Cardboard shrinks more, fiberboard shrinks less, but in any case, a certain amount of stud length is needed to tighten the shield. Therefore, the ends of the studs after assembly remain sticking out beyond the shield dimensions. If you cut them to the very nut, next time you will not be able to assemble a shield of the same width on these studs. Of course, you can leave protruding ends, if the place allows, and once every six months or a year, buying new studs is also not a ruin. But you can avoid this problem by tightening the shields not with nuts, but with lanyards. Here is an example of such shields (photo from the BalticOpen 2009 tournament in Kekava).

Just keep in mind that the lanyard has a left-hand thread on one side, such a stud or bolt will have to be ordered separately, you can’t buy it in the store.

Materials that are dense in themselves, such as non-pressed fiberboard (in our area, its modern commercial name is isoplat), in principle, it is not necessary to tighten. A package shield for them can be made according to the principle of a cassette, where sheets of material are simply inserted. The photo above shows examples of such shields. And here is our similar shield.

We decided on such an experiment, since the "cassette" shield is noticeably easier to maintain - you can sort it out in a few minutes. But experience has shown that in an uncontracted form, the material is destroyed much faster. So I personally consider the experiment unsuccessful, at least for club, intensively exploited boards.

The disadvantage of large "package" shields, as already mentioned, is a significant weight. Therefore, to work "from the wheels" you need other options. In the West, many varieties of ready-made mobile shields are produced. Today, some assortment is available in our Palestinians. Of those that I myself have seen, most of all I liked the shields made of the material familiar to us from tourist rugs. This is polyethylene foam, also called "isolon" in industry and construction. Such a shield of the maximum size is easily carried by one person (four people carry a package of unpressed fiberboard of the same size, puffing and sniffling). The survivability of such shields is quite sufficient. I have no personal experience with such shields, I have not come across isolon plates in Latvia. In Russia, as far as I know, insulating shields are popular .. Here are more examples of such shields:

For commercial shooters (at festivals, "corporate parties" and other hacks), when random people shoot for entertainment purposes from weak bows and a long distance is not needed, you can get by with a small cardboard packet shield. This option is also suitable for individual indoor training. Many athletes even keep a small shield at home for technical exercises. In the case of individual use, the survivability of cardboard is quite enough. This option is budgetary, in the presence of free cardboard - almost free. All that is required, except cardboard, is two studs with a set of washers and nuts and four boards. In the photo - my personal such a shield.

If you need a shield for a tournament at a reenactment event, then the appearance also becomes important. A variant from the "cheap and cheerful" series is the same bales and rolls. It is clear that there was no baled hay in the Middle Ages, but at least it does not hurt the eyes with obvious modernity. Another compromise option is a jute or canvas bag stuffed with something. The "kosher" solution is a round shield twisted from straw. These are also sold in some places, but you can also make your own. Not a very strong shield, strong bows from short distances can pierce through. Vitality is also limited, so it is not recommended for constant training. Such a shield is placed on a simple wooden stand - its weight is small. Below are drawings from the book "Bow and Arrow":

At the end of the topic, I will add that most of the materials considered are sensitive to atmospheric influences. Therefore, if you leave shields on the field, it will not be superfluous to cover them. You can, for example, build a canopy. This season we used an awning (see photo). Humidity is another feature of package shields. Some materials, such as unpressed fiberboard, swell noticeably from moisture. Therefore, a completely dense shield, if brought into a heated room for the winter period, will dry out. After moving from the field to the hall, such shields, until they dry, have to be periodically tightened. Otherwise, the shield may crumble at the most inopportune moment.

Arrow network.

In the book of Czech authors mentioned above, a thick tarpaulin was proposed as a light arrow-catching barrier. How effective and expedient this option is financially, I can’t say - I haven’t tried it. Since then, progress has stepped far, and today you can purchase a special network made of modern materials for this purpose. The thing is very useful, especially for shooting in unequipped places. Sold both by the meter and ready-made pieces of certain sizes. Usually it has one or all edges of the ring or other fasteners. Available in two colors: green and white. Green, in my opinion, is preferable, it is easier to hide it at entourage events. The strength is also different, standard and extra strong, for strong high-speed bows and crossbows. "Extra" has a smaller cell, thicker, but noticeably heavier than usual.

Based on the experience of operating such a network, I can say the following. For traditional bows and wooden arrows, a standard net is sufficient. It is advisable to use arrows with tips without cutting edges, since the net holds a breakdown, but not a cut. The network is effective only in a free-hanging form. Where she rests on an object, there will be a breakdown, even a weak bow. It is recommended to have a distance of one meter behind the net to the nearest obstacle. In general, the network performs its function, it saves arrows and time noticeably. Although the thing is not cheap, if possible, I would advise you to purchase. But sometimes breakdowns do happen. Therefore, as mentioned above, in matters of security, one should proceed from the fact that the network is permeable. You can't rely on it like a stone wall.

We set up the network in the following way. We pass a cable into the rings along the upper edge, 3-4 times longer than the width of the network. As supports, we use four wooden slats with a height slightly greater than the height of the net. In our case, the slats are made of composite, since it was supposed to be transported in the passenger compartment of an AUDI 80 car. slats can be taken whole. There are two holes in the slats, one at the edge of the slats and one about a third - a quarter of the length from the opposite edge. A network cable is threaded into the first, through the second the slats are connected in pairs so that they do not disperse. The whole structure is stretched and secured to the pegs.

We have a piece of chain sewn into the bottom edge of the net, for weight. The fact is that the net has a certain windage and will flutter in the wind without weighting. I do not recommend attaching the lower edge to the ground tightly, since then gusts of wind will act on the entire structure, and it will have to be made more difficult and massive. In the version with a chain, a strong gust of wind simply lifts the net, after which it lies back down. Sometimes, with a strong wind, you can strengthen the supports with additional stretch marks.

Similarly, the network is installed in the hall. However, if there are any rings or hooks on the walls in the hall, it may be possible to do without supports.

On a permanent shooting range, of course, you can replace the grid with a plank or plywood wall.

Other equipment.

Now about some optional, but useful little things. For example, a club stand for bows. A thing that is especially relevant for traditionalists, since the industry produces individual coasters for "Olympic" and compound bows. However, such bows in sports clubs are also sometimes placed on collective stands, like the one shown in the photo. Our stand (on the second photo) is simpler, it consists of four rectangular and two round rails, studs with a set of nuts and washers, and rope stops. All this can be easily disassembled if necessary. The hairpin can be replaced with a round rail, then the stand will have a relatively "historical" look.

At a permanent shooting range, you can use arrow stands instead of wearable quivers. They are also very useful on commercial shooters. Here are examples of their performance, from an old book already familiar to us.

Another useful household item is a photo tripod. In addition to using it for its intended purpose (it can be useful to shoot and look at your shooting technique from the side), a chronograph and a mirror can be placed on a tripod. (We will talk about these things separately later.) Naturally, a sophisticated professional tripod is not needed here, we use the simplest and cheapest one. In strong winds, additional weight may be required to prevent the tripod with the equipment mounted on it from falling over.

Useful, especially for owners of strong bows and thick shields, will be various types of devices for pulling arrows. They prevent the shaft from slipping in the hands. The simplest of them is just a sheet of soft rubber, but there are more sophisticated ones. This is the one we use:

Teaching aids.

Since the bow does not tolerate a dry shot (in this case, all its energy goes into the vibration of the shoulders, which does not add health to them), exercises without releasing an arrow are done on projectiles. The first thing that a beginner archer picks up is an elastic band. It will not hurt the traditionalists either, for setting up the basic technique, the thing is indispensable. There are specially made ones, but any ordinary one is just as good. There is nothing special to explain here, it is an elastic band in Africa, and besides, they should be acquired by everyone individually. Let's talk about its closest analogue - an elastic bowstring, which is highly recommended to have among club equipment. This is a bowstring with loops and a middle, between which there are elastic inserts. She puts on a collected bow, over an ordinary bowstring. Allows you to practice the release technique with a bow in hand, but without releasing an arrow and without harming the bow. It is also very handy when measuring the length of the draw, as it allows you to keep the bow "strung" for a long time.

The next useful item is a mirror. Mounted on a tripod at about face level, the mirror is placed slightly in front and to the right of the shooter so that he can see his actions with only a slight sideways glance. The dimensions of the mirror are determined by common sense: a large one is inconvenient, besides, it sails heavily in an open field and can tip over, you can’t really see anything in a small one. Our mirror is 35mm x 35mm.

For initial training, it is very useful to have a club training bow with a small draw force. It is almost impossible to put equipment on a strong bow right away without making mistakes, which then will take a long time to get rid of. The first bow of a beginner archer should be such that he can work with it without any tension. And it’s not rational for shooters to buy a bow for a year, or even less. We once invested in this business, having bought five inexpensive training bows with a draw force of 24-28 # for the club, and we have never regretted it. In addition to methodological advantages, the club park of bows helps to attract beginners - a person has something to work with, there is no need to immediately buy your own.

We use fiberglass Easton Troopers for club training arrows. In our case, in terms of price / quality ratio, this is an ideal option. This arrow is heavy, but beginners at long distances do not need to shoot. But it's cheap and durable. For the "traditional", of course, a plastic arrow with a hard plumage is not optimal, but wooden ones in the role of training ones turn out to be disposable. Troopers, on the other hand, survive even hitting a brick wall. In terms of stiffness, these arrows are only 40 #, and you have to use them with weak bows, but for initial training we put up with this.

"Aprons", gloves and shields (gaiters), a bowstring with a thickening.

The equipment of the shooter is a purely individual matter, especially an “apron” or a glove: everyone selects these things to their liking. However, there should be a certain number of “state-owned” in the club, for issuing to beginners and the public on commercial shootings. Our club shields are elongated, covering the entire left hand. Until the beginner learns to properly “remove” the left elbow, he will constantly “fly” along the arm. A permanent bruise on the arm is not an ornament, especially for girls, but that's not even the point. If pain occurs somewhere during a shot, this causes tension in the shooter, even if it is unconscious, and interferes with the development of technology. Therefore, I personally support the use of protective equipment. An approach like “getting hit on the arm a couple of times - learn to remove the elbow” is not our method. You just have to remember to keep an eye on the beginners so that they don’t rely only on the shield and still learn to “remove” the elbow. The shield, of course, helps to avoid injury from being hit by a bowstring, but it does not cancel the effect of touching the bowstring on the shot. Don't forget to protect your fingers too. You can earn a callus in five minutes, but then a person will not be able to shoot normally for a week. "Aprons" for beginners, we use the simplest. But besides them, since in our club basic training is based on sports equipment, more complex aprons are also used, with a distance between the fingers and a plate for fixing under the chin.

On potryushki for the public, a long shield is also relevant, here you need to look at the situation. If people are in tight long-sleeved outerwear, you can do without a shield - nothing bad will happen from a few shots from a weak bow. But customers with short sleeves or with sleeves made of soft, easily damaged fabrics should be offered a face shield. You shouldn’t spoil people’s holiday with a bruise on your arm or a damaged blouse, and you don’t need an extra scandal either. It is not necessary to impose, it will turn out - the fools themselves (fools). The same with "aprons". A good replacement for "aprons" on shooters can be bowstrings with a thickening under the fingers. For serious shooting, this design is not optimal: the descent is not the same, and the extra weight on the bowstring, but in this case - that's it. When working with the public, the speed of preparation of each shooter is important, here time is money, literally. Shields are most convenient in this case with a Velcro fastener.

A small digression from the topic. It is worth talking about the organization of archery attractions in more detail. This is a complex and nerve-wracking business. The main general recommendation, in my personal opinion, is to remember responsibility and not let greed prevail over common sense. It is necessary to find out all the details of the upcoming event at the stage of negotiations with the customer, and if its conditions obviously do not provide security (the place is not suitable, the audience is inadequate, etc.), it is better to refuse immediately. It is highly recommended to see the place yourself in advance. Always remember that a bow, even a weak one, is a potentially dangerous item that can cause serious injury, even death. Here is a case from my practice that at one time made me think seriously. Our attraction was one of many at the big corporate party. It was necessary to shoot across the corridor open on both sides. Seeing this, I demanded two people from the organizers to cordon off - to block the entrances and exits. The organizers either forgot, or scored - they gave the first people who came across, and in the confusion of the holiday they were torn off somewhere. There is noise, excitement all around, many customers are already “under a degree”. As a result: a man draws a bow, a wrapped waiter flies around the corner with a tray and runs through the corridor. Both have tunnel vision, but I just don’t have time to do anything. Shot - an arrow flies over the tray of the waiter at the level of his face. I experienced very unpleasant sensations, realizing WHAT could happen. Since then, I have been sending obviously dumb customers by the forest right away - no money is worth the possible consequences, and you will most likely be the last ones.

Here are some more little tips:

1. With all due respect to customers, consider them idiots - it's safer that way. The degree of fucking mental disability of some individuals is sometimes amazing. Even if they are one in a thousand, in crowded places you will definitely come across them - statistics! Therefore, by default, consider each patient capable of anything. Here is another example from life: a corporate party outside the city, a recreation center where it happens is in the forest. A client, quite an adequate adult, already in years, an uncle, an employee of a serious company. As they say, "nothing foretold". We are standing, talking with a group of vacationers. The helper steps aside and I lose sight of him. The calm conversation continues. Suddenly, this uncle bursts into the circle, without saying a word, grabs a bow, two arrows, and gallops away in the thickets, leaving us with a partner who went crazy to blink their eyes. And what do you want to think?! It turned out - a man, a passionate hunter, saw a hare in the forest. He does not remember further, he says - the demon has beguiled.
2. By virtue of the foregoing, you must constantly control the bows available on the court. According to the mind, for every working bow there should be one person of your staff. This should become the rule: one point (bow, crossbow, set of javelins, axes, knives) - one Padawan. It is still possible to control one shooting of two, although it is highly undesirable. More than two "points" per person - an attraction in chaos, expect trouble. Of course, the Padawan must be trained. I still remember one of the old fests in Cēsis, where a girl from the guest club provided crossbow shooting. She loaded a crossbow that was not weak in general and in a wide circular motion (circling the entire field with people) passed it to the arrow. Next to her, I constantly wanted to run for a pavese. Outside the action, inventory must also not be left unattended. In extreme cases, if you need to step aside, even for a minute, and leave no one on the farm, take off the bows and take the bowstrings with you.
3. The need to control the inventory, not only the current inventory, dictates minimalism in its use. At the "point" should be only what is currently needed for work. All spare parts and tools must be hidden. The need to keep track of junk scattered around, firstly, distracts from the actual shooting process (which is unsafe), and secondly, it increases the chances of irreversibly parting with this junk. In a large family, as you know, they don’t click their beaks. It is naive to believe that the public will definitely ask permission before touching something. To believe that everything that is broken will be returned back is all the more naive, we are not in the country of elves. This is how my archery ring, made to order (creatures !!!). Think over the list of necessary things in advance and do not deviate from it. My list is a bow, three arrows, bow and arrow stands, aprons and shields (preferably in a shoulder bag). All! The rest, including the obligatory first-aid kit, is nearby, but not in plain sight. Don't relax, go out in public like you're going to war!
4. And with all that - smile! People came to you for a holiday - make them a holiday! Be forgiving of their ignorance, clumsiness, even indiscipline. Do not impose your knowledge, if they want to constantly "pull" - let them have fun, but if the client wants to learn something, learn something - you must be ready to answer competently. In my opinion, such communication of reenactors with the public at public events is perhaps the main useful "exhaust" from our movement into society. This must be taken seriously.

In addition to what was said - here is such an adaptation. It was created for shooting indoors with "humanized", safe arrows. Maybe it'll come in handy. That's all for now on this topic. Other nuances deserve a separate discussion.

In conclusion of the topic of club equipment, as a funny exotic, I will mention such “swings”, the idea of ​​​​which we spied on the bullets. The principle of operation is clear from the photo. The task is to make a shot, keeping both ends of the board in the air. Helps to train balance, and just a fun thing.

Equipment and materials for the maintenance and repair of bows and arrows.

For a more or less large company, it is worth acquiring some tools. Let's start with the plywood. Even if you don't collect your own arrows, regluing will come in handy. For the feathers in the process of shooting are damaged and come off, and it is difficult to restore the plumage without this adaptation. The stickers are different. Numerous designs differ in the size of the nibs used, the number of possible settings and performance.

The most common type is designed for gluing feathers one at a time. The pen is placed in the clip, smeared with glue and pressed against the shaft. Then, when the glue has set, the clamp is removed, the shaft is rotated to the desired angle and the operation is repeated. A great many of these designs differ among themselves mainly in the possible settings. Consider them on the example of one of the most "fancy" models.

On this perglue you can change:

1. Distance from feather to arrow shank;
2. Plumage twist angle;
3. The direction of plumage twisting;
4. The location of the feathers relative to the cut under the bowstring (3 options).

It is not necessary to chase the number of settings and take the most complex and expensive model. Complex plywoods are relevant in large sports clubs, where they shoot from various bows, including “block” ones. Pay only attention that the perglue has settings for the types of plumage that you need.

A simple, but quite effective perglue of this type can easily be made independently. Here's a YouTube video showing how to use it: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pffhKIuuQX8

And here are some more examples of such perokleyek. Judging by the drawings from the Czech book already familiar to us, over the past 50 years this design has not changed significantly.

Another type of pergluing involves gluing three feathers at once. This significantly speeds up the work. After all, the glue hardens for at least five minutes. It turns out that we will spend at least 20 minutes on a three-bladed arrow with a “single” machine, and four hours on a dozen arrows. But you have to pay for everything - the settings for such perglues are usually fixed. For the particular design shown in the photo, for additional fixation of the ends of the guides, a ring is used, which is put on the arrow from above. For arrows with standard "traditional" arrowheads, this is irrelevant, but if your arrow already has wide historical arrowheads, you will not be able to put on this ring. Another disadvantage of such structures is that they are less suitable for repair. It is inconvenient to glue one detached feather when the others are in place.

Finally, there are plywoods, which are similar in design to the first type, but designed to work with several arrows at once. Such models are indispensable when assembling large batches of arrows.

If you plan to make natural plumage yourself, then you will need either a template for mechanical cutting of feathers, or a device for thermal cutting of feathers already on the arrow.

If you are using standard steel arrowheads for wooden arrows, you will need a special sharpener to install them on your arrows. The fact is that such tips have an internal cone. Ordinary pencil sharpeners do not fit - the angle is wrong. Sharpeners are simple and complex, with interchangeable nozzles. They are usually found under the main shaft diameters for "traditional" arrows - 5/16 and 11/32 inches.

In the manufacture of windings on bowstrings, a special machine is used. It is arranged simply, it is easy to make it yourself. In the photo there are two of their varieties, the first is the most common.

For the manufacture of bowstrings of the "endless" type, like those that are now used for the "Olympic" bow, there is such a device. Making bowstrings is a topic for a separate article, so we will not delve into the nuances here, we will limit ourselves to a number of photographs. The device and the principle of operation of the device according to them are generally clear. You can buy such a thing, but making it on your own will not cause difficulties. We use homemade.

For the manufacture of a "Flemish" bowstring, a board with two studs is sufficient at a minimum. There are more complex options, like this product from "Three rivers archery": http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zE9o1fxplgA&feature=related This is also a topic for a separate discussion.

Measuring instruments.

Ruler. We are talking about a special ruler, which is convenient to measure the “base” of the bow (the distance from the bowstring to the handle), as well as to find a place on the bowstring for a nest for the arrow shank.

The measuring boom is designed to measure the length of tension. Needed when choosing the parameters of arrows for a particular archer. It is a long featherless arrow with a scale on the shaft. It is more convenient to use with an elastic bowstring (see above), then when pulled, a long hold and a calm, accurate measurement are possible. (It's better to do it together - one pulls, the other looks.) It is also on sale, but the price IMHO is inadequate. Easy to make on your own. In fact, you can do without it, using a regular tape measure. But she's more comfortable. The scale on branded arrows is an inch, on a homemade one you can make any or even two.

A dynamometer is designed to measure the draw force of a bow. There are mechanical and electronic. An electronic one is more convenient, a mechanical one is simpler, cheaper and more reliable (there is nothing to break there, it is essentially a steelyard - a body, a hook, a spring).

Scales. There are also conventional rocker and electronic ones. Electronic IMHO is definitely preferable, due to the accuracy of measurements, convenience, the possibility of changing units of measurement (grams, ounces, grains). In the photo - electronic scales complete with a calibration weight. But the good old yoke scales can also be used. They are especially useful when adjusting the weight of hand-forged tips. We balance (with the help of scraps of paper) the scales, put the selected reference tip on one cup and check the rest with it. For petiolate tips, I file the shank, reducing the weight, and take the lightest in the lot as a reference. For sleeved ones, on the contrary, I add a little lead to the sleeve, increasing the weight, respectively, I take the heaviest tip as the standard.

Spin tester. A very useful, even necessary thing for self-made arrows. It is also useful for sorting finished arrows or shafts, which is not always written on the label. Measures the bending stiffness of an arrow shaft. Why this is needed - see "archers paradox". The device is quite clear from the photo. The bottom line is simple: the shaft is placed on two stops located at a certain distance (26 inches, or 660 mm) and loaded in the middle with a load of two pounds (820 grams). The only difficulty is a scale that translates the deflection of the shaft immediately due to the tension of the bow corresponding to the arrow. If you make your own, you can download a sample on the Internet.

Chronograph - in this case, a device that measures the initial speed of the arrow. There are different degrees of sophistication and, accordingly, prices. We will consider a simple model. An ordinary chronograph is a simple device. It consists of two photocells, an electronics unit, a display, batteries, a housing and removable screens. The device is passive - uses natural sunlight, power is needed only for electronics and display. This is an important point, since the operation of the chronograph indoors under artificial light requires additional equipment. The principle of operation of the device is as follows: when an object flies over it, two photocells sequentially record the change in illumination, and the electronics unit calculates the speed by the difference in the response time of the photocells and displays the result on the display. Therefore, by the way, even with sufficient illumination, the device will not work under fluorescent lamps: they have their own discharge frequency, and continuous light is needed. The ideal working conditions for the instrument are a cloudy day. In some cases, when the sun is too bright, it is recommended to install diffusing screens. However, I always put up racks for them in order to visually indicate the firing zone. As a rule, modern chronographs have, in addition to the display, a connector for outputting data to a computer. This allows you to work directly with ballistic computing programs. When choosing a chronograph, you should pay attention to the units of measurement it uses. There are models that give results in meters per second, in feet per second, and universal ones that allow you to switch units of measurement. The latter IMHO is preferable. The chronograph is usually mounted on a photo tripod, for which there is a standard threaded connection on the instrument case. Here are perhaps all the main points, other details should already be looked at in the instructions for a particular device.

The ballistic pendulum is an alternative to the chronograph. The main (perhaps the only) advantage is the availability for self-production. If a chronograph cannot be made without serious knowledge in electronics and the corresponding element base, then the pendulum is a simple mechanical device. The principle of operation is simple: a shot is fired at a suspended object of a known mass, the distance traveled by it is measured, the energy of the projectile is calculated from the formulas known from the school physics program, and with its known mass, the speed. Honestly, I myself have not tried to use a ballistic pendulum to measure the speed of an arrow, I have a chronograph. Here, in the photo, is a similar device for pneumatic weapons (photo by Mhunter from gunz.ru), if anyone tries to sculpt something similar for archery purposes, it will be interesting to see.

Roulette and rangefinder. Needed to measure the shooting distance, this is understandable. A rangefinder, a cunning bourgeois, of course, is convenient, but really needed when marking trails and training in shooting at various distances, for example, IFAA exercises. For a regular regular shooting range, a tape measure will suffice. Rangefinders relevant for archery are not too expensive, as there are enough models with a measurement range of up to 300 m. But still - money. You can - take it, no - a small loss.

Visual aids. Having good, clear pictures illustrating shooting techniques is very helpful. It is not always possible to adequately explain the nuances of the technique “on the fingers”. We have an educational poster on sports equipment hanging, we like it. In order not to fray, rolled up in a film. Taken here:

If a video camera, the aforementioned tripod and a laptop are available, it can be very useful in the process of training to film the actions of the shooter and immediately “hot on the trail” to consider and analyze the mistakes. In addition, the presence of such video materials will allow you to consult with experts on the Internet.

That, perhaps, is all that I wanted to say in this review. Hope this can help somebody.

You can buy a bow and accessories for it in our online store! Bows, arrows and accessories are presented in a wide range at affordable prices.

CHAPTER 2 SHOT BASICS

1. Feet and ankle joints The position of the feet and the distribution of pressure on them are important factors in balancing the body and

can contribute to a more effective training process. Surprisingly, many shooters are quite inconsistent in foot placement and pressure distribution when shooting. Recognizing this, let's do some further analysis.

The feet contain one quarter of all the bones in the human body; each foot contains 26 bones, 33 joints, 107 ligaments and 19 muscles. Additionally, the feet are formed by medial, lateral, longitudinal, and transverse arches (arcs) that provide platform flexibility to support body weight. The weight must be evenly distributed across the arches (arcs), otherwise the position of the body will be unstable. The ankle joint is supported by powerful ligaments that connect the leg to the lower leg and tibia.

bone is a rather complex structure. Therefore, proper footwear is very important to reduce fatigue. Since this structure is always inconsistent, it would be advantageous to fit the foot in shoes with hard soles and high enough rims to increase lateral support for the ankle joint. This would reduce the required muscle tension and not only improve stability but also reduce fatigue.

Suggested weight distribution in the stance is approximately 60-70% on the toes and approximately 40-30% on the heels. This distribution of weight is very important because the socks control the stability of the body. Positioning your body's center of gravity slightly in front of your ankles and further away from your heels will allow you to train more effectively. This topic is explored in more detail by biomechanics.

The position of the feet in the rack can be closed, straight or open. The standard approach is to start the beginner from the straight stance, also known as the classic stance. This position lines up the body and shoulders towards the target. It is easy to control whether the shooter is perpendicular to the target or not. The downside of this position

- when the wind increases the vibrations of the body back and forth. Open stance provides a more biomechanically stable stance and builds confidence

Research shows that most world-class shooters use an open stance with feet shoulder-width apart. As in other sports, this open stance with the weight evenly distributed over the two feet was found to create a sense of balance. Also, having the arms turned in a line towards the target will create some torque, thus reducing the tendency to sway, especially in windy conditions. Full compliance in general, and tension in the upper and lower body in particular, play a big role in ensuring a consistent and stable body position from shot to shot.

The feet should be shoulder-width apart as the weight of the body will be distributed in a straight line through the joints, subjecting them only to compressive forces. The optimal recommended distance is shoulder width. Increasing the distance between the feet will increase the torque on the joints, which is not as effective and will cause more fatigue during the shooting day.

you can put "too" in front of it, "too wide" or "too narrow" or "too---" then it should be avoided.

2. Knee joint The knee joint is passive and forms a stable connection between the femur (femur) and

lower leg (tibia). The knee is basically a hinge joint, its main movements are

Flexion (bending) and extension (straightening). A slight extension of the knee joint occurs at the end of flexion to "lock" the knee, and at the beginning of flexion to "unlock" the knee. It is recommended that the knees be fully extended as any bend will result in loss of stability and muscle fatigue. However, the back muscles of the legs should not be compressed, creating additional tension in the muscles of the hamstrings or calves. In other words, don't strain your legs.

For archery it is beneficial that the hamstrings (at the back of the upper leg) that bend the knees and the quads (at the front of the upper leg) that extend the knees are equally developed in both legs to balance the body.

3. Position of the upper body The upper body should be in line with the lower body. To create the recommended

60/70%-40/30 distribution of pressure on the feet, the whole body should lean forward slightly. Imagine a straight steel rod passing through the body through the top of the head; the base of the rod is attached to the ground. Everything lined up should stay in the same place. The center of gravity should be in the same place approximately between the insteps of the feet slightly in front of the ankle joints.

The chest should be pushed down to increase the gap in front. The buttocks should not stick out, as this will result in a backward arch, which in turn will push the chest forward and change the center of gravity. It will also reduce the gap with the bowstring. If the body is placed correctly, the shooter should be able to squeeze the buttocks together. Further, since the vertebral column (spine) supports the weight of the body and head, as well as the anchoring of the chest, all this should be kept as natural as possible. This will provide the strongest and most stable rack configuration.

Proper body alignment is essential for developing good back tone. 4. Head position

The head should be in a natural upright position. The string should touch the center of the nose. In most cases, this will result in an attachment slightly on the side of the chin. The attachment must not move too far to the side of the face, as the chin may collide with the bowstring on release and change the direction of the bowstring.

Due to the wide variety of face shapes, the most recommended position for the bowstring was usually touching the center of the nose and the center of the chin. However, in most cases, this results in the head tilting back or forward. Additionally, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to get the direction of the movement of the right hand along the line of the arrow. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a little on the side of the chin.

Further, the neck has many muscles that help keep the head in a stable position. Blood for these muscles, and for the brain itself, flows through the arteries embedded in the muscles of the neck. Therefore, an excessively tilted, turned, or extended head position could compress these blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain and neck muscles, impairing the effective use of both.

5. Shoulders Both shoulders should be set as low as possible. See photo #11 below.

6. Left shoulder When lifting the bow, the left shoulder should be set to the lowest possible position.

This is the most biomechanically rational position, because the structure of the bone and muscles is used to the maximum. When drawing the bow, this low shoulder position must be maintained. By pointing the bow towards the target as it is raised, full extension of the shoulder joint will be guaranteed and at the same time the triceps of the left hand will be strengthened, allowing the left hand to be more relaxed.

This particular position is conspicuous when observing most lead shooters. This can be seen in the photo above, where the arrow is above the left shoulder when the bow is fully drawn.

Shooters shooting with a high left shoulder must rely on muscles to hold the shoulder in this position. This will cause the left shoulder to crawl up, especially when fatigued during the competition. In turn, this will reduce the stretch, making it more and more difficult to pass the clicker. Consequences - the shooter will lose the tone of the back and will try to pass the clicker with any excessive pull and/or jerk. Besides causing inconsistencies in release, it can also cause shoulder injury and problems with flatness and expansion.

7. Right shoulder

When setting up a shot, the right shoulder should be as low as possible and remain down during the shot.

The right arm and forearm should become one when fully extended. The tip of the elbow should be in line with the arrow or slightly higher when viewed from the side. Seen from behind, the elbow should be in line with the arrow. This will allow you to hold with minimal effort the triangle formed by the left hand, shoulder blades and the tip of the right elbow. This preset option also maximizes the use of bones to support the load.

8. Left hand All leading arrows, with all the variety of styles, have one thing in common - extremely strong

and steady left hands. However, even with strong and steady left hands, no one can keep the front sight in place without moving. As the shooter becomes more experienced, the front sight will move less and less, but it must be recognized that there will always be movement of the front sight. The left hand is the link that transfers the load of the drawn bow to the shoulder, and therefore the most rigid link must be found. Bones and muscles must be positioned biomechanically in the best possible way to transfer this load.

As such, the inner surface of the elbow joint should be vertical, or as vertical as possible. This allows the bones in the hand to align to form their most rigid arrangement. However, some shooters do have a different hand bone structure and therefore the coach must determine the best hand position for these cases. Go back to photo #9. During the shot, the muscles in the forearm should be as relaxed as possible.

9. Grip This alignment of the left hand will also allow the hand to be placed in a natural position.

approximately 45 degrees. The hand must be placed deep into the grip of the bow, so that it will remain in the same position if the hand becomes sweaty or wet from rain.

It is advisable to wrap the overlay with a winding against sweat. This will help the athlete reduce any movement and keep the point of impact accurate from shot to shot. In addition, the pressure direction must be stable. This is extremely important. If the position of the vertical stop point changes from shot to shot, the bow's dynamic leverage also changes. This will cause the arrows to come off up and/or down on the target. Likewise, if the position of the hand changes horizontally, not only will the arrows fly off to the left or right, but it will also prevent the bow from exiting the hand towards the target.

Next, the grip of the bow should rest on the fleshy part of the thumb, but should not touch the life line. The thumb should be pointing towards the target and the fingers should curve naturally around the rubber.

10. Point of contact and position of the wrist As mentioned above, the point of support is extremely important for consistent results. Was found,

that a low wrist position is more forgiving and more stable than a high grip on a high number of shots, as in the 144 shots of the FITA round. It is also biomechanically a tighter grip.

However, it must be recognized that a grip that is too low or too high can cause problems, as there is a greater chance of change in the position of the point of support, especially if the shooter is under competition stress or fatigued when it is more difficult to relax the arm as a whole.

Most of the top shooters nowadays use custom made pads. They vary between high and low grip; The pad should be in close contact with the brush. They are recommended for the Olympic round of 18 and 12 arrows, as they provide a wider and more stable point of contact with the least chance of changing the position of this point. The actual position of the bow handle and the rest area on the left hand should be as indicated in the photo. This position will create the least amount of tension in the arm and is easier to repeat, resulting in more stability.

11. Connection between head position and shoulders The structure of the triangle formed by the two shoulders and the chin is very important for

performance stability. Also, the locations of the point of support, chin, eyes, shoulder blades, elbow of the right hand, fingers on the string, center of gravity and feet should be the same from shot to shot to create stability in execution.

Therefore, it is extremely important that all components of the body are biomechanically the most rigid

structure. This will create a stable position and form the basis for achieving the very important stability of the shot.

IN This chapter covered the basics of building the body and its components into the most rigid structure, before connecting the internal and external forces that will act on this structure during the execution of the shot.

IN In the next chapter, each component of the shot will be explored in detail.

CHAPTER 3 THE SHOT Consistent, accurate shooting is the result of repeating the same shot over and over again. For

an arrow to become stable requires a complete understanding of all the components of the shot.

There are many aspects of a shot, but basically it can be divided into twelve stages.

Taking a position

Arrow loading

Grasping the bowstring and resting on the bow

mood

preset

Tension

Attachment

Transition to hold

Aiming and expanding

Release

Completion

Relaxation and feedback

Stage 1 – Taking Position Once on the line, the shooter must take up the open position recommended in Chapter 2, “Basics

shot”, the right foot is parallel or slightly turned to the line of fire, but not in the opposite direction, the left foot is approximately 30-400 to the line of fire; feet shoulder-width apart and weight distributed 60-70% on toes and 40-30% on heels.

The tip of the lower limb of the bow may rest on the left foot or be in any other preferred position. Whatever this preferred position, it should be consistent from shot to shot.

Then, on a deep Zen1 breath, attention is directed to the goal. When focusing on a goal (also called centering2 ), a slow exhalation visualizes a feeling of tension leaving the body, starting from the top of the head down to the tips of the toes.

1 Zen breathing is diaphragmatic breathing, which is slower and more relaxing than chest (upper) breathing. Diaphragmatic (lower) breathing reduces blood pressure and heart rate, which reduces feelings of anxiety. Breathing will be further discussed in the Advanced Shooting Techniques chapter.

2 Centering is a way of focusing in which the center of mass is perfectly placed, the shooter feels confident and in control, free from distractions and inappropriate thoughts. See also Chapter 8, Mental Preparation.

Step 2 - Loading the Arrow The next step is to take the arrow out of the quiver, place it in the bow and clip it onto the string.

the most convenient way for the shooter.

Step 3 - Grasping the string and resting on the bow The fingers should now be positioned on the string. Even though the choice of finger placement

The bowstring should not be at the first joint of the index and ring fingers, as this may cause the development of an interfering callus. As it should be deeply grasping, little effort is needed

pull up the string.

The shooter must visually check that the position of the fingertip relative to the socket on the string is always the same on every shot, including the position of the fingers on the fingertip. Many shooters place their fingers and fingertip on the string by feel, but visual control of them on each shot is very important.

To be sure of the exact position of the fingers on the fingertip, the use of a bone is highly recommended. It will also allow the fingers in contact with the bone to be more relaxed. If the bone is not used, there will be

a tendency to spread the fingers apart to avoid pinching the shank, which would create tension in the right hand.

At this stage, it is necessary to slightly tighten the bow with a little effort to carefully position the left hand on the handle. The left hand should be relaxed and placed deep/high in the grip, the thumb pointing towards the target as soon as the bow is raised. A slight tension in the thumb is tolerable when this is achieved; with the beginning of drawing the bow, the position of the left hand should not change.

Stage 4 - Adjustment Correct mood, or attitude, along with physical condition, technical and mental

Skill is one of the determining factors in a shooter's performance. This applies to both training and competition. The shooter must relax and focus on the process or any other specific task set for himself during training or competition, such as aiming into the wind. He must not allow any inappropriate thoughts and not react to external distractions.

We explore the competitive mindset in more detail in Chapter 8, "Mental Preparation."

approximately 30% on the index finger, 50% on the middle finger and 20% on the ring finger. However, depending on the size of the hand and fingers, it may differ for the index and ring fingers. The middle finger should always take at least 50% to 60% of the load.

IN When drawing the bow, the distribution of finger pressure is not important.

The legs should be straight and not tense, and the distribution of pressure on the feet should be 60-

70% for socks and 30-40% for heels. The various stances in Tae Kwon Do use the same pressure distribution to provide biomechanically better stability.

Turning the upper body at the waist, the shoulders should line up towards the target. This will create a slight tension in the body below the ribs. The hips do not have to be consciously rotated to achieve the required alignment of the shoulders. The shoulders should lead the hips, not the other way around. There will be some natural turn of the hips towards the target when using the open stance. However, keep in mind that when using the open position, deliberately pivoting the hips in line with the shoulders will create an undesirable

tension in the legs, which should be avoided.

The chest should be covered to achieve a larger gap; squeezing the abdominal muscles and imagining the navel approaching the spine will help with this (in Russian: draw in the stomach without sticking out the chest). It is important to keep the abdominal muscles compressed throughout the shot for greater stability. This will be further discussed in Chapter 6, “Important Technical Points”.

When in the preset position, there is a natural tendency to counteract the weight of the bow by leaning away from the target. This tendency is exacerbated with increasing load during the tensioning process. For this reason, it is recommended to lean slightly forward towards the target, assuming the preset position.

At the same time, the neck and face should be very relaxed. Too much tension in the neck forms a rather rigid connection with the shoulders, creating a strong tendency for the head to move backwards away from the target during the tension.

The arms should be relaxed and there should be a sense of synchronization, connection, and balance between the arms.

Now, looking at the goal, you need to start Zen breathing, and all inappropriate thoughts should leave the brain.

Stage 6 - Pulling Breathing - The bow is lifted on a deep breath using the previously discussed

diaphragmatic breathing techniques.

Right Hand - The string should move back in a straight line from preset to a point about two to three inches below the strike point. The right forearm must remain relaxed throughout the shot. See also Chapter 6, “Important

technical points.

Breathing During Stretching - Inhale while stretching. Inhalation creates a natural feeling of receiving strength, while

exhalation creates a feeling of relaxation.

Right hand - The orientation of the right hand in space should remain unchanged from the beginning of the tension. Any tendency to rotate the brush during application must be rejected. Any rotation will give a torque to the bowstring, which will change the amplitude

bowstring vibrations and arrow flight.

Tension fingers - The right hand and fingers should have a minimum amount of tension. Imagine fingers connected to

elbow with steel chains, which will allow the fingers, hand and forearm to be more relaxed.

Left hand - From the preset at the beginning of the draw, the sight must remain above the horizontal center line of the target, otherwise it would be necessary to raise the left hand to arrive at

aiming point, and this will create additional tension in the left hand.

Left Shoulder - Make sure that the left shoulder stays down during the pulling process. To achieve this, the right paddle must be set back down in preset. This provides a more efficient tension that requires less effort.

Triceps - At the same time, the left arm tricep should be strong and steady as this will allow the arm to be more relaxed and help in suppressing the left shoulder. This hardness should increase as the bow is drawn. If the left arm is extended in this way, it becomes

noticeable V-type descent at the end of the shoulder.

If the arrow is applied to the shoulder blades with the bow fully drawn, it should point to the right side of the target (right-handed shooter).

Step 7 - Attachment With the bow fully drawn, the right hand as a whole should advance to the position

“applying” under the jaw. Attaching is not quite the right word, as it can be interpreted that the bow draws to a stop, but in fact the draw is shifting from an outward movement to an inward movement. Perhaps a better term is reaching a hold transition position.

This position is determined by the correct arrangement of the shoulder blades and the right elbow. The head is just another reference point in the process, acting as a rib.

The tip of the elbow, when viewed from the side, should be in line with the arrow or slightly higher. If the elbow

raised too high, it will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to activate the lower trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles required during the transition phase.

Also, when viewed from above, the right elbow should be in line with the arrow. It would be even better to be a little behind this line, but definitely not ahead of this line.

At the beginning of drawing the bow, the right hand should be set in a position that would allow it to be firmly attached under the chin bone without additional rotation of the right hand.

The right hand must have firm contact with the jaw to create a bone-to-bone connection. This is essential for the stability of the shank relative to the eye. Any rotation of the right hand on the face or lifting of the tip of the right elbow will redistribute the pressure of the fingers on the bowstring and change the dynamics of the shot.

The contact of the string with the chin must be tight to ensure the rigidity of the shot.

Stage 8 - Transition to Hold To enter the hold position, it takes some time

redistribution of tension to the muscles of the lower back. Having arrived in the hold position, attention should now be focused on moving the shoulder blades closer to the spine down along with the right shoulder. It's basically an internal movement,

and there should be no perceptible movement of the string. This does not mean that the tension has stopped, rather it is moving from an outward movement to an inward movement.

If the tension is stopped, more effort will be required to resume it (the law of inertia/acceleration). Not only will this cause fatigue, but it will also lead to a loss of proper back tone. The shooter will then have to engage other muscles in order to pass the clicker with excessive pulling, pushing, or a combination of the two. This will lead to inconsistencies in the release.

8.1 - Breathing At the beginning of the stretch, a deep breath is taken,

creating a natural feeling of receiving power. During the transition to holding slowly

And Exhale in a relaxed manner until the lungs reach their natural state of balance. This exhalation will allow the scope to drop to the "yellow" or other aiming point. Breath must

now be delayed until the shot is completed. Having reached the critical position of holding, attention should be completely concentrated on the muscles of the back. If attention is diverted at this stage, communication with the major back muscles will be lost.

It should be understood that holding is not a stage, but a critical point of transition to aiming

And expansion in the continuous firing process, after all checks and balances have been completed.

Stage 9 - Aiming and Expanding During the hold, our attention was focused inside, but now we must switch

into the so-called “narrow outer focus” (this will be discussed in detail in Chapter 8, “Mental Preparation”), and attention should now be directed to aiming. Aiming should only begin after the transition stage and as soon as we have reached the holding state, and not before. The ideal hold to release time is 1 to 3 seconds for best results.

The subconscious must be allowed to place the fly in the aiming area, and allowed to move freely around. Aiming must be approached without anxiety. Aiming should be considered only as the next stage of the shot, and not a key point.

With a significant concentration of attention, you can control only one element per unit of time. Therefore, if the focus of attention is completely shifted to aiming, communication with the main muscles of the back will be lost. Obviously, aiming requires some mental effort, but this should be done more subconsciously than consciously. When some top shooters are asked “How do you aim?” the answer is the same: “I don't know. This

happens by itself."

IN the expansion process increases the tension in the blades - the movement is very small, can be said to be microscopic. Meanwhile, the left hand continues to move towards the target, helping the left shoulder blade to stay down. This movement of the shoulder blades towards the spine, while relaxing and flattening the chest, together with the continued movement towards the target, will provide enough expansion for the arrow to pass the clicker.

The balance in expansion should be 50/50. Deviation from this ratio will affect the center of mass. When unbalanced, the shooter's body will either lean forward towards the target or, more likely, the stronger pulling right side will tilt the body back away from the target.

IN during this phase attention should be entirely focused on the process of expansion. Any thoughts about fingers on a bowstring or about anything else must be discarded or the connection to the major back muscles will be lost, resulting in improper release.

Step 10 - Release The string must be released by fully relaxing the fingers. The string must be allowed

kick your fingers out of your way. When observing some lead shooters, their fingers on release and during the completion of the shot are in fact in the same position as they were on the bowstring.

Release must be initiated by the primary muscles (trapezius back) and must not be the result of pushing the bow handle with the left hand or pulling with the fingers of the right hand. This is an internal movement of "opening" the chest and "bringing" the shoulder blades together. This happens at the final moment of relaxation of the right hand, when you feel the click of the clicker. The click of the clicker is the stage of the shot that must be felt or felt, but not heard. This can be a difficult concept to grasp. However, if the shooter is waiting for the clicker to release, his attention

switches to the clicker, and the connection with the main muscles is lost again.

Shooters who attempt to release the string by consciously opening their fingers switch their attention from their back to their fingers. Consciously focusing on the fingers to release the string, they stop the continuous movement. This ends with a loss of back tone. It also creates tension in the adductor muscles located in the forearm, which control the opening and closing of the fingers. This is highly biomechanically incorrect as small muscles are used instead of large muscles.

In addition, there is a separate muscle that controls the little finger and is called the "extensor of the little finger." The little finger of the right hand should be relaxed and in the same position from shot to shot. Any change in the position or tension of the finger will affect the tension level of the remaining fingers.

Stage 11 - Completion Completion is part of the release, not a separate movement. Correct back tone

should be controlled one to two seconds after release. Squeezing the shoulder blades for a long time during the completion will help to better feel the tone of the back.

Closing should be a natural response, not an exaggerated one. Exaggerated closing is a sign of a bad release. In most cases, this is the result of a forced action that can affect the center of gravity and, more importantly, the result of the shot. Also forced completion changes the distribution of finger pressure on the bowstring and

affects the descent of the bowstring from the fingers, which leads to unstable results. If completion is natural, the right hand, which should be very

relaxed, will move back and stay in contact with the face, following the jawline for as long as possible. The right hand should be very relaxed. The completion should not be abruptly stopped and should be a smooth and flowing continuous natural movement. The elbow should go, when viewed from behind, naturally ending in a downward movement. The right arm should not drop down to the shoulder as this will cause the elbow to move too far.

UDC: 799.322.2

SOCIOLOGICAL

forecast for the development of sports archery in Russia

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor A.N. Bleer Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor T.V. Baidychenko Master student I.I. Sysoev

Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism (SHOLIF1K), Moscow

SOCIOLOGICAL FORECAST OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS ARCHERY IN RUSSIA

A.N. Bleer, professor, Dr.Hab. T.V. Baydychenko, associate professor, Ph.D.

I.I. Sysoev, master candidate Russian state university of physical culture, sport, youth and tourism (SCOLIPCH), Moscow

Key words: sports archery, factor-determinants of spectacularity and popularity, organizational model of conducting international competition.

Social researches are in great demand in the world of modern sport. The priority direction of sociology of physical culture and sport is to study the factors promoting in full measure achievement of the mass character of sports movement. These factors are of objective and subjective character. It is the first time when archery as a sport is an object of social research in the sphere of physical culture and sport. Availability and mass character of this sport is obviously in many respects depends on the factors directed to development of its spectacularity and popularity.

Fortunately, modern archery in Russia has lost its isolated character and is directing to public thanks to a number of essential changes and additions made by World Archery (WA). The use of the advanced experience of the countries - WA members regarding popularization and increase of spectacularity of archery in Russia is acute and well-timed.

The purpose of the present research was to allocate the factors increasing spectacularity and popularity of sports archery in modern conditions of development of this sport in Russia.

Proceeding from the results of the studies the final of the World Cup in archery is a competition corresponding to all the requirements made to public spectacular-ity and popularization of this sport.

Key words: sports archery, factors that determine entertainment and popularity, organizational model for holding an international competition.

Relevance. Sociological research is in great demand in the world of modern sports. The priority task of the FCS sociology is to study the factors that make it possible to fully achieve the mass character of the physical culture and sports movement. These factors are objective and subjective. Archery as a sport for the first time is the object of sociological research in the field of physical culture and sports. Obviously, the accessibility and mass character of our sport largely depends on the factors aimed at developing its entertainment and popularity. Our work is largely devoted to the study of objective factors presented in the questionnaire (Fig. 1).

Modern archery in Russia, fortunately, has lost its intimacy and is purposefully moving towards mass character thanks to a number of significant changes and additions made by the World Archery Federation. In particular, it is the democratic nature of the competition rules in the sections of requirements for participants and sports facilities; pricing policy for the sale of sports equipment; availability of classes for children and adults; the opportunity to master each of the 6 disciplines of archery to anyone and, finally, the positive role of state authorities in the field of sports and recreation in the development of new regions that popularize archery in Russia. Therefore, from our point of view, the use

best practices of WA member countries in promoting and enhancing the entertainment of archery in Russia is relevant and timely. In particular, the study of such a factor as the organization and holding of the World Cup final in Russia.

Hypothesis. We assumed that the results of a sociological study would help to identify factors aimed at increasing the popularity and entertainment of sports archery in the current conditions of the development of the sport in Russia.

The purpose of the study is to determine the factors that determine the development of sports archery in modern Russia.

Organization of the study. The study was carried out in two stages.

First stage (2010-2011). Analysis of scientific and methodological literature, Internet sources and the study of statistical documents of a sport

made it possible to substantiate the need for a sociological study in the field of activity "sports archery" and to draw up a questionnaire (see Fig. 1).

Second stage (2011-2012). A survey was conducted of 196 people (representatives of 23 sports, work experience in the profession - from 1 to 53 years, age range - from 18 to 73 years) - generalists in the field of physical culture and sports, employees of the following organizations: (Moskomsport), FGBU TsSP, Russian Archery Federation, Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism, Ministry of Sports of Russia, regional archery federations (republics: Buryatia, Tyva, Sakha, Bashkortostan, Trans-Baikal Territory; regions: Yaroslavl , Orlovskaya, Penza, Moscow, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk), as well as employees of MUSSOR No. 1, SDUSHOR No. 9 and DYuSSh No. 58 of Moscow.

For generalists in the field of physical culture and sports. The goal is to identify factors influencing the development and popularization of a sport. Full name_Age_

Place of work_ Work experience

"---Points Factors " "--- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Television 15 17 13 6 21 7 12 17 12 76

Radio 55 33 20 17 23 17 12 6 5 8

Internet 3 4 10 9 22 10 23 27 23 65

Creation of support funds 28 14 17 15 29 14 16 16 14 33

Organization and holding of international competitions 1 5 7 11 23 10 21 24 17 77

Newspapers, magazines 7 13 15 25 38 20 19 27 15 17

The personality of a public leader 8 10 12 11 31 22 28 14 12 48

Sponsors 15 12 10 7 30 15 17 31 15 44

State financial support 7 7 7 7 17 8 15 20 21 87

Fan clubs 35 18 22 15 31 19 15 11 11 19

Others (demonstrations, scientific conferences and congresses, etc.) Own version 20 17 17 19 21 26 16 20 16 24

Note. The survey is conducted under the auspices of RGUFKSMiT (GTSOLIFK) by the Department of T&M of Applied Sports and Extreme Activities. Performer Sysoev I.I. Tel. 8-499-166-54-81

Rice. 1. Sample questionnaire and final data of the survey of respondents

Rice. 2. Dynamics of changes in the number of competitions in the annual calendar of the World Archery Federation (WA)

When processing the received personal data in order to identify the most significant factors affecting the popularity and spectacle of sports in modern Russia, the method of studying preferences (ranking) was used.

For a more detailed description of the results of the survey, the respondents were divided into 3 groups, taking into account the length of service and age range:

1st - work experience less than 5 years, age - less than 20 years.

2nd - work experience from 5 to 15 years, age - from 21 to 37 years.

3rd - work experience from 15 to 50 years, age - from 38 years and older.

The method of sociological modeling was used to designate the key positions in the process of structural transfer of sections of the organizational model for holding major international competitions and demonstrating the possibilities of integrating sports archery in Russia into all areas of FC.

Results of the study and their discussion. An analysis of literature, Internet sources and statistical documents has shown that sport archery in modern Russia is among the sports that require a revision of approaches to increasing popularity and entertainment.

Familiarization with the process of planning, organizing and holding a major international

competitions - the final of the World Cup - confirmed that these competitions meet all the requirements for the entertainment of the sport and its popularization among the general population.

Referring to the data in Fig. 2, it becomes obvious that thanks to the inclusion of a series of competitions - stages and the final of the World Cup - the International Archery Federation not only increased the number of annual starts and additionally attracted countries that became FITA members, but also fulfilled its main goal - it was transformed into the World Archery Federation - World Archery (WA) in 2010

The data presented in table. 1 also confirm the sports principle "from quantity to quality". To date, only 32 athletes participate in the World Cup final (no more than 2 people from a country in one group). However, the ranking of the competitions, the number of leading countries participating in the sport of archery and world-class stars make it possible to fully attract sponsors, partners and the media to them.

The results of the survey, obtained by evaluating the opinions of generalists in the field of physical culture and sports (Table 2), confirmed the correctness of the theoretical justification we have chosen in the approach to the development of sports archery in Russia.

Significant factors that have an impact on the popularization and increase in the entertainment value of sports archery are given below:

In the group with high significance, factors such as:

State financial support (65.3%);

Organization and holding of international competitions (60.2%);

Internet (58.7%);

Television (53.6%).

Despite the difference in age and work experience in the field of physical culture and sports, the respondents were unanimous in determining the first four factors, only the location of the factors in the group differed.

Table 1. Results of the analysis of statistical documents on the stages and finals of the Archery World Cup

Year and venue of the World Cup Finals Total number of participants in the 4 stages of the World Cups Number of participants in the World Cup Finals Number of participating countries in the fin

For further reading of the article, you must purchase the full text. Articles are sent in the format

ZHELEZNYAK Yu.D. - 2011

DIFFERENTIATED INFLUENCE OF THE WARM-UP MASSAGE METHOD ON THE ACCURATE ARCHING

VLASOVA N.A. - 2009

Archery training. The archery section of our website contains information about almost all well-known archery clubs and sections in Moscow and Russia. If you have information about the existence of a section (club) that is not in the list, you can add it. Choose the right place for archery. In most sections, archery classes for children are free. Recruitment of children and adults to the section usually takes place at the beginning of the school year (September), but most coaches continue to accept newcomers throughout the year. In sports schools, as a rule, beginners are given a bow for beginners, arrows and the necessary equipment. In extreme cases, you can buy a bow for shooting in numerous online stores selling bows, crossbows and related products. The cost of a bow for a beginner is about 3 thousand rubles. Join. Just one word of warning: Archery is a very addictive sport, it can drag on, and for a long time ;-)

NEWS section in the world of archery. This section constantly publishes news taking place in shooting sports, the opening of new sections or clubs, competitions, archery tournaments, changes in competition rules, interviews with coaches and archery athletes and much more. You can publish your announcement (article, news) about an upcoming (or past) competition, tournament, or other event. Please indicate the coordinates of the organizers, the date of the event, the place, etc.

Try an exclusive entertainment - archery.

Feel yourself in a different reality, where there is only the tension of the bowstring and the target in the distance, an even arrow and muscle tension in the shoulders. When you aim at a target, you feel the powerful force of the bowstring tension, and then you hear the sound of an arrow cutting through the air and the crack of a target being torn apart. Is this not a passion for achievement?

Sport has invented a special kind of bow made from modern materials, convenient and safe, but requiring specific skills, so archery training is a must.

The specifics of archery

If you do not immediately want to buy, then today in St. Petersburg there are a great many special shooting galleries where no one will leave you, inexperienced, without attention and participation. The instructor will talk about the features of this amazing sport and sports equipment, give instructions and practical advice.

The lesson usually consists of several parts:

• familiarization with safety
• study of the design of a sports bow
• shooting skills training
• training process

In training, you will learn to control behavior, form the correct muscle behavior, and thereby improve your technique and shooting skills. And after this stage, the sweet phase of tactical searches will come! We assure you that one visit may not be enough, not because you will not have time to learn anything. On the contrary, you will learn a lot! Namely, because the excitement of a tactical nature will wake up and you will be waiting for a new opportunity where you can shoot from a bow.

Equipment

There are 3 types of sports bow:

• : wooden bow with wooden arrows, based on English
• Olympic is a construction made of aluminum and plastic with improved characteristics and additional details: sight, stabilizer, counterweights
• Block: a modernized example that arose already in the 20th century, a design similar to a crossbow rather than a classic bow

A wooden bow is a wonderful thing for historical reenactments or role plays! Agree, it would be wonderful to imagine yourself as an epic or historical hero with a wooden bow and ancient arrows, when the bowstring is pulled tight and hits the target - the red eye of a fat partridge with beautiful plumage. Complete victory and delicious dinner!

You will have to try archery of the Olympic design, the aiming accuracy of which will allow you to get a good result - hitting the target - very quickly. The main thing starts later - if necessary, to show the stability of hits and the ability to take into account the speed of the wind, the illumination of the shooting range, the tension of the bowstring, in order to experiment and try new targets.

Try archery, and rich impressions about your achievements and the drive from a quick-firing weapon in your hands will not let you go for a long time. And our store is always ready to offer a wide selection of traditional and compound bows for both beginners and experienced shooters.

Additional material: " ". The article outlines the theory of archery.