Purpose of the lecture: to familiarize students with the general hygiene requirements for the design, construction and operation of sports facilities.

presentation of the material

One of the conditions for the effective and safe performance of any human activity is a certain and sufficient material and technical support, the creation of favorable and necessary conditions to carry out this activity. Effective achievement of high sports results implemented through the use of special sports facilities.

Athletic facilities - these are specialized buildings that provide mass health-improving physical culture classes, educational and training work and sports competitions.

Sports facilities are divided into main, auxiliary And for spectators. The main facilities are intended directly for health-improving physical culture and sports, auxiliary - for servicing people involved in physical education and sports, and participants in the competition (cloakrooms, showers, massage, baths, rooms for judges, premises for administrative, economic, engineering and technical services ). Buildings for spectators include stands, pavilions, foyers, buffets, and bathrooms.

The main structures are distinguished by a wide variety of shapes and sizes, which is associated, first of all, with specific types of physical culture and sports activities. Structural and space-planned solutions of structures are significantly influenced by economic and natural factors.

By prevalence, two groups of basic structures are distinguished: which independent of local conditions ubiquitous (gyms, swimming pool baths, fields and grounds), and facilities, the presence of which depends on local conditions - natural, economic, sports traditions (buildings for water, mountain, winter views sports, equestrian sports, cycling tracks, etc., as well as large demonstration facilities).

All buildings are divided into two groups: open (in air) and closed (premises). Open structures - seasonal: summer and winter. Summer buildings include sports cores for athletics and football: fields and grounds for outdoor and sports games (basketball, volleyball, tennis, football, etc., special and general physical training), For certain types athletics (jumping, throwing, shot put), equestrian sports, roller skating, skateboarding; paths and trails for running, walking, equestrian sports, cycling, athletics and cyclocross; equipped with routes for hiking, horse riding, cycling and water tourism; artificial tracks for skiing, alpine skiing - springboards with artificial turf for ski jumping; cycle tracks; ranges and shooting ranges for bullet shooting and shooting and hunting stands; equipped areas of natural reservoirs for sports and recreational swimming and swimming, varieties of rowing, sailing, water slalom, water skiing and the like; open baths with or without heating water for sports and recreational swimming and bathing, water polo, diving, etc.; artificial channels for rowing and water slalom and the like.

Winter open structures include fields and sites with natural or artificial ice for mass and figure skating skating, bandy, curling and the like; tracks with natural or artificial ice for speed skating; tracks for skiing, skiing, luge, biathlon and the like; ski jumps; artificial tracks for luge and bobsleigh; areas of water areas for boating sports and routes for ski tourism and the like are equipped.

A large part of the open buildings are alternately used for various kinds classes depending on the season, the day of which it is required to change the coating of structures.

According to the nature of use, the main structures are divided into specialized, that is, intended exclusively for one or more related sports, her universal - alternately used in daily and weekly cycles through the transformation of equipment for practicing several sports.

According to the type of application, the main structures can be divided into training And demonstration - sports, designed primarily for competitions. Depending on the scale, sports facilities in the city are divided into micro-district, district, inter-district, citywide, national and international. In addition to general territorial, there are sports facilities at educational institutions (schools, universities, etc.), health camps, sanatoriums and rest homes, departmental and private sports facilities.

Sports facilities must meet certain hygienic requirements that provide optimal conditions for people involved in physical culture and sports. These requirements are regulated by the Ministry of Health and sectoral regulatory and methodological documents.

Hygienic requirements for all sports facilities, regardless of type, normalize the following elements:

The location of the sports facility within the settlement;

The orientation of the sports facility;

transport accessibility;

Planning;

Environmental condition (air, water, lb)

The nature of landscaping and the area of ​​green spaces;

Noise intensity level;

The microclimate of sports facilities (relative temperature and humidity, air velocity).

Since ancient times, mankind has placed special emphasis on sports. For a long time, this was aimed more at developing martial skills than directly maintaining the health of the body, but the result was exactly the same. Now sports facilities are used everywhere, and many states, including the Russian Federation, allocate serious funds for their development. At the heart of the modern doctrine of most countries is concern for the health of fellow citizens. The background may be completely different, but the fact remains: buildings of this type are constantly being built.

What it is

A sports facility is a special building (it can be both open and covered), which is equipped with all the necessary equipment for playing sports and / or holding sports competitions. Depending on the characteristics of a particular site, it can be used both for specific sports, and be universal or multifunctional.

Story

Sports facilities as specialized buildings (or their analogues) began to appear in the Stone Age. Of course, at that time everything was extremely primitive, and at best some kind of canopy was used to protect from the sun and relatively similar stones as sports equipment. A little later, similar buildings began to appear in America. The Indians actively used their sports facilities as places of religious significance. For them, the game of ball or disc was closely connected with current beliefs, which gave what was happening in the "stadium" a special meaning and gathered huge crowds of "fans". At the moment, more than 1300 such structures have already been discovered, and most likely this is far from the limit. In terms of history, Ancient Rome and Greece are next in line. There, sport was closely intertwined with the very idea of ​​​​the existence of society and partly also with religion. So it is not surprising that the Olympic Games were founded precisely in Ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire became famous, among other things, also for its majestic coliseums, where various competitions were held and gladiators fought. After the fall of Rome, sport ceased to be a centralized, state structure, and until the Renaissance, it was practically not remembered.

Classification by purpose

All physical culture and sports facilities can be divided into several groups. One of the most popular is the classification according to the type of purpose of a particular building. There are three main types:

• Health-improving and physical culture. Such buildings are primarily intended for the local population to engage in physical education and outdoor activities. In the overwhelming majority of cases, such facilities are focused on those sports that cannot pose a threat to the participants themselves or others.
• Training and educational. Structures of this type are focused on improving the skills and abilities of those who wish. Typically, such buildings operate on the basis of educational institutions. There are the following types: checkers, chess, equestrian, skating, shooting, bobsleigh, skiing, sailing and rowing. All of them, regardless of whether they are equipped with seats for spectators or not, belong to this classification group.
• Spectacular sports. The last type are special facilities, which are focused primarily on mass sports events, designed to comprehensively cover a particular sport. Such buildings are characterized by the presence of a large number of spectator seats with excellent visibility, as well as convenient evacuation systems. Types of such facilities: autodrome, velodrome, sports palace, stadium.

Feature Classification

In addition to the purpose, such buildings are also divided according to their features:

• Complex. Structures that consist of several separated buildings at once, but united by a common infrastructure or territory. Types: multiplex buildings, playgrounds, swimming pools, sports palaces and stadiums.
• Separate. The complete opposite of all of the above. They are characterized by a narrow specialization in one sport. Kinds: shooting stand, riding arena, cycling track, winter sports facilities, baseball fields, rugby, football and so on.
• Planar. Sports facilities of this type are characterized by the presence of a large amount of flat space. Views: ski slope, skating track, sports field.
• Volumetric. Any building on the premises.
• Embedded. It refers to such sports facilities that are created in premises with a different purpose.
• Separate. Dedicated area for sports.
• Adapted. Created on the basis of other buildings or territories, which up to this point were not focused on sports.
• Specialized. Such structures were originally created with a specific sporting purpose.

Design classification

By design features types of sports facilities are divided into:

• Covered. They are characterized by the presence of a roof over the head of the competitors. Usually built for sports that do not require a lot of free space, but there are also rooms for playing football and other similar sports.
• Open. Any sites not equipped with special shelter from the sun, wind or any adverse weather conditions.

A lot depends on the sport here. In some cases, the creation of indoor areas will not be appropriate, while in others (for example, with winter sports), it will become mandatory.

Structure

When designing sports facilities of any kind and type, there are always three main elements of the structure, which together create the overall appearance of the structure.

• Main. This is exactly the place where sports are held.
• Auxiliary. Locker rooms, showers, administrative, medical and other similar buildings not directly related to the chosen type of sport, but indirectly contributing to the improvement of working conditions or classes.
• Spectators. These are any stands or other options for places for those who want to watch the competition. It also includes other infrastructure options, such as cafes and bathrooms.

Design

In addition to the structure, the following features that are important when designing a structure should also be taken into account:

• The height of the hall, depending on its size and purpose, should be at least 7, but not more than 15 meters (subject to the use of indoor spaces).
• Inside the enclosed space and on the open area of ​​the sports ground, there must be no obstacles, such as columns or poles.
• The requirement for uniform lighting is mandatory. It can be achieved both naturally and artificially, but the general rule is that the competition area itself must be better lit than the spectator stands so that they do not attract much attention to themselves. In some cases (boxing, wrestling, fencing, and so on), additional directional light sources are required.
• Regardless of how the desired level of illumination is achieved, the possibility of dazzling the competitors must be avoided.
• The walls of the building inside must be smooth. No niches or protrusions are allowed. Their texture should be light and easily washed off.
• If necessary, special mounts for portable sports equipment can be provided in the hall, but they must be completely closed and, until they are needed, do not interfere with people in any way.
• Window sills cannot be located lower than at a height of 2.2 meters, and only on one side of the hall.
• The average indoor temperature should not be below 12 degrees, it is undesirable to raise it above 15 degrees.

Control Features

All types of sports facilities can be divided into two categories according to the type of management: private and public. Nothing concrete can be said about the first ones, since the owner has the right to establish any rules of work, as long as they do not contradict the current norms and legislation. Management of sports facilities of the state type as a whole differs little from work with any other buildings. It is necessary to check the structure in a timely manner for the need for scheduled repairs, provide the required equipment, monitor the operation of electricity, water supply and sewerage, organize competitions and / or attract those wishing to play sports. Depending on the type of facility, the sports for which it is oriented, and some other factors, the management features may differ slightly, but in general remain approximately the same.

Technology and sports facilities

The norms of sports facilities are currently focused exclusively on modern sports. However, due to the constant development of technology, new requirements for the operation of such buildings may arise in the near future. Almost everything that is somehow related to sports and can be used to maintain physical fitness already exists in one way or another in the world. In the future, as more advanced technologies in the field of robotics appear, competitions can reach a new level, when a person only controls the machine from afar, and compete with each other in the arena different models robots. Something similar already exists, but so far only in its infancy.

Results

The classification of sports facilities allows them to be divided into groups depending on the type of work and features. For ordinary people, this does not play any role, but it is directly related to the state's ability to build new structures. A clear understanding of where and what types of buildings are present, as well as data on their workload, helps to make decisions about the further development of this direction.

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

TOMSK STATE ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

Department "Design of the architectural environment"

SUMMARY on the topic:

Performed

st-ka gr.536

Garmash I.A.

checked

Levchenko I.I.

Introduction

Fitness (English fitness, from the verb "to fit" - fit, be in good shape) - in a broader sense - this is a general physical fitness human body.

Physical fitness consists of the following elements:

preparedness of the cardiovascular system;

flexibility;

muscle endurance;

power;

development of a sense of balance;

good coordination of movements;

rapidity;

the ratio of muscle to fat tissue in the body.

In biology, the term "fitness" means the individual perfection of an individual, expressed in the success of the transfer of genetic information to descendants. Biological fitness is determined both by the innate characteristics of the individual, and by its physical condition and behavior in specific environmental conditions.

In a narrow sense, fitness is a health-improving technique that allows you to change the shape of the body and its weight and consolidate the achieved result for a long time.

Fitness is the whole science of a healthy lifestyle, helping to develop a willingness to organize your activities in a fickle, changing world. This is a way of life aimed at improving the well-being and physical condition of a person. The fitness system originated in America. This word can be translated from English as “to be in shape”, “to conform to the form”. The concept of “form” is currently considered not only as the physical state of the body, but also as a state of health in general, the level of physical activity, the nutrition system, good habits. Fitness arose and developed as opposed to a huge amount of sedentary work and physical inactivity. In the modern sense, fitness took shape not so long ago and without fail includes physical education and amateur sports, implies special attention to the diet and quality of food, and the rejection of bad habits. Fitness classes, as a rule, radically change a person's idea of ​​his purpose in life, provide an opportunity to make his life healthy, full and interesting. Many people often start doing fitness with one goal - to lose weight. And having got acquainted closer with this system, they understand that fitness is a real philosophy of life. This is not only the removal of fatigue, stress, tension, it is the maintenance of shape and the right way to a great mood.

Design of sports facilities

The construction of sports facilities is a separate area in the work of construction companies, which is receiving special attention today. After all, each new building is not just walls and platforms, it is well-designed buildings equipped with all the most modern technology. That is why the design of sports facilities is so important today.

A modern sports facility is a complex "organism" in which the most complex processes are intertwined and simultaneously going on, continuous work on sports achievements and the health of the nation. But in parallel with this, complex engineering and engineering systems help "sports people" to achieve victories both in regional championships and olympiads, and simply to feel better doing their favorite sport.

A complete sports facility is more than just a building or a playground. This is a meeting place for people – bringing together like-minded people, inspiring communities of athletes and fans, creating an atmosphere of communication. It is a combination of thoughtful concept, planning, technology and design. Understanding this is the key to creating a successful project.

In our country, sport has always been treated with respect, but recently it has turned from an interesting and exciting activity into a fashionable one, with all the ensuing consequences. The sports industry is constantly developing, producing a large number of new materials and technological solutions. It is worth noting the increasing requirements not only for high functional and strength characteristics of structures, but also for design. The following groups of sports facilities can be distinguished:

Universal platforms

Volleyball and basketball courts

Tennis courts

Golf and mini golf courses

Shooting ranges and other facilities for shooting

gyms

Sports grounds

Each of the groups has its own characteristics in the design and construction, but it makes no sense to describe them here, because. they depend both on the specific type of terrain and on the project. It is important to decide on the type of structure and from the many projects and materials provided, choose exactly those that are ideally suited to a particular project. For example, the use of light metal structures allows you to give any geometric shape and number of storeys to structures. On the other hand, if the main idea is the proximity of nature, then almost the same structures can be built using wood-glued arches, which are strong enough and provide additional design options.

Today sport is an integral part of our life. Both sports events of world and national scale, as well as competitions and trainings in which we can directly participate, are gaining more and more popularity every day. That is why the mass construction of sports facilities today is one of the most significant areas of activity of various construction organizations.

However, the need for the construction of sports facilities is still quite high. After all, the main criteria for such premises are not so much the speed of construction as quality, reliability, durability and functionality. Sports facilities should be a rather complex facility, where, along with the usual and durable building materials, complex engineering systems should be used. Also, do not forget about such a component of construction as the cost of the project. And of course, the lower it is, the better it is.

Universal platforms. The main advantage of such a planar structure is its versatility, i.e. a combination of several playing fields: volleyball, basketball, mini-football, badminton, tennis courts, as well as their various combinations.

Tennis courts. Now tennis is not just a sport, but an element of prestige and style. In addition, the attachment to playing tennis is observed both among wealthy citizens and people with low incomes. Therefore, the relevance of this structure is justified. Tennis courts are not only played, but also deals are made and, therefore, the courts must comply with fairly high level. A 36x18 Eurocourt is suitable for very advanced tennis players, and for most intermediate tennis players, a 34x17 or even 32x16 court is quite comfortable. It is not recommended to build smaller courts, because. over time, players will feel certain inconvenience from playing on such a court.

Theater cardio systems

Classes on cardio machines are very popular, but somewhat monotonous. In order to add the necessary variety and somehow occupy attention, simulators are placed in cardio zones, orienting them in one direction, creating rows taking into account the location of those involved in such a way that everyone can clearly see a row or group of TV monitors installed either under the ceiling or on the wall. This location, apparently, caused an association with the theater and gave rise to the name itself - the cardiotheatre.

Attention! Important aspects of designing a cardio zone!

The location of the monitors is the most important aspect when designing a cardiac area. At the same time, it is important to consider not only the height of the monitors, but also how many monitors each student can view with a certain comfort. When building a system with collective monitors, it is highly desirable to ensure that at least two or three monitors are viewed from one place, only in this case the cardiotheater system fully reveals its potential. In this regard, it is obvious that the best solutions are where the monitors form a wall or a strip with minimal gaps between them.

Also, to each simulator, it is necessary to stretch the cables from the rack with the equipment.

Sport halls

The location of sports halls in the city depends on their purpose (whether they are universal or intended only for sports) and on the sports traditions of the country, region or city. It is necessary to provide convenient transport links, sufficient area for car parking, convenient communication with other sports facilities.

Appointment of the hall: if possible, universal (multi-purpose).

The size and shape of the hall. The dimensions of the hall depend on the size of the playing field. A playing field measuring 20 x 40 m is required for the following games: roller hockey, ice hockey, handball, tennis, basketball, volleyball, badminton, volleyball and cycling polo.

A field of this size is also suitable for figure skating, table tennis, boxing, wrestling, fencing, judo, weightlifting, as well as some athletics disciplines (shot put, long jump, high jump and high jump with a pole) and gymnastic exercises.

The height of the hall, depending on its size, can be 7 - 15 m in the clear. The ceiling of the hall most often has an arched shape with an arc rising in the area of ​​​​the maximum height of the ball.

There should be no intermediate internal columns in the hall. An unobstructed view of the entire playing field must be provided along the middle transverse axis.

Natural and artificial lighting. Uniform illumination is required, characterized by the ratio E min / E max, according to DIN 5034 ("Natural lighting"); all types of ball games require soft lighting. The illumination of the seats for spectators should be less so that the playing field stands out. Good general lighting (150 - 200 lux) for boxing, wrestling, gymnastics, table tennis, fencing, etc. should be supplemented by local directional lighting (Fig. 1).

Technical equipment (Fig. 2). For competitions, places for spectators should be provided with a separate, if possible, passage to them. Mobile stands for spectators can be built into wall niches. It is advisable to provide in the middle of the hall, opposite the stands for spectators, a scoreboard indicating the time, a microphone and a lighting control panel.

Rice. 3 - Large and small sports halls at the Darmstadt Higher Technical School: 1 - shell; 2 - small hall; 3 - men's dressing room; 4 - watchman; 5 - vestibule; 6 - teachers' room; 7 - dressing room for boys; 8 - timing, 9 - storage of tracksuits; 10 - engine room; 11 - storage of balls; 12 - storage of cleaning equipment; 13 - large hall

Halls for sports games and gymnastics are located away from the main streets and industrial enterprises (Fig. 3). The direction of the longitudinal axis of the hall is from east to west. The walls of the hall should be smooth, without ledges and niches; the surface of the walls is durable, bright and easy to clean. The wall covering must be acoustically effective, the reverberation time must not exceed 1.8 s. The doors of the hall, if possible, should not be located at the ends; placement of doors along the middle axis, on which there are gates for a number of sports games, is not allowed. Doors in the locked state must be flush with the wall (door fixtures are recessed into the leaf).

For portable gymnastic equipment, fastenings and storage places should be provided (for crossbars, ropes, rings, wall bars, basketball rings, there should be mounting strips in the floor, beams for suspension, etc.). The axes of the projectiles must be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hall:

a) the axis of the racks for the rings runs in the middle of the hall;

b) the axis of the crossbar - at a distance of 6 m from the end wall opposite the entrance; rope axes - at a distance of 4-5 m from the end of the hall.

The area of ​​windows should be 1/5 of the total surface area of ​​the walls. Sports halls should have natural lighting, but not blinding (sun visors, blinds should be provided); it is not allowed to install wide inter-window piers, which are the cause of sharp contrasts in the intensity of illumination. Glazing should be made of safety glass up to a height of 3.5 m from the floor level. Window sills at a height of ≥ 2.2 m can only be installed along one longitudinal side of the hall.

In rooms for physical education, the area of ​​windows should be ≥ 1/3 of the total surface area of ​​the walls.

Estimated temperature: in the hall 12-15°C: in the back rooms 18-22°C.

Scheme of the relative position of the premises in the gym of medium size.

The installation of temporary seats for spectators in indoor sports facilities should exclude the possibility of their overturning or shifting.

In addition to SNiP II-4-79, it is allowed to design without natural lighting: premises, the placement of which is allowed in the basement floors; sports and demonstration and sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks; rooms for instructors and coaches; massage rooms, steam rooms, as well as rooms for dry heat baths; parking spaces, pantry and other similar offices and premises.

In rooms with damp and wet conditions, niches in the outer walls for placing heating devices are not allowed. The exhaust ventilation system from sanitary facilities and smoking rooms may be combined with the exhaust ventilation system from showers.

The removal of air from the halls, with the exception of the halls of the baths of the pools, should, as a rule, be provided by exhaust systems with natural impulse.

In small settlements, residential areas and rural areas, gyms without seats for spectators or with no more than 100 seats are allowed to be designed with natural supply and exhaust ventilation with a single air exchange per hour.

LIST OF PREMISES OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PLACEMENT OF WHICH IS ALLOWED IN THE BASEMENT AND GROUND FLOOR

Basement floors

Boiler rooms; pumping water supply and sewerage; ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control units and other premises for installation and control of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; elevator engine room.

Vestibule with an exit from it to the outside through the first floor; dressing rooms, latrines, washrooms, showers; smoking; dressing rooms; women's personal hygiene cabins.

Storerooms and storage rooms (except for rooms for storing flammable and combustible liquids).

Shooting ranges for bullet shooting; sports halls and premises for training and physical culture and health-improving classes (without stands for spectators); ski storage rooms; billiard rooms; rooms for table tennis, bowling alleys.

Ground floor

All premises, the placement of which is allowed in the basements.

Pass offices, information desks, registries, savings and other cash desks; transport agencies; rooms for discharge of patients; central underwear.

Service and office space.

Swimming pools, indoor artificial ice rinks without stands for spectators.

At least two emergency exits must have basement and basement floors with an area of ​​​​more than 300 sq.m. or intended for the simultaneous stay of more than 15 people.

SPACE-PLANNING AND STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

General requirements

Sports halls and skating rinks, depending on the purpose, can be: specialized or universal; with or without seats for spectators; sports demonstration and sports entertainment. The purpose of the hall (skating rink) is determined in the design assignment

Sports and demonstration and sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks are designed, as a rule, universal: with an arena that can be transformed for alternate holding of competitions in several sports or several types of cultural entertainment or social events.

Seats for spectators

In the facilities intended for holding competitions, seats for spectators are provided in the form of stands or balconies, and in sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks - in the form of stalls.

Tribunes for spectators are designed, as a rule, in stationary structures with seating; in some cases, transformable or collapsible stands are used. Based on the foregoing, the use of the following types of transformable stands can be recommended:

bleachers - tribunes, consisting of sliding telescopic sections;

stalls of the parterre-tribune type.

Both types of such stands have a limited number of rows (usually within 8-10 for seating), and their use in each individual case is determined by the specific nature of their use.

Bleacher tribune, in the form of retractable sections, has a strictly fixed location (attached to the walls of the hall or to a stationary tribune with the first row raised above the arena) and therefore can be of limited use. By extending a different number of separate sections, it is possible to change the capacity of this stand, which may be of practical importance in the operation of the structure.

The stall stand has a great advantage compared to bleachers, as it is mounted on a mobile platform, it can easily move in any direction around the arena, ensuring its transformation required by the project. which is very important when transforming the arena for holding cultural, entertainment and social events (rally, concert, etc.), when it is necessary to have a stalls.

To ensure visual perception of what is happening in the arena, when spectator seats are located on the balcony, it is recommended to place one row of seats on it and one row of places for standing at the rate of 9 spectators per 2 m of the balcony. The balcony is arranged, as a rule, along the longitudinal walls of the hall and preferably so that the projection of the balcony is outside the arena; the balcony should also not interfere with the placement of sports equipment under it.

Stand sizes:

row depth on stationary stands 0.8-0.9 m (on bleachers it can be reduced to 0.75 m);

seat width - 0.45 m;

seating depth on stationary stands - 0.4 m (on bleachers it is allowed to reduce to 0.35 m);

seat height above the floor of the aisle - 0.43 m.

Auxiliary premises

The dressing room is usually not located in a separate room, but is combined with the lobby. In the same rare cases when it is located in a separate room, a free lane is provided in front of the dressing room barrier (along it) at the rate of 0.03 m 2 per place in the dressing room, but the width of the lane should not be less than 1 m. The depth of the dressing room behind the barrier no more than 6 m.

Outerwear of employees is stored, as a rule, at the workplace and is not taken into account in the calculation of the dressing room for those involved (or spectators). With a staff of 40 people. and more places are provided for their outerwear that can be placed in a common dressing room; in these cases, the number of seats is determined in relation to the staffing table and is indicated in the design assignment (Fig. 4, 5).

Rice. 4 - Examples of plans for arranging equipment in the premises of medical rehabilitation centers (m): a - doctor's office (head of the center); b - an office of electro- and phototherapy; c - shower room; d - underwater shower-massage; d - test room with physical activity; e - procedural. 1 - doctor's table; 2 - electrocardiograph; 3 - spirograph; 4 - viewing couch; 5 - bicycle ergometer; 6 - medical cabinet; 7 - phonograph; 8 - couch for electro- and phototherapy; 9 - ultraviolet irradiator; 10 - light-thermal irradiator; 11 - apparatus for UHF therapy; 12 - apparatus for ultrasound therapy; 13 - apparatus for electrical stimulation of the mouse; 14 - short-wave ultraviolet irradiator; 15 - apparatus for treatment with diadynamic currents; 16 - apparatus for magnetotherapy; 17 - drying and exhaust cabinet; 18 - boiler-sterilizer; 19 - control panel hydrotherapy department; 20 - circular shower; 21 - rain shower; 22 - ascending soul; 23 - hygienic shower; 24 - underwater shower-massage bath; 25 - apparatus for underwater shower-massage; 26 - refrigerator; 27 - tool table; 28 - portable screen

Rice. 5 - Examples of blocking the premises of the medical rehabilitation center (m): a - diagram of the block of hydrotherapy premises of the medical rehabilitation center; b - diagram of the block of "dry" premises of the medical rehabilitation center. 1 - shower room; 2 - underwater shower-massage; 3 - dressing room; 4 - dry heat bath chamber; 5 - shower room with bathtub; 6 - rest room; 7 - staff room; 8 - pantry; 9 - doctor's office (head of the center); 10 - procedural; 11 - massage; 12 - an office for carrying out tests with physical activity; 13 - an office of electro- and phototherapy; 14 - room for processing gaskets

Daylight

Light openings along the walls or ceiling to ensure the best uniformity of illumination are recommended to be taken as tape; with double-sided side lighting, it is recommended to place light openings evenly along each of the walls, based on the condition that the areas of light openings in opposite walls can differ by no more than twice (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6 - An example of calculating the natural lighting of the hall in combination with side lighting with overhead

If it is impossible to provide the necessary (calculated) area of ​​​​side lighting, it is provided for its combination with the top one; in this case, the light openings of the upper lighting are placed only above that part of the floor of the hall, the illumination of which is not provided by the side light openings.

In sports halls and choreographic classes, the orientation of light openings with one-sided side lighting is recommended to be taken in areas north of 48 ° north latitude, as a rule, to the southeast, and in areas south of 48 ° north latitude - to the northeast.

When arranging light openings for side lighting from two or more sides, the wall with the largest area of ​​openings should be oriented in areas north of 48 ° north latitude to the southeast, and in areas south of 48 ° north latitude - to the north. In the halls of rinks with artificial ice, regardless of the location area, the orientation of the light openings of one-sided side lighting should be taken to the north.

Protective measures against the glare of the sun's rays should be provided in cases where light openings are at the ends of the field of play or are placed opposite a stationary tribune for spectators.

Premises for physical culture and recreation activities of the population

Premises and halls for sports and recreation activities (with auxiliary premises for their maintenance) can be located in separate buildings for sports and recreation purposes, be part of sports buildings, and also be attached and built into buildings for other purposes (including residential ).

Approximate dimensions and throughput capacity of rooms and halls for various types of sports and recreation activities.

Types of occupations	Dimensions, m		The smallest height to the bottom you-	Throughput, pers.
	length	width	stepping ceiling structures, m
1. Group classes in general physical training (including ball games)	24 18* 18*	12 12* 9*	6 4,8 4,8	25 20 15
2. Rhythmic gymnastics, choreography, women's recreational gymnastics	129	129	3,9 3,9	25 15
3. Table tennis (for 1 table)	6	4	2,7	4
4. Elements of struggle	15 12	9 9	3,9 3,9	15 12
5. Classes using simulators and equipment to develop strength and endurance	Based on 4.5 m 2 for each type of equipment or projectile, but not less than 25 m 2		3,9	1 for each piece of equipment or projectile

In built-in premises and during the reconstruction of existing premises, it is allowed:

changing the dimensions given in this table, but so that the area of ​​​​the hall would be at least 140 m 2, while the throughput is taken at the rate of 11 m 2 per student;

height reduction to 4.2 m.

If there is no hall for general physical training or other premises in the building that allow them to warm up before training on simulators, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room with simulators is taken at the rate of 6 m 2 for each simulator (projectile), but not less than 70 m 2 (for premises, built into residential buildings, this condition does not apply).

The width of the room is at least 3 m.

In built-in premises and during the reconstruction of existing premises, the height, with appropriate sports and technological justification, may be reduced to the height of a building floor.

Note. In cases where the physical culture and health-improving classes indicated in this table are provided for in the project in sports halls or in rooms whose dimensions exceed those given in the table, the throughput capacity for these classes is taken to be 25 people. (one group).

In rooms and halls where ball games are held, protective devices are provided on windows and lighting fixtures. In order to protect those involved from injuries, the inner surface of the walls is provided without protrusions and niches, and in the presence of the latter, it is recommended to place sport equipment or heating appliances that are covered with screens so that their surface is flush with the wall.

The area of ​​​​the vestibule and dressing room for outerwear for those involved is determined according to paragraphs. 3.49 and 3.50 of this Manual, bearing in mind that the area of ​​the vestibule is assumed to be at least 12 m 2, and the area behind the dressing room barrier is at least 6 m 2.

At the premises for physical culture and recreation classes, inventory rooms are provided for the storage of portable equipment and inventory. With rooms for group classes in general physical training (including ball games) with a size of 24x12 m and 18x12 m, the inventory area is recommended to be 18 m 2 (6x3 m), and with a room size of 18x9 m - 15 m 2 (6×2.5 m).

In the case of the use of wall-mounted convertible equipment in these premises, as well as in other premises listed in Table. 18 (except for the room for table tennis), the inventory area is recommended to be 8 m2.

The presence of the premises of the medical rehabilitation center makes it possible for the population to use them on the basis of paid services, and therefore, in the space-planning decision of the structure, it is advisable to take into account the possibility of autonomous use of the premises of the center by the population with a convenient connection with the rest of the main and auxiliary premises.

Direct natural lighting is provided in all the main premises for sports and recreational activities and can, as a rule, be lateral (one-sided or two-sided). The estimated area of ​​light openings is taken within 12-17% of the floor area of ​​the room.

Light openings along the walls to ensure uniformity of illumination are recommended to be taken as tape. When arranging double-sided lighting, it should be borne in mind that the areas of light openings in opposite walls can differ by no more than twice.

EXAMPLES OF PLANS FOR ARRANGEMENT OF EQUIPMENT IN PREMISES FOR PHYSICAL AND IMPROVEMENT CLASSES

On fig. 7-12 examples of floor plans diagrams for various types of physical culture and health-improving classes are given with the arrangement of the necessary equipment.

In rooms with dimensions of 24x12 m and 18x12 m (see Fig. 7), general developmental exercises are planned to be carried out in a space free from gymnastic equipment using simulators and gymnastic walls.

In rooms for group exercises with elements of wrestling (see Fig. 8), the walls adjacent to the mats laid on the floor should have soft upholstery.

For rhythmic gymnastics, choreography and women's health-improving gymnastics, the best room is 12x12 m in size, shown in fig. 9 app. 3 of this Guide. On fig. 3 of this appendix provides a floor plan for these minimum size activities. The platform for the trainer can be provided portable or wall-mounted (folding), and mirrors and choreographic machines are installed permanently.

On fig. 7-9 shows diagrams of plans for arranging equipment in rooms with simulators for the development of various physical qualities. At the same time, in Fig. 7 and 8 in the rooms of the same size, simulators of different composition are installed.

Rice. 7 - Schemes of plans for rooms with dimensions of 24x12 m and 18x12 m for group classes in general physical training on wall-mounted transformable gymnastic equipment and simulators (dimensions in centimeters)

Rice. 8 - Schemes of plans for rooms with dimensions of 15´9 m and 12´9 m for group exercises with wrestling elements (dimensions in centimeters)

Rice. 9 - Scheme of the layout of the room with a size of 9x9 m for group classes in rhythmic gymnastics, choreography and women's recreational gymnastics(dimensions in centimeters)

Rice. 10 - Plans of rooms with dimensions of 12x12 m and 12x9 m with the arrangement of simulators in them (dimensions in centimeters)

Fig. 11 - Plan of a room measuring 9x9 m with the arrangement of simulators in it (dimensions in centimeters)

Rice. 12 - Plan of the room measuring 9x9 m with the placement of simulators from the KAP-2 set in it (dimensions in centimeters)

Indoor skating center in Krylatskoye

The main purpose of the design of the KKC was the creation of an artificial ice field, which makes it possible to conduct year-round training of speed skaters at the level of the highest world requirements, as well as to hold competitions up to world championships or Olympic Games speed skating. The Indoor Skating Center (KKC) in Krylatskoye is the first indoor skating rink in Russia with a 400-meter running ice track. KCC is a 2-6-storey semi-circular building in plan. This form made it possible to arrange the main tribune for 6,000 spectators from the most spectacular side - at the finish line. The large-span cover over the Arena and the stands (117 m in the radial direction) is designed in the form of two rows of fan-shaped divergent wood-metal trusses, resting on the reinforced concrete shaft of the base of the main support, on reinforced concrete columns along the perimeter and suspended by steel cables to the L-shaped pylon (total height 70 m ) with braces embedded in the foundation. The facades are clad with silver Alucobond cassettes and white Minerite panels. Canopies over galleries made of polycarbonate in three shades of blue.

Ice Palace of Sports on Khodynskoye Pole

The Ice Palace of Sports is located in a significant place in the Khodynka field: on the one hand, it completes the left flank of the extended panorama of the parterre building in the south, and on the other, it closes the perspective of the runway in the east. The volumetric and spatial solution of the Ice Palace building logically follows from the general urban planning solution of the quarter - the passages to it through the quarter are picked up by wide ramps, spirally encircling the cylinder (120 meters in diameter and more than 40 meters high) of the main volume of the palace building and raising spectators to the upper levels, where, starting from the second floor, vestibules and foyers were designed. The direction of movement of the entrance ramps is repeated by light-transmitting canopies above them, which, in turn, turn into a canopy of the roof of the building. The main building has 9 above-ground floors and a basement. The Ice Palace is designed for training sessions and competitions in hockey, figure skating, other sports (basketball, boxing, tennis, gymnastics), as well as for variety performances.

Multifunctional sports and entertainment complex with apartments "City of Yachts" (Nikolai Lyzlov). The site allocated for the construction of a multifunctional sports and entertainment complex with apartments is located between the Leningradskoye highway and the shore of the Khimki reservoir, to the north of the territory of the Lebed microdistrict. The site goes directly to the shore of the reservoir, in connection with which it is planned to build an embankment. The plot area is 1.618 hectares. The entrance to the building is supposed to be organized from the Leningrad highway. The landscaped territory of the complex descends in a cascade of three ledges from the building line of the Leningradskoye highway to the shore of the Khimki reservoir, and continues with the harbor facilities for small sports and pleasure boats overlooking the water area. The main part of the landscaped area is located above the underground structures of the parking garage. The landscaping of the territory involves planting a large number of plants, not only at the level of the earth's surface, but also on the roofs of buildings. On the site there is a guest parking lot for 60 cars, in the underground level of the building there is a parking lot for 600 cars.

The projected multifunctional sports and entertainment complex consists of three separate buildings united by a single basement of the underground part. In the underground part of the structure, which has two levels, there is a parking garage, divided into three fire blocks, with two hundred cars each.

The longest of the buildings - building "1" - has a variable number of floors (8 - 13 floors). The first and ground floors of the building are occupied by the vestibule groups of the apartments. The part of the building overlooking the reservoir includes the premises of a spa, a fitness club with swimming pools, a children's entertainment center, a restaurant, snack bars and fruit bars. Above - through the technical floor there are apartments with an apartment layout.

Above the floors of the apartments, on the roof of the building there are five two-story penthouses.

The main functional content of building "2" of the projected complex is the hotel premises with 100 rooms.

The first floor of the building is occupied by premises for technical purposes and trade, on the second floor there are auxiliary purposes and a hotel restaurant, on the third - fifth floors there are hotel rooms.

Building "3" consists of eight semi-detached three-story townhouses. The first floors are occupied by vestibule groups, above - living quarters.

Facing the water, the western part of the first floors of the complex will be filled with fitness center premises.

The main (“1”) building of the facility will have a not entirely built-up first floor, remaining transparent to the flow of people moving along the shore of the reservoir.

Sports complex of the tennis center on the Leningrad highway. (Vladimir Plotkin). The location of the complex in the water protection zone of the Khimki reservoir determined the nature of the design solution, which involves minimizing the visual impact on the environment. The 4-level building of the tennis center is buried in the ground, leaving the surface with an exploited green roof, which has a slight slope.

University of Cincinnati Student Recreation Center

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Neelov V.A. Civil buildings. VS, 1987.

2. Architecture of civil and industrial buildings. Civil buildings. Stroyizdat. 1993.

3. Maklakova T.G. Architecture of the 20th century: tutorial for the university. 2001.

4. SNiP 2.08.02-89 (public buildings).

5. Annex to SNiP 2.08.02-89 Sports facilities.

6. http://architektonika.ru/

7. http://archi.ru/

8. http://www.id4.ru/

9. http://www.archip.ru/ru/

One of the conditions for the effective and safe performance of any human activity is a certain and sufficient material and technical support, the creation of certain and necessary conditions for the implementation of any activity. This is achieved with the help of special sports facilities.

^ sports facility - This is a specialized facility that provides mass health-improving physical culture classes, educational and training work and sports competitions.

Sports facilities are divided into main, auxiliary and facilities for spectators. The main facilities are intended directly for physical culture and sports, auxiliary facilities - for servicing athletes and participants in competitions (cloakrooms, showers, massage rooms, baths, judges' rooms, premises for administrative, economic, engineering and technical services).

Facilities for spectators include: stands, pavilions, foyers, buffets, bathrooms.

Depending on the functional purpose, separate (for one sport) and complex structures (several structures united territorially) are distinguished. Depending on the scale, sports facilities in the city are divided into micro-district, district, inter-district, citywide, republican and central. In addition to general territorial facilities, there are sports facilities at schools, educational institutions, health camps, sanatoriums and rest homes, departmental sports facilities.

The composition of individual sports facilities and their complexes, as well as the number of places for spectators in them, are established depending on the population living in a particular settlement, the importance of a sports facility in the physical culture and sports services for the population.

The main element of the stadium structure is the sports core (football field with stands for spectators, treadmill and sectors for athletics). The complex facilities include the school sports ground, which also includes a school sports core with benches for spectators.

Sports facilities must meet certain hygienic requirements that provide optimal conditions for people involved in physical culture and sports. These requirements are regulated by the relevant construction and sanitary norms and rules of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, sectoral regulatory and methodological documents of the State Committee for Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism.

Hygienic requirements for all sports facilities, regardless of their type, normalize the following elements:

The location of sports facilities within the boundaries of the settlement;

Orientation of sports facilities;

transport accessibility;

layout;

The state of the environment (air, water, soil);

The nature of landscaping and the area of ​​green spaces;

Noise intensity level;

The microclimate of sports facilities (relative temperature and humidity, air velocity).
^

Basic hygiene requirements for the location, orientation and layout of sports facilities

Sports facilities are built on the windward side (taking into account the wind rose) from industrial and residential facilities that pollute the air (industrial enterprises, major highways, landfills) at a distance established for each facility that pollutes the air (sanitary protection zone).

Particular attention in the construction of sports facilities is given to the choice of building site, assessment of the nature of the soil on it. Soil pollution should not reach the degree at which its ability to self-purify and mineralize the organic substances contained in it is lost. The groundwater level at the proposed site for the construction of sports facilities should be below 0.7 m of the surface of outdoor sports facilities or their lowest part, for example, a pool bath.

When designing sports facilities, the climatic conditions of the region of future construction are taken into account. In the southern regions, training halls and utility rooms of sports facilities are best located in separate pavilions. This allows for better through ventilation of sports facilities, to avoid overheating of the air in them.

In the northern regions, it is better to have sports facilities with a long axis along the prevailing wind direction. However, it is undesirable to place windows on the windward side, as this can lead to a significant decrease in air temperature in sports facilities during strong winds. On the windward side, it is better to allocate rooms intended for their maintenance.
^

Basic hygiene requirements for building materials

The following basic hygienic requirements are imposed on building materials used in the construction of sports facilities:

Low thermal conductivity;

Low sound conductivity;

Low hygroscopicity;

Sufficient breathability.

Based on these requirements, the main building materials for the construction of walls and floors of sports facilities, various finishing and facing materials are selected.

In the construction of sports facilities, reinforced concrete and brick are most widely used, and polymeric materials are used for interior decoration and cladding. Their choice is due to the fact that they have good sound and thermal insulation properties, and are convenient for cleaning.

For floors in sports halls, wooden coatings are used, in locker rooms, wardrobes, pantry, massage rooms, corridors - linoleum, which has good thermal insulation qualities. This coating allows you to systematically carry out wet cleaning of floors with the help of cleaning machines. It is allowed to use linoleum in gyms. In rooms requiring good waterproofing (showers, toilets, bathrooms), the floor is covered with ceramic tiles.

In athletics and football arenas and indoor stadiums, coatings made of synthetic materials with high resilience and elasticity are widely used.

The walls of sports halls are painted with paints and varnishes to a height of at least 1.8 m. This greatly facilitates wet cleaning. For painting the walls of sports facilities, paints of predominantly light colors with a matte surface, which do not give glare, are used.

The choice of specific finishing materials used in the construction of sports facilities is based on the following basic hygiene requirements. They should be:

Harmless to human health;

Durable enough;

With high heat, sound and waterproofing properties;

Convenient for cleaning.

^ Transport accessibility of sports facilities. Convenient access roads should lead to them, and the distance to a public transport stop should not exceed 500 m.

^ The nature of the landscaping of sports facilities and the area of ​​green spaces. Green spaces reduce air pollution in sports facilities by 40-60% in summer and 10-15% in winter, and protect them from the wind. In accordance with hygienic norms and rules, the width of green spaces along the perimeter of the land plot must be at least 10 m. In this case, such types of trees and shrubs are used that have good dust protection ability.

^ Orientation of sports facilities. When building sports facilities, their orientation to the cardinal points must be taken into account. The amount of solar radiation entering through the windows into individual rooms of sports facilities depends on this.

The orientation of windows of sports facilities to the south and southeast, the location of the long axis of the indoor sports facility from east to west or from northeast to southwest are considered to be hygienically optimal. For the southern regions, the most hygienically unfavorable is the orientation of the windows of sports facilities to the west or southwest, as this leads to overheating of the premises by the sun's rays during the hot time of the day.

When orienting sports facilities to the cardinal points, the blinding effect of direct sunlight is also taken into account. Therefore, the playgrounds for sports games, as well as the sports core of the stadium, are oriented along the longitudinal axes in the north-south direction with a permissible deviation of not more than 20 °. Places for shot put, discus, hammer, javelin throw are oriented to the north, northeast or east.

Side light openings of sports halls, indoor skating rinks and halls of pool baths with one-sided natural lighting are oriented to the southeast in the central and northern regions, and when light openings are arranged in sports halls from two sides, the wall with the largest area of ​​light openings in the central and northern regions oriented to the southeast, in the south - to the north.
^

Basic hygienic requirements for lighting sports facilities

In many sports, the training and sports activities of athletes are accompanied by a significant tension in their visual analyzer, especially its peripheral link - the eye. A sharp overwork of the eyes can occur in them with insufficient or irrational lighting, which leads to a decrease in special sports performance, being, in turn, one of the causes of sports injuries.

Sports facilities use natural and artificial lighting. Lighting of sports facilities must meet the following basic hygienic requirements, namely:

Sufficient in level, uniform, without gloss;

The spectrum of artificial lighting should approach daylight;

Artificial lighting should be uniform, flicker-free.

The unit of illumination is lux (lx) - the illumination of 1 m 2 of the surface on which the luminous flux of 1 lumen (a unit of luminous flux) falls and is evenly distributed. Direct natural lighting should have sports halls, halls of swimming pools, indoor skating rinks, doctor's offices, service rooms (Table 50).

Table 50

^ The value of the coefficient for calculating the area of ​​light openings

Purpose of the premises	Coefficient value
	With side lighting		With overhead lighting
	Unilateral	bilateral	skylights	Other types of lanterns
Sports halls for athletics and sports games	0,2-0,22	0,17-0,18	0,12-0,13	0,14-0,15
Halls of indoor pool baths, including rowing	0,14-0,15	0,12-0,13	0,08-0,09	0,10-0,11
Halls of indoor skating rinks with artificial ice	0,12-0,13	0,10-0,11	0,07-0,08	0,08-0,09

The main indicator of the real level of natural lighting of a sports facility is the coefficient of natural illumination (KEO).

The coefficient of natural illumination is the ratio of the illumination of a sports facility at a particular point to the level of outdoor illumination, expressed as a percentage.

^ Natural lighting of sports facilities. Its source is the sun's rays. The level of natural lighting of sports facilities depends on their orientation, arrangement and area of ​​windows, quality and cleanliness of window glass. The optimal height of the upper edge of the windows from the ceiling of the room, providing the deepest penetration of sunlight into the sports room, is a distance of 15-30 cm. Window sills should be located at least 0.75-0.9 m from the floor of the room. In sports halls, window openings are placed in the longitudinal walls, with window sills at a level not lower than 2 m from the floor. In sports halls, side lighting is provided only in one of the walls, while its western and south-western orientation is not allowed.

Another of the indicators of illumination of sports facilities widely used in hygienic practice is the light coefficient. This is the ratio of the total window area to the total floor area of ​​the sports facility. The light coefficient is expressed as a fraction, in the numerator of which is the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bwindows (without frames and window covers) (m 2), in the denominator - the total floor area (m 2).

For sports halls, the light coefficient is at least 1/6, for swimming pools - 1/5-1/6, locker rooms, showers - 1/10-1/11.

^ Artificial lighting of sports facilities. For this, fluorescent lamps are used.

Compared to incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps have the following main advantages:

Their light spectrum is much closer to the sun than that of incandescent lamps;

They give a "softer", diffused and uniform light with an almost complete absence of shadows and glare on the illuminated surface;

Their brightness is many times less than that of incandescent lamps (this allows them to be used in sports facilities without lampshades).

In accordance with hygienic standards, the pulsation coefficient of the level of illumination on flat structures for sports games should not exceed 15%, tennis and hockey - no more than 10%, athletics, skating and figure skating - no more than 20%.

The illumination of sports facilities is assessed in horizontal, and in some sports facilities in vertical planes. The minimum level of horizontal illumination of sports halls, in swimming pools (on the surface of the floor of the hall and the water surface of the pool) should be at least 150 and 50 lux, respectively, in sports arenas - at least 1000 lux, in stands for spectators - 500 lux.
^

Basic hygiene requirements for heating and ventilation of sports facilities

For various sports facilities, in accordance with their functional purpose and with the specifics of the sport and the nature of sports training associated with this, the age-sex functional, psychophysiological and qualification differences of those involved, their own hygienic standards for air temperature have been established.

Optimal microclimatic conditions in indoor sports facilities are created with the help of heating and ventilation systems.

In sports facilities, as a rule, central heating is used (water, steam or air).

Basic hygienic requirements for the heating system of sports facilities. It should allow:

Maintain the desired uniform air temperature in separate rooms for any fluctuations in the outside air temperature;

Maintain the required air quality.

The heating system of sports facilities must provide them with a certain temperature even in the coldest weather for the area. The value of hygienically optimal temperatures for various sports facilities also depends on the possible number of spectators present. For example, the optimal air temperature for sports halls in the absence of seats for spectators is 15 ° C, for indoor skating rinks - 14 ° C, for the firing zone of indoor shooting ranges - 18 ° C.

In sports halls with a capacity of up to 800 spectators, the air temperature for the cold period of the year should be 18 ° C and no more than 3 ° C higher than this temperature in the warm period of the year. In halls with a capacity of more than 800 spectators, the design temperature in the cold period of the year is 18 ° C, in the warm season - no higher than 25 ° C. The design temperature for locker rooms and showers, sanitary facilities - 25 ° C, sports and recreation facilities - at least 18 ° C.

Microclimatic conditions in sports facilities largely depend on the relative humidity and mobility (speed) of the air. The hygienically optimal relative humidity in sports facilities is 40-45% in the cold season, and 50-55% in the warm season. In a sports facility, in the areas where trainees are located, air mobility should be no more than 0.3 m / s, in sports halls for wrestling, table tennis and indoor skating rinks - no more than 0.5 m / s. These requirements are best met by low-pressure water heating.

In sports halls, heating radiators must be covered with protective grilles that are in the same plane with the wall.

In swimming pools, it is recommended to use air heating, as the heated air supplied through the heating system has a low humidity, which simultaneously reduces the relative humidity in the bath room.

For the timely removal of excess heat, moisture and harmful gaseous air pollutants resulting from the activities of athletes and spectators, sports facilities are equipped with special ventilation systems, natural and artificial.

The efficiency of ventilation systems in sports facilities, their ability to ensure the maintenance of clean air in the premises is assessed by providing for each student or fan the required volume of air (air cube) and its regular replacement with outside air.

In accordance with hygienic requirements in sports halls, the air cube is 30 m 3, the ventilation volume is 90 m 3 per person per hour. In other words, such a capacity of ventilation systems is required, which could provide at least three air exchanges in them per hour. For example, in sports halls, in the halls of baths of indoor pools for air exchange, it is planned to supply at least 80 m 3 of outdoor air per hour per student and 20 m 3 per visual seat.

^ Natural ventilation. In sports facilities, it is carried out due to air infiltration, which occurs due to differences in the values ​​of the outdoor air temperature and the air temperature inside the premises. The greater the difference (difference) in the temperature inside and outside the premises, the higher the intensity of air infiltration. But even under optimal conditions, it is able to provide only 0.5 times the air exchange in indoor sports facilities per hour. In the absence of artificial ventilation, indoor sports facilities are ventilated mainly through vents and transoms. From a hygienic point of view, transoms are more appropriate, since through them the air first enters the upper zone of sports facilities, warms up there, and then the already heated air enters the breathing zone of visitors to sports facilities or athletes . This ensures the protection of those involved from possible colds. In accordance with hygiene standards, the total area of ​​transoms in sports facilities should be at least 1/50 of the total area of ​​their floor.

^ Artificial ventilation system. An artificial ventilation system is called such a ventilation system in which air moves both inside and out of the sports room with the help of various fans.

Local and central artificial ventilation is allocated. Local is designed to ventilate the air in only one room. For example, in windows or wall openings, preferably in the corner farthest from the door, a fan is installed, with the help of which air is either removed (exhaust) from the room or supplied (inflow) into it.

Central artificial ventilation is a complex of special structures and technical devices that provide air to the entire indoor sports facility. It can be supply, exhaust or supply and exhaust. The supply and exhaust ventilation in sports facilities is usually arranged according to the following scheme, the outside air enters the supply chamber with the help of a fan, in which it is mechanically cleaned of dust particles, and in cold weather it is also heated and fed through the ventilation ducts into the premises.

To remove polluted air, a network of exhaust ducts is equipped. They are discharged into a common collector on the ceiling of sports facilities, and the air is already removed from it using a powerful fan. From a hygienic point of view, gym it is more expedient to place the supply and exhaust openings of artificial ventilation on opposite end walls. This solution eliminates the formation of stagnant zones of polluted air in individual rooms. The best option for artificial ventilation in sports facilities is supply and exhaust ventilation. In them, it is usually equipped with some predominance of air flow. In some rooms (showers, bathrooms) only artificial exhaust ventilation is equipped, in them it must provide at least 10-fold air exchange, in sanitary facilities - 100 m 3 / h of air exhaust per 1 toilet bowl or urinal. The ventilation systems of the main and auxiliary premises should be separate.

The modern and hygienically most acceptable system of artificial ventilation of sports facilities is air conditioning. It automatically maintains for a sufficient time the specified optimal parameters of the air environment - temperature, relative humidity, speed of movement (mobility) and air purity. The air entering the air conditioner is heated or cooled, dehumidified or, conversely, humidified, cleaned of dust and bacteria, and supplied to the room at a predetermined rate.
^

Basic hygienic requirements for open water bodies

In an open reservoir, a place for a pool is selected taking into account the same hygiene requirements as for other outdoor sports facilities (remoteness from the main sources of air and soil pollution, noise, the presence and sufficient area of ​​green spaces, convenient access roads). Additionally, the hygienic condition of the water and the shores of an open reservoir, the speed of movement of water in it are taken into account.

Open natural pools are best placed on rivers that have a great ability to self-purify water. In lakes and ponds, pools are arranged only if they are not polluted by domestic and industrial wastewater; they do not bathe cattle, do not wash clothes, etc. Natural pools are located at a distance of 200-250 m upstream from pollution sources (drainage, moorings, etc.). This allows you to protect against possible ingress into them with the help of wind or waves of various contaminants. In accordance with hygienic norms and rules, there should be no visible pollution on the surface of the water of open natural pools. The transparency of the water should allow you to see a white circle with a diameter of 20 cm at a depth of 4 m. The bottom of the reservoir on which the pool is located should be clean, preferably sandy, gently descending, with a clean bottom (no snags, piles, holes). The depth of natural pools for sports swimming is recommended to be at least 1.7 m; for diving from a height of 5 m - 3.8 m; from a height of 10 m - 4.5 m.

Pools should be located on the sunny side of the pond. The long axis of the pool should be directed along the river, and the jumping tower should be located on the end side of the pool located upstream of the water of the reservoir, the starting tables - on the opposite side.
^

Basic hygiene requirements for artificial pools

Indoor artificial pools are the most complex and expensive sports facilities for year-round training in any climatic and geographical zone of the country.

When choosing a site for the construction of an artificial pool, they are guided by sanitary and hygienic requirements similar to the requirements for a land plot for the construction of outdoor sports facilities of other types remoteness from sources of air pollution and noise; the presence and sufficient area of ​​green spaces around the perimeter of the structure and on the territory of the site. The groundwater level at the construction site of an artificial pool must be at least 0.7 m below the lowest point of the pool. Artificial pools are equipped with a special water change and purification system. For the construction of pool baths, various types of concrete are used. The inner surface of the walls of the pool baths is covered with a layer of waterproofing (plaster, tile).

Constant forced circulation of water in the pool through various filters, disinfection and heating systems allows you to maintain the state of the water that meets hygienic requirements.

The most common and cheapest way to disinfect water is chlorination. The level of residual chlorine in the water of the artificial pool must be at least 0.2-0.4 mg / l

However, such a dose of residual chlorine has an irritating effect on the conjunctiva of the eye. Special goggles are used to protect the eyes. Residual chlorine contained in the pool water also has a slight bactericidal (killing bacteria) effect on the microflora of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. This to some extent may reduce the risk of respiratory diseases.

Other means are also used to disinfect pool water, such as ultraviolet irradiation, ozonation, chemicals (copper sulfate).

The length of the pool baths can be 25 m (small) and 50 m (large), width - 10, 12, 15, 21 and 25 m, track width - not less than 2.25 m.

WITH inside the pool bath is tiled. Along the walls at the level of the water surface, special gutters are equipped to drain the surface contaminated water layer into the sewer. Heated paths 1.5 - 2 m wide and with a temperature of 28 - 31 ° C are equipped along the perimeter. The stands for spectators are separated from the tracks by a special barrier.

The temperature of the water in the pools is standardized. For example, for swimming, it should be 26-27 ° C; for diving and playing water polo - 28 ° C.

The transparency of the pool water is also regulated. The level of transparency should be such that a white disk 20 cm in diameter can be seen anywhere on the bottom.

The luminous coefficient of the pool hall must be at least 1/6, the artificial lighting level must be at least 150 lux, and in the diving pools, the vertical lighting level cannot be less than 75 lux. The air temperature in the pool hall should be 26-27 ° C, the air speed - up to 0.2 m / s; the power of supply and exhaust ventilation in the pool hall should provide at least 2-2.5-fold change of air in the room per hour. Auxiliary premises of the pool should be located in a strictly defined sequence: first, a wardrobe for outerwear, then changing rooms with a toilet, and only then - showers. Foot baths are equipped before direct access to the hall.
^

Basic hygienic requirements for sports and health facilities

Sports and health facilities must meet the general hygienic requirements for all sports facilities. The place for their placement is chosen taking into account the same hygienic requirements as for other outdoor sports facilities (remoteness from the main sources of air and soil pollution, noise, the presence and sufficient area of ​​green spaces, the availability of convenient access roads).

The place for the future construction of sports and recreation facilities is allocated on the windward side from the main air pollutants (industrial enterprises, highways, etc.). The sanitary zone between them and industrial facilities should be at least 1000 m. Sports and recreation facilities should have specially equipped parking lots. There are several types of sports and health facilities. The most common types of structures intended for short-term stay of students are forest parks and beaches.

Forest park. This is a well-maintained forest with a certain landscape-planning structure, intended for free short-term active recreation of the population. On the territory of the forest park, areas are allocated for active (swimming, sport games) and passive recreation. For active recreation, the territory of the forest park is allocated at the rate of 100-130 m 2 per one vacationer with a total area of ​​600-900 m 2. The distance between active and passive recreation areas should not be less than 280-300 m.

Beaches. In accordance with hygienic norms and rules, the beach is equipped based on the normalized size of the beach area per one vacationer. On sea beaches, the area per one vacationer should be at least 5 m 2, river and lake - at least 8 m 2. To prevent pollution from entering the beaches, they are located upstream from the main sources of water pollution, at a considerable distance from the berths of ships, places of wastewater discharge.

For example, sea beaches are located at a distance of at least 1000 m from port facilities. Regardless of their type, the beaches are divided into certain functional areas: services (entrance, wardrobes, cafes, buffets, first-aid posts, rental office); recreation (park and coastal parts of the beach); sports (with playgrounds); children's; bathing. Forest parks and beaches should have a sufficient level of sanitary improvement.

Of great hygienic importance is the accessibility or remoteness of sports and recreation facilities from the places of residence of the population. The time spent on the road from home to the sports and recreation facility, and the duration of the lesson itself, should be in a ratio of at least 1: 6.

Sports and health facilities for the population of cities and urban-type settlements are divided into micro-district, district, inter-district and citywide.

Microdistrict sports and health facilities should have a service radius of no more than 400-500 m. They consist of a complex gymnastics and athletics ground, a volleyball, basketball, and table tennis ground.

District sports and health facilities are located within a 20-minute walk from the most remote residential area of ​​the area. They are designed to serve the population of the residential area of ​​the city. In addition to the sports core and sports and playgrounds, they may include a general physical training area, a gym.

IN winter time on the territory of sports and recreation facilities, fields for hockey and skating are being equipped.

Citywide sports and recreation facilities are designed to serve the population of the entire city, taking into account optimal transport accessibility within no more than 30 minutes. They may include skiing, skiing, rowing, water-motor bases, car and motorcycle clubs, etc.

Physical culture and sports facilities of the district and inter-district, city centers are equipped with places for spectators.

In rural areas, the facilities of the district center are located within a 120-minute transport accessibility from the main places of residence of the residents of the district. They may also include an indoor pool.

Outdoor and indoor baths for recreational swimming, bathing, general developmental exercises and games on the water, as well as for teaching non-swimmers, can be equipped in separate buildings, in sports pool buildings, can be attached or built into other buildings.

The capacity of the pool bath for recreational swimming is determined at the rate of 5.5 m 2 of the water surface area per person (with the size of the pool bath 25x11 and the depth in the shallow part - at least 1.2 m, and in the deep part - at least 1.45 m ). Bathtubs for learning to swim should have dimensions of 10x6 m (with a depth of 0.9 to 1.25 m) at the rate of 20 m 2 of water surface area per student.

^ Control questions and tasks

1. What are the basic hygiene requirements for all sports facilities?

2. List the basic hygiene requirements for the location, orientation and layout of sports facilities.

3. What are the main hygienic requirements for the lighting of sports facilities?

4. List the hygienic requirements for natural lighting of sports facilities.

5. What are the hygienic requirements for artificial lighting of sports facilities?

6. What are the main hygienic requirements for the ventilation of sports facilities?

7. What are the main hygienic requirements for open water bodies?

8. What are the main hygienic requirements for artificial pools?

current

METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS

TYPOLOGICAL BASES FOR STRUCTURES DESIGN
DEVELOPING AND NON-TRADITIONAL SPORTS

Foreword

1. DEVELOPED by State Unitary Enterprise MNIIP "Mosproekt-4" of the Moscow Committee for Architecture (architect Emelyanova I.A., Shabaidash A.A.)

2. Prepared for publication by the Department of Perspective Design and Standards of the Moscow Committee for Architecture (architect Shalov L.A., engineer Shchipanov Yu.B.).

3. AGREED with the Committee physical education and sports of Moscow and the Moscow Committee for Architecture.

4. APPROVED by the indication of the Moscow Architecture Committee of 06/09/2001, N 28.

Introduction

Introduction

The development of the field of physical culture and sports is associated with a constant increase in its species diversity, the emergence of new types of physical culture and sports activities, the growing popularity of traditional sports, updating the list of sports and disciplines included in the programs of the Winter and Summer Olympic Games.

The task of improving the system of physical culture and sports services for the population of Moscow makes it necessary to expand the range of sports and sports institutions in the city by including new types of institutions, incl. designed for the implementation of non-traditional sports.

The network of institutions for new, non-traditional and developing sports in Moscow is represented by:

- institutions of the district level of service, designed to serve the population of the administrative district - centers and complexes of facilities for mass sports and recreational activities, incl. by sports depending on natural conditions;

- institutions of the citywide level of service, designed to serve the population of the entire city, including: citywide children's and youth sports schools; indoor and outdoor demonstration arenas, specialized facilities for sports that depend on natural conditions.

The provisions of the Guidelines apply to the design of new and reconstruction of buildings and complexes of institutions of non-traditional and developing sports at the district level of service. The provisions of the Guidelines cover:

- centers of martial arts,

- sports dance centers,

- floorball, streetball centers,

- covered roller tracks,

- cross-country cycling complexes (BMX cycling),

- complexes of winter sports (alpine skiing, snowboarding, naturban),

- cynological sports centers,

- open planar physical culture and sports facilities as part of city parks and recreation areas (paintball and beach volleyball complexes).

Methodological guidelines should contribute to the balanced development of the network of physical culture and sports facilities in the administrative districts of Moscow, taking into account the structure of the physical culture and sports interests of the population of the capital, the urban planning and socio-demographic situation that is developing on the territory of the administrative districts.

Methodical instructions are developed on the basis of the results of research work of the State Unitary Enterprise MNIIP "Mosproekt-4", incl. analysis of advanced domestic and foreign experience in the design and construction of new types of physical culture and sports facilities, analysis of the approved rules for competitions in developing and non-traditional sports and the requirements of the relevant sports Federations to the places of their implementation.

The Guidelines provide detailed recommendations on the organization of the network, options for placement and architectural and planning organization of sites for institutions of developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow. Functional diagrams of buildings of institutions, recommendations on their functional and spatial organization and planning diagrams of individual functional elements of buildings are given. The approximate compositions of sports facilities, compositions and areas of auxiliary premises of various functional groups of institutions, which are not regulated in the current regulatory documents, are given.

The Guidelines contain the provisions of specific urban planning or functional and technical requirements for the placement and architectural and planning organization of structures for non-traditional and developing sports in the conditions of Moscow.

1 area of ​​use

1.1. These guidelines have been developed in addition to and development of the main provisions of the territorial town-planning regulatory document MGSN 1.01-99 "Norms and rules for designing the layout and development of Moscow", as well as a clarification to other regulatory documents in construction in force on the territory of Moscow

1.2. Methodological guidelines "Typological bases for designing facilities for developing and non-traditional sports" are a document regulating the design of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports located in the administrative districts of Moscow, intended for children's and youth sports sports schools, sports sections and health-improving activities of the population in developing and new sports.

1.3. The guidelines are intended for use in the development and examination of pre-project and design urban planning documentation and the design of individual sports facilities included in the nomenclature regulated by this document.

1.4. The provisions of the Guidelines should be used at various stages of urban planning and architectural and construction design in determining the structure of the network, options for the location of institutions, the composition of sports facilities and auxiliary premises of institutions, as well as the development of their functional and architectural and planning solutions.

1.5. The methodological guidelines establish the nomenclature, requirements for sites, placement, space-planning organization, approximate composition of the main and auxiliary premises of city-level institutions for new non-traditional and developing sports.

2. Basic provisions

2.1. The design of a network of city-level institutions for developing and non-traditional sports is carried out at various stages of urban planning, in conjunction with the general concept for the development of a network of sports facilities in Moscow, taking into account the existing social and urban development situation, the state of the existing material base, and optimal options for placing specialized facilities.

2.2. District-level institutions for developing and non-traditional sports are represented by institutions designed to serve the population of the administrative districts of Moscow: centers and complexes of facilities for mass sports, incl. for sports that depend on natural conditions.

2.3. The institutions are designed for educational and training sports activities in the primary sports training and training of sports reserves, carried out in children's and youth sports schools and sports sections, for local and regional competitions. Along with this, these institutions are the methodological centers of the administrative districts of Moscow for mass occupations of the population by developing and non-traditional sports.

2.4. The recommended nomenclature of institutions for new, non-traditional and developing sports at the district level of service, the type of activities carried out in institutions, their capacity are presented in table 2.1.

Table 2.1.

Nomenclature of institutions for new, non-traditional and emerging sports
administrative district (district service level)

	Name of institution	Type of physical culture and sports activities carried out	Population range served (thousand people)	One-time capacity of structures (pers.)	Specific land area* (m/person)	Note
	Center of martial arts					For training groups of judo, karate, aikido, taekwondo, other types of martial arts
	Sports Dance Center	Training departments of Youth Sports School, sports sections
	floorball center
	Indoor roller track	Training departments of Youth Sports School, sports sections, mass physical culture and health classes				For classes in various disciplines of skateboarding and roller skating
	BMX cycling complex (cross cycling)	Trainings of departments of Youth Sports School, sports sections, mass physical culture and recreation classes				The description of this sport is given in Appendix 1
	Winter sports complex: skiing, snowboarding, naturban	Trainings of departments of Youth Sports School, sports sections, mass physical culture and recreation classes				In summer, the trails are used for mountain biking (mountain biking)
	Cynological Sports Center	Classes of sports sections, mass physical culture and health-improving classes				The description of this sport is given in Appendix 1
	Open planar physical culture and sports facilities as part of city parks and recreation areas, including:
	paintball complex;	Training departments of Youth Sports School, sports sections				Descriptions of paintball and beach volleyball are given in Appendix 1
	beach volleyball courts	Mass physical culture and health-improving classes

_______________
* Specific area of ​​the site - the area of ​​the site of the institution, divided by 1 place of its one-time throughput.

** An indicator of the area of ​​the site of the building of the winter sports base for 1 place of one-time capacity is given, without taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bpiste.

2.5. Approximate composition of the main and auxiliary premises of institutions, one-time capacity of sports facilities of institutions included in the nomenclature, when designing specific facilities, should be specified on the basis of design assignments, taking into account the urban development situation and specific programs of physical culture and sports activities.

2.6. The calculated indicators of the areas of auxiliary premises of institutions recommended in the Guidelines determine the necessary minimum, due to functional and technological requirements and can be increased in accordance with the design assignment.

2.7. In order to increase the level of comfort and achieve commercial efficiency of the functioning of institutions, the composition of auxiliary and related premises of various types of institutions recommended in these Guidelines can be expanded by including additional leisure service premises - living rooms, video halls, cinema halls, games rooms, discos; catering establishments - cafes, bars, restaurants; consumer services enterprises - rental and repair of sports equipment, hairdressers, beauty salons; retailers; medical rehabilitation centers and separate premises for medical and health-improving and rehabilitation purposes; methodological rooms: conference rooms, libraries, video libraries, etc.

2.8. In appropriate urban planning situations, in the presence of sufficient land plots, it is recommended to combine specialized facilities of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports into multifunctional complexes.

Design indicators, composition of sports facilities and auxiliary facilities of multifunctional complexes are determined by the design task, taking into account the requirements for each of the merged institutions. When cooperating institutions of developing and non-traditional sports with institutions for other purposes, the requirements of the relevant MSIS should also be taken into account.

2.9. It is allowed to reduce the total area of ​​the sites, the floor area of ​​sports halls and premises, cooperating institutions, provided that the functional and technological requirements for the composition of the main and auxiliary premises and the requirements for the mode of conducting classes in each of the cooperating institutions are met.

2.10. Requirements for the availability, arrangement and capacity of spectator seats at sports facilities of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports of administrative districts are determined by the design task.

2.11. The design of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports should be carried out taking into account the requirements of VSN 62-91 * "Designing the living environment taking into account the needs of the disabled and people with limited mobility" to ensure access for the disabled to public institutions.

2.12. A brief description of new, non-traditional sports implemented at the recommended sports facilities of the administrative districts is given in Appendix 1.

3. General requirements for facilities for developing and new sports

3.1. Requirements for the placement of institutions for developing and new sports of the administrative districts of Moscow

3.1.1. The placement of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow should be carried out on the basis of the general requirements of MGSN 1.01-99 for the placement of public institutions of the urban service level, as well as specific requirements and recommendations for the placement of certain types of institutions set forth in this document.

3.1.2. The placement of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow should be carried out taking into account:

- dependence of sports on natural conditions;

- specific requirements imposed by individual sports, depending on natural conditions, to the characteristics of the landscape;

- town-planning conditions developing on the territory of the administrative district;

- characteristics of the existing network of sports facilities;

- areas of land allotted for the construction of sports facilities;

- the possibility of combining specialized structures into multifunctional complexes;

- opportunities for cooperation between institutions for developing and new sports with institutions of other service sectors and residential buildings.

3.1.3. In accordance with the requirements of MGSN 1.01-99, institutions for developing and non-traditional sports of the administrative districts of Moscow, depending on the type of institution and the urban situation, can be located:

- in isolated areas of public areas;

- as part of multifunctional and specialized centers;

- as part of the recreational areas of the city center system.

In appropriate urban planning conditions, characterized by a high intensity of use of territories, it is allowed to place certain types of structures:

a) in the structure of residential development in the premises built-in and attached to housing;

b) in the areas of general education schools;

c) as part of buildings of multifunctional public centers;

d) as part of multifunctional sports and fitness complexes.

3.1.4. In separate areas of public areas, as part of multifunctional and specialized centers, it is recommended to place institutions for sports that do not depend on natural conditions, including:

- centers of martial arts;

- sports dance centers;

- floorball, streetball centers;

- covered roller tracks;

- cross-country cycling complexes (BMX cycling);

- cynological sports centers.

3.1.5. It is not allowed to place institutions for developing and non-traditional sports on the territory of a natural complex with urban planning regulation regimes 1, 2, 3.

3.1.6. As part of recreational areas, it is recommended to place institutions for developing and non-traditional sports that depend on natural conditions, including:

- winter sports centers with equipped natural and artificial tracks for slalom, snowboarding, naturban;

- open plane sports facilities as part of multifunctional parks, incl. beach volleyball courts, paintball complex.

3.1.7. As part of recreational areas, with appropriate justification, it is also allowed to place open sports complexes for cycling BMX (cross cycling), cynological sports centers, and roller tracks.

3.1.8. The placement of indoor sports facilities and auxiliary buildings on the territory of multifunctional parks should be carried out taking into account the requirement of clause 7.3.1 of MGSN 1.01-99, which limits the height of buildings.

3.1.9. When designing structures as part of multifunctional parks, the requirements of paragraphs 7.3.2-7.3.4 of MGSN 1.01-99 should also be taken into account.

3.1.10. In the areas of the center and in areas of existing development, dispersed placement of structures of institutions of the administrative district is allowed - training halls of centers for sports dance, martial arts, floorball - subject to the requirements of MGSN 3.01-96 "Residential buildings", including under the following conditions:

- Ensuring sanitary requirements for noise protection;

Limiting the capacity of dining halls included in built-in institutions for developing and new sports to 50 seats;

- restrictions on the range of trade and consumer services enterprises, premises for cultural and entertainment events in accordance with the requirements of MGSN 3.01-96;

- exclusion from the structure of institutions of the premises of medical and health centers with physiotherapy equipment;

- exclusion from the institutions of dry heat baths;

- regulated mode of functioning of the institution from 7-00 to 23-00 hours.

3.1.11. In the districts of the center and on the mainline territories of the areas of existing and new development, it is allowed to place functional blocks of training halls for martial arts, sports dance, floorball on the sites of general education schools, subject to the coordination of the placement with the Moscow Committee of Education and the non-commercial nature of the use of facilities.

3.1.12. The placement of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the territories of multifunctional parks should be carried out taking into account the general layout of the parks and its landscape characteristics. Depending on the specific requirements of individual sports to the landscape, they can be placed compactly or dispersed in the structure of the park.

3.1.13. When placing winter sports complexes on the recreational territory of the trails, the following requirements should be taken into account:

- no crossroads ski slalom, snowboarding, naturban with tourist and walking routes passing through the recreational area;

- separate placement of training tracks for winter sports complexes of administrative districts and specialized citywide sports tracks for alpine skiing, snowboarding, freestyle, naturban, bobsleigh-skeleton; the absence of their intersections;

- placement of tracks from the buildings of auxiliary premises (bases) of winter sports complexes at a distance of no more than 300 m to the slope.

3.1.14. Ski slalom, snowboarding, naturban and mass mountain skiing trails are recommended to be laid on the northern and northeastern slopes.

3.1.15. When placing cynological sports centers, the direction of the prevailing winds should be taken into account.

3.2. Requirements for sites and territories of institutions

3.2.1. Sites of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow should be designed taking into account the general requirements of SNiP 2.08.02-89 *, the requirements and recommendations of this section of the Guidelines.

3.2.2. Depending on the type of institution and the urban planning situation, the facilities of the institution for developing and non-traditional sports of the administrative districts of Moscow can be designed on one or more separate sections of public areas, as part of residential areas, as part of the territories of the natural complex, as part of the sections of secondary schools and multifunctional sports and community centers.

3.2.3. The approximate area of ​​separate areas of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow is presented in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

Approximate areas of sites of sports complexes of institutions of administrative districts of Moscow
for developing and new sports.

	Name of the complex, structure	Approximate area of ​​the sports complex (ha)	Note
	Center of martial arts
	Sports Dance Center
	floorball center
	Indoor roller track
	BMX Cycling Complex
	Winter sports complex: skiing, snowboarding, naturban		An indicator of the area of ​​the site of the building of the winter sports base for 1 place of one-time capacity is given, without taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200btracks, the parameters of which are determined on site by the design assignment
	Cynological Sports Center		An indicator of the area of ​​​​the territory is given without taking into account the stands of open structures
	Open flat sports and sports facilities as part of city parks and recreation areas, incl. - paintball complex, - beach volleyball courts		An indicator of the area of ​​​​the territory is given without taking into account the stands of the open structures of the paintball complex

3.2.4. When placing institutions or individual functional blocks of institutions in built-in and attached premises to residential buildings on the sites of general education schools, as part of multifunctional public centers, as well as integrated centers for developing and non-traditional sports of administrative districts, it is allowed to reduce the estimated area of ​​the site of the institution, shown in Table 3.2. 1, by 5-20%. In this case, the area indicator should be specified by the design assignment or the project, taking into account the specific situation.

3.2.5. The general principles for designing land plots and territories of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow are:

- organization of functional zoning of sites, taking into account the main flows of visitors and specific requirements for the placement of individual functional elements of the complexes;

- organization of a convenient interconnection of open planar structures located on the site of the complex with auxiliary premises;

- placement of open planar structures, taking into account the necessary orientation, the required gaps between residential and public buildings and planar structures;

- designing the necessary wind and noise protection plantings and devices;

- organization of possible blocking of open planar structures, taking into account their winter use;

- organization of the optimal interconnection of the zone of open structures and dressing rooms.

3.2.6. If there are fixed places for spectators in the institution - stands of open flat structures, stands of sports halls, the layout of the site of the institution should be carried out, excluding the intersection of the routes of the flows of spectators and athletes.

3.2.7. When designing institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in separate areas, it is recommended, depending on the composition of the facilities, to allocate the following main zones:

- area of ​​covered structures;

- zone of open planar structures;

economic zone;

- recreation area;

- open flat structures with stands for spectators.

3.2.8. In the areas of cynological sports centers and paintball complexes, which have grass fields, it is also recommended to provide a lawn nursery area.

3.2.9. On the sites of cynological sports centers, a site with enclosures for dogs and places for leashing dogs should also be allocated into separate zones.

3.2.10. When integrating institutions for developing and non-traditional sports of the administrative districts of Moscow with institutions of other functional purposes, incl. with general education schools, zoning of integrated structures should be provided.

3.2.11. In isolated areas of institutions of developing and non-traditional sports of administrative districts located in urban areas, perimeter windbreaks of landscaping, 5-10 m wide, should be provided. The width of the perimeter landscaping strip is determined in accordance with the value of the highway with which the site borders.

3.2.12. For institutions located on the territory of a natural complex, their own windbreaks may not be provided. In these cases, technologically necessary tree and shrub plantations are designed to separate zones and structures, or form pedestrian safety lanes and visual landmarks.

3.2.13. The distance from the buildings of the centers to other buildings and structures should be taken into account the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01-89 *, as well as Temporary hygienic standards for the placement of individual production facilities on the territory of Moscow (addition and adjustment of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.567- 96* "Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other objects").
__________________
* In the territory Russian Federation SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03 apply. - Note "CODE".

3.2.14. If there are stands at the open planar structures of institutions, toilets should be designed on the site at the rate of one toilet bowl for 100 women, one toilet bowl and 5 urinals for 330 men.

3.2.15. Before entering the stands of open flat structures, free areas should be provided at the rate of 0.5 m per 1 spectator seat.

3.2.16. Open flat structures of institutions of developing and non-traditional sports should be located taking into account the following orientation:

- the direction of the longitudinal axis of the circular treadmill of the cynological sports center - north-south;

- the direction of the longitudinal axis of the beach volleyball courts is north-south.

3.2.17. Separate sections of institutions located in public areas must be fenced and have at least two entrances with paved roads. Entrances and driveways should be designed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01-89 * and MGSN 1.01-99.

3.2.18. Open flat structures of institutions should be provided with irrigation water supply. Radius of service of the watering crane - 30 m.

3.3. Requirements for architectural and planning solutions of institutions

3.3.1. Architectural and planning solutions for institutions for developing and non-traditional sports of the administrative districts of Moscow are determined by functional and technological requirements for the implementation of various types of physical culture and sports activities; implementation associated species activities of various groups of visitors; urban planning conditions for the placement of complexes; requirements for the integration of sports and recreation institutions with public institutions and residential buildings.

3.3.2. Buildings of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports should contain the following groups of premises:

- the main premises intended for the direct conduct of sports training and physical culture and recreation classes and competitions of various levels - specialized and multifunctional sports and training halls, training equipment rooms;

- auxiliary premises for the implementation of auxiliary and related activities and maintenance of institutions.

3.3.3. The construction dimensions, areas and capacity of the main premises - specialized and multifunctional sports and training halls, premises for physical culture and sports purposes, as well as open flat sports facilities of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports should be taken taking into account the requirements and recommendations set out in sections 4.1- 4.8 of these Guidelines.

3.3.4. The composition and areas of auxiliary premises of institutions should be determined on the basis of design assignments, taking into account:

a) one-time capacity of sports facilities;

b) requirements for the composition, design indicators and methodology for calculating the areas of auxiliary premises, regulated in the Reference Manual "Design of sports halls, premises for sports and recreational activities and indoor ice rinks with artificial ice" (to SNiP 2.08.89 *);

c) the requirements of these Guidelines set out in this section and sections 4.1-4.8.

3.3.5. Ancillary premises of institutions include the following groups of premises:

Lobby premises (cloakroom, lobby, lobby bathrooms);

- premises for sanitary and hygienic purposes and recreation for athletes;

- catering facilities;

- instructor;

- rooms for methodological purposes;

- medical premises;

- premises of related types of services (cultural and sports games, club rooms, premises for cultural and leisure purposes, consumer services);

- premises for administrative and economic purposes and consumer services for personnel;

- Technical buildings.

3.3.6. The composition and areas of groups of premises of the lobby, premises for sanitary purposes and recreation for athletes, instructor centers for martial arts, sports dances, floorball, indoor rollerdromes should be determined by the design task, taking into account the requirements of the Reference Guide to SNiP 2.08.89 * "Design of sports halls, premises for physical culture and recreation activities and indoor ice rinks with artificial ice.

The composition and areas of groups of premises of the lobby, premises for sanitary purposes and recreation for athletes, instructor complexes for winter sports, cycling complexes BMX (cross cycling), cynological sports center, open planar structures for paintball, beach volleyball should be determined by the design task, taking into account the requirements of these Guidelines set out in this section and sections 4.1-4.8.

3.3.7. The inventory area of ​​various types of sports halls of institutions should be determined by the design task, taking into account the recommendations of Appendix 2.

3.3.8. The composition and area of ​​rooms for methodological purposes should be determined by the design task, taking into account the recommendations of Appendix 3.

3.3.9. The composition and areas of medical premises should be determined by the design task, taking into account the recommendations of Appendix 4.

3.3.10. The number of seats in the dining halls of the food premises should be determined by the design task or the project, taking into account the calculated indicators given in reference guide to SNiP 2.08.02-89*. The areas and composition of the catering premises are determined depending on the type of catering establishment, established by the design assignment, taking into account the requirements of MGSN 4.14-98.

3.3.11. It is recommended that the composition and area of ​​office premises for administrative and engineering personnel and workers' amenity premises be determined by the design task or project, taking into account the number and composition of employees and workers.

3.3.12. The composition of the technical premises is determined by the design assignment or the project, taking into account the engineering equipment and the current calculation standards.

3.3.13. Buildings of indoor sports facilities of developing and non-traditional sports institutions are recommended to be designed based on the principles of functional zoning, in accordance with the technological requirements for conducting various types of physical culture and sports activities and related activities.

It is recommended to allocate the following main functional areas:

- a group of vestibule rooms with food points adjacent to it;

- a group of a specialized sports hall (several halls) with inventory rooms, sanitary and hygienic facilities, sportsmen's rest, technical services;

- locker rooms of open structures;

- rooms for methodological purposes, leisure rooms;

- health-improving center;

- administrative premises, instructor rooms, household premises.

3.3.14. Examples of functional and technological schemes for buildings of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports, incl. a floorball center, a cynological sports center, a complex of paintball sites are shown in Figures 1-3.

Fig.1. Functional diagram of the floorball center

Explication of premises

1. Vestibule, wardrobe.

2. Floorball hall 42x24 m.

3. Hall of sports games 36x18 m.

4. Inventory.

5. Hall OFP 24x15 m.

6. Gym.

8. Storage room for teaching aids.

9. Coaching.

10. Administration.

11. Household pantry.

12. Household premises.

13. Medical room.

14. Toilet.

16. Locker rooms for sports halls.

17. Technical rooms.

18. Hall / lounge.

Fig.1. Functional diagram of the floorball center

Fig.2. Functional diagram of the cynological sports center

Explication

1. Vestibule, wardrobe.

2. Individual changing cabins at the agility hall.

3. Agility hall 42x24 m.

4. Inventory.

5. Gym.

6. Methodical office.

7. Storage room for teaching aids.

8. Coaching.

9. Administration.

10. Household pantry.

11. Household premises.

12. Medical room.

13. Toilet.

15. Lounge.

16. Dressing rooms of open structures.

17. Technical rooms.

18. Veterinary office.

Fig.2. Functional diagram of the cynological sports center

Fig.3. Functional diagram of auxiliary premises of open planar physical culture and sports facilities for paintball

Explication of premises

1. Vestibule, wardrobe.

2. Dressing rooms of open structures.

2a. Dressing rooms.

3. Training hall 36x18 m.

4. Inventory.

5. Gym.

6. Inventory of open structures.

7. Warehouse for storing vessels with working gas.

8. Methodical office.

9. Storage room for teaching aids.

11. Toilet.

12. Administration.

13. Instructor's room.

14. Household premises.

15. Household pantry.

16. Medical office.

17. Technical rooms.

18. Repair shop.

19. Storage room for paintballs.

Fig.3. Functional diagram of auxiliary premises of open planar physical culture and sports facilities for paintball

3.3.15. Along with the placement of the main and auxiliary premises of institutions in a single building, indoor structures and auxiliary premises of institutions can be designed:

- in two or more buildings, including functionally interconnected groups of premises;

- in functional blocks, including functionally interconnected groups of premises, placed compactly or dispersed in the structure of residential buildings, as built-in, built-in-attached and attached premises of the lower residential floors;

- in blocks-attachments to secondary schools;

- in functional blocks of premises in the structure of cooperative public buildings and buildings of integrated centers for developing and non-traditional sports.

The variant of the design solution is determined by the type of institution, and the urban conditions for the formation of the complex.

3.3.16. Dispersed placement of groups of premises of sports and recreational institutions in separate buildings and functional blocks is allowed while ensuring the functional integrity of the group. A separate building or functional block unites all the premises (main and auxiliary) necessary for the implementation of a physical culture and health-improving lesson and the process of preparing for it.

3.3.17. Built-in and built-in-attached to housing functional blocks of specialized facilities for developing and non-traditional sports should be isolated from residential premises, have their own entrances, emergency exits and lobby groups of premises and be designed in accordance with the requirements of MGSN 3.01-96.

3.3.18. Recommended methods of architectural and planning solutions for built-in and built-in-attached functional blocks of specialized structures for developing and non-traditional sports of sports and recreation institutions are allowed to be adopted in accordance with the recommendations of section 3.3 of the Manual to MGSN 4.08-97.

3.3.19. The list of premises used by disabled people in various sports and recreation institutions is determined by the design assignment or project.

3.3.20. The device of stationary stands for spectators is recommended for open planar structures, incl. open velodromes of cycling BMX (cross cycling), a complex of a circular running track and a complex ground for cynological sports.

In specialized sports halls of institutions, it is recommended to provide non-stationary spectator seats, incl. on bleachers, balconies, spectator galleries.

3.3.21. The need for referee premises and their area is determined by the design task in accordance with the given level of competitions held at the facilities.

3.3.22. It is also allowed to include premises for cultural and sports games, club rooms, rooms for recreation, entertainment, and consumer services in the structure of auxiliary premises of institutions. The composition and areas of premises for recreation, entertainment, consumer services are determined by the design task, taking into account the recommendations of Appendix 5.

3.3.23. In the buildings of institutions, including halls and premises used for classes of paid sections and groups, holding cultural and entertainment events, dancing, providing other paid services, as well as in buildings and pavilions of auxiliary premises of open structures operating on a commercial basis, it is recommended to provide a cash booth area from 3 m.

4. Requirements for the architectural and planning organization of institutions for developing and new sports in the administrative districts of Moscow

4.1. Martial arts centers

4.1.1. Centers of martial arts are intended for the implementation of classes of departments of children's and youth sports schools and physical culture and sports sections for the types of sports currently included in the programs of physical education of the population: aikido; judo; various versions of karate, including: den-to karate do-fudokan; karate do; contact karate; taekwondo. The composition of the departments of the Youth Sports School and sections is established by the design task, taking into account the situation in the district and the distribution of physical culture and sports interests of the population.

4.1.2. In accordance with the design assignment, it is also allowed to use the facilities of martial arts centers for Greco-Roman wrestling, sambo, as well as types of martial arts that are currently not included in the physical education programs of the population, incl. kendo, jiu-jitsu, sumo.

4.1.3. Sports halls of martial arts are used in alternating mode for classes in sports, determined by the list, regulated by the design assignment.

4.1.4. The approximate composition of sports facilities of the center of martial arts is presented in table 4.1.

Table 4.1

Approximate composition of sports facilities of the center of martial arts.
(Main premises)

	Name of the building	Quantity /Dimensions in plan	Room height, (m)	Capacity of the facility, (persons)	Note
	Halls of martial arts: incl.				The capacity of the halls of martial arts is specified taking into account the list of types of classes held in the hall and the number of placed sets of equipment
	Specialized sports hall, pcs/m
	Training halls, pcs/m
	Hall OFP, pcs./m
	Strength training halls, pieces/m

4.1.5. When arranging equipment in martial arts gyms, one should take into account the requirements for the dimensions of the main practice areas and safety zones for various types of martial arts, presented in Table 4.2.

	Name of the type of martial arts	Dimensions of the main place of employment (m)		Site dimensions including safety zones (m)		Number of sets of equipment placed in the hall
		Educational training face-to-face classes		Educational training face-to-face classes	Local and regional competitions	Educational training face-to-face classes	Local and regional competitions	Educational training face-to-face classes
		9.0-10.0x 9,0-10,0*	9.0-10.0x 9,0-10,0*	12.0-16.0x 12,0-16,0	14.0-16.0x 14,0-16,0
	Aikido				12.0х11.0**
	Karate				15.0х13.0***
	taekwondo				16.0х15.0****

Notes. * Taking into account the danger zone, 1 m wide.

** Taking into account the setting of the table of officials, the positions of the judges.

*** Taking into account the installation of the table of officials, the position of the side judges, the bench of the competitors.

**** Taking into account the setting of the table of officials, the table of the doctor, the positions of the judges, the positions of the seconds (coaches), the positions of the participants in the competition.

4.1.6. The floor in martial arts gyms must be wooden. The area for training sessions and competitions must be covered with an elastic coating - a carpet, formed by sectional mats - tatami.

4.1.7. When competing in various types of martial arts, the sites are also equipped with:

- aikido - a table for judges and officials, located behind the security line,

- judo - chairs for 2 side judges,

- karate - tables of officials, benches for competitors, chairs for 4 side judges,

- taekwondo - a table for officials, a table for a doctor.

4.1.8. Dimensional layouts of platforms for training sessions in judo, aikido, karate, taekwondo in the sports hall of martial arts 36x18 m are shown in Fig. 4-5.

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