The shooting sport is one of the very first sports, which began with bow and crossbow shooting, and later became a shooting competition. firearms and pneumatic.

In Russia, shooting disciplines began to develop at the end of the 20th century and gained extraordinary popularity, since the love for shooting manifests itself even in childhood, when kids imitate shooting from toy guns and pistols, playing “war”.

Such a type as bullet shooting has its own specifics. Shooting competitions with firearms and pneumatics are not based on the principle of "Faster, higher, stronger." Here the muscles work differently than in other disciplines. The main load on the muscles occurs at the moment of the static state of the body of the shooter, when it is necessary to fix the most optimal position for accurate shot. The participant must show stability and the ability to maintain a static position for a long time when shooting. The shooter here uses the so-called muscle memory. It is worth noting that during one such exercise a person loses about 3 kg in weight. Also, shooting competitions have their own sprint distances and marathons.

In addition to physical data, bullet shooting implies that the shooter also has high moral qualities. It is also necessary to be able to control your emotions in order to act quickly and correctly in unexpected situations, qualities such as determination and endurance are also very important. Before the shot, the participant of the competition, as it were, disconnects from everything that surrounds him, and focuses on the target. He must be able to abstract, control his thoughts so that nothing could distract him at this crucial moment.

Clay shooting originated from hunting competitions that took place in medieval England. Then the birds served as targets, namely pigeons, which were thrown up for shelling. These rules were in effect for a very long time, and even during the first Olympic Games, shooters fired at live birds. Later, the birds were replaced by the current targets, today they are often called "clay pigeons". By the way, in the future it is expected to replace the plates with environmentally friendly items.

Shooting Rules

Gun shooting is divided into bullet and bench shooting. Both types of shooting sports are among the oldest disciplines since 1896 . In addition, archery also belongs to the Olympic disciplines. In bullet shooting, world championships have been held since 1897.

Bullet shooting can take place both indoors and outdoors. If the competition takes place in a shooting range, then special sights and light filters are selected that are suitable for shooting in this room, depending on the lighting. When changing the nature of the illumination, the shooter must quickly correlate his actions. If the competition is held at a shooting range, then conditions such as wind, air temperature, etc. must be taken into account.

Shotgun shooting involves firing shotguns at targets with shotgun shells. The targets are cymbals, which, when well-aimed hit, break. Such plates are made from bituminous sand and cement.

Shotgun targets are dynamic and shooters must have good reflexes and marksmanship to hit the target. Shooting is carried out from firearms with a maximum of 12 gauge. The shooter must also have an absolute sense of dynamics and balance in order to catch the movements of a target flying in a straight line or arc.

Shooting at the Olympics

Today, the Olympic program includes a round stand, a trench stand and a double-trap as varieties of clay shooting.

On account of the archers of the Russian national team, seven of which have a golden tint. At the moment, the most titled Olympian is, who has one gold and two silver medals.

Convincing request! When distributing the text of this page or part of it, indicate a link to the source.
Copy link Page address copied to clipboard

Shooting exercise VP-4 (AR40)
Pneumatic rifle
Women
Caliber: 4.5mm
Distance: 10 m
Position: standing


Target: No. 8, "units" diameter - 45.5 mm, "tens" - 0.5 mm

In this type of program, the very first set of Olympic medals was played. The first Olympic "gold" went to the Czech Republic with Katerina Emmons. The Czech athlete confidently went to victory, shooting from the Anschutz 8002 S2 rifle, knocking out 400 points out of 400 possible in the preliminary stage, repeating the highest world achievement and setting a new Olympic record. In the final, her result was unattainable for her rivals - 103.5 points, and the final amount - 503.5 points - also became an Olympic record. For the champion from the Czech Republic, who used to have the surname Kurkova, this is not the first Olympic award - four years ago she won bronze in Athens.

Lyubov Galkina brought the first award of the 2008 Olympics to the Russian team in this form. She was separated from the first result by 1.4 points. In air rifle shooting, Galkina repeated her success of four years ago in Athens, ahead of very strong German and Chinese athletes. Third place went to Croatian Snezhana Peychich.

Weapon. For the first time this type of weapon appeared at the Olympics in 1984, at the Games in Los Angeles. In accordance with the rules of the International Shooting Federation ISSF, shooting in this event is carried out from a single-shot air rifle of 4.5 mm caliber. Throwing a bullet in it can be carried out due to pre-compressed gas coming from a cylinder, or under the action of air compressed by a pre-cocked piston. The maximum weight of the weapon should not exceed 5.5 kg, the use of optics and a "sneller" trigger is prohibited. There are also several restrictions on the size and shape of the rifle, as well as its stock. Today, almost all athletes in this event shoot from gas-ballooned rifles with pre-compression air (PCP).

The pressure of compressed air in the cylinder reaches 200 atmospheres, and the capacity of the tank is sufficient to produce up to 500 shots without reloading. The pressure level is controlled by a special manometer. Various devices allow you to dampen recoil to an almost imperceptible level. The most popular is the aluminum stock, which provides a simpler and at the same time precise individual adjustment of the weapon compared to the traditional wooden one. However, a number of high-class shooters remain committed to the "classic", a rifle with an all-wood stock. Among modern manufacturers, Anschütz Anschutz, Walther Walther and Feinwerkbau dominate.

The victory in this type of shooting competition was watched with very close attention, since the question of who would become the owner of the very first Olympic award was decided. The Czech Emmons-Kurkova confirmed the high class of the Anschutz rifles by achieving a convincing victory with an Olympic record, shooting from the Anschutz rifle model Anschutz 2002 CA (ANSCHUTZ 8002 S2). In addition to her, two of the eight finalists used rifles from the Ulm concern, among them one Anschutz ANSCHUTZ 8002 S2 air rifle and one Anschutz 9003 Premium. The success of Anschutz is not surprising.

With over 150 years of history, this family business specializes exclusively in the production of sporting weapons and does its best to satisfy the needs and requirements of sport shooters. Although the fundamental design of the Anschutz pneumatics does not differ from the rifles of other leading companies, the Anschutz models are distinguished by very carefully thought-out “little things”: an interchangeable stock (aluminum, walnut or laminate on request) with all sorts of ingenious adjustments, a pistol grip with the possibility of 3D customization , patented filters to combat humidity and air pollution, a steel casing to reduce barrel vibrations, a system for compensating for recoil force and air temperature fluctuations.

All these "little things" together contribute to exceptionally stable accuracy and accuracy of fire. The special "chic" of "Anschutz" is that the company pastes the original target with the results of its shooting on the last page of the passport of each rifle, so that you can see for yourself as a purchased sample.

Shooting exercise PP-3 (AP60)
Air gun
Men
Caliber: 4.5mm
Distance: 10 m
Position: standing with one hand
Number of shots: 60 shots, time 105 min
Final: 10 shots, 75 seconds each
Target: No. 9, "one" diameter - 155.5 mm, "tens" - 11.5 mm

Chinese shooters, led by the most experienced coach Wang Yifu and performing at home, were one of the main contenders for Olympic awards in Beijing, so their success no longer surprises anyone. The representative of the Celestial Empire, Pang Wei, was confidently leading in the qualification and strengthened his advantage in the final to 3.7 points, gaining a total of 688.2 points.

Silver went to Jin Yong Oh from South Korea (684.5). Shooting competitions were not without the already, alas, familiar doping scandal. Bronze with 683 points was supposed to go to Kim Yong-soo from North Korea, but he was convicted of doping and disqualified. As a result, the American Turner took the third place.

System:	single-shot pistol
Driving force:	compressed air
Caliber:	4.5 mm / .177 cal
Length height width:	400 / 148 / 50
Weight:	968 gr (without table weights)
Aiming line length:	adjustable from 316 to 365 mm
Fly:	removable, width 4.5 mm
Rear sight:	adjustable slot width from 2 to 7 mm, slot depth adjustable
Trigger tension force:	500 gr (according to ISSF rules), adjustable idle and power stroke, dip after power stroke
Trigger spoke:	adjustable in all directions

Weapon. For the first time this type of shooting appeared at the World Championship in 1969, at the Olympic Games - in 1988. Shooting from an air pistol is perhaps the most massive and popular type of shooting sport. Pneumatic weapons are the most affordable, they do not require large shooting galleries and shooting ranges, and the training and training of young shooters, as a rule, begins with pneumatics.

This is the reason for the growing interest in this type of competition every year. At the same time, air pistols used by high-end shooters differ significantly from mass models. This weapon is a complex high-tech design that combines good ballistics and low recoil momentum, equipped with an orthopedic grip, sights and a trigger mechanism that has all kinds of settings and adjustments. Of course, the level of quality and assembly of such pistols is high, thanks to which the cost of the weapon does not fall below the level of 1200 Euros.

Modern pneumatic sports models are very different from the usual classic “breaking” spring-piston models. They are made, as a rule, according to the compression scheme: under the barrel there is a reservoir with carbon dioxide or compressed air, from which a portion of gas is supplied for each shot. In this way, a heavy piston was eliminated from the design of the weapon, whose movement during firing and the subsequent rebound knocked down the aiming, and thereby worsened the accuracy of fire.

The capacity of the pistol cylinder is enough for more than 100 shots. Since the late 1980s, almost all leading manufacturers of high-end sporting pneumatic weapons have switched to the production of gas-balloon pneumatics. These are predominantly compressed air models that replaced first-generation gas-balloon weapons with CO2. Despite the insignificant recoil momentum that occurs when the Diabolo bullet weighs only half a gram, various devices are widely used to neutralize its influence and stabilize the weapon when fired. The most successful models recent years steel air pistols "Steyr" Steyr LP.

Despite the strongest competition from such “whales” as Walther (Walther LP300 model), Feinwerkbau (Feinwerkbau P44) and Morini (Morini CM162EI), Steyr has achieved phenomenal superiority and, starting from Athens, 2004, does not yield to anyone the palm. At the 2006 World Championship in Zagreb, all eight possible gold medals were won by pistols of this brand. In Beijing-2008 "gold" and "silver" among men were won with the help of the Steyr pistol of the Steyr LP10 model.

Among the Olympic medals of Athens-2004, which were won with the famous Steyr LP10 pistol, the young Ukrainian athlete Olena Kostevich won gold, and in the male form of the program Olympic champion became an experienced Russian Mikhail Nestruev. This pistol is an evolution of the very successful Steyr LP1 CO2 pistol. Its main differences from the prototype are the use of compressed air instead of carbon dioxide and the improved stability of the pistol, achieved by using a muzzle compensator (in three holes in the barrel to release air) and "countermass" moving in the opposite direction of the bullet and compensating for the recoil momentum.

It is curious that Steyr offers its models to shooters also in different options finishes - in gold, silver, as well as with a bright blue cylinder, which, in general, is rare for weapons of this type. Apparently, the Austrian designers were guided by Tupolev's formula "only a beautiful car can fly well" and altered it "only a beautiful gun can shoot well."

And yet the success of the "Steyer" is due not only to the traditionally high quality and aesthetics of weapons. Undoubtedly, the accession of the Austrian company to the famous Anschutz concern played a role. Now Steyr Sportwaffen is a subsidiary of a German company from Ulm, which, of course, today occupies a leading position in the sporting weapons industry. By the way, Anschutz is now producing a similar pistol model under the designation [email protected] , which differs from the LP10 only in the absence of a casing on the barrel.

Shooting exercise PP-2 (AP40)
Air gun
Women
Caliber: 4.5mm
Distance: 10 m
Position: standing with one hand
Number of shots: 40 shots, time 75 min
Final: 10 shots, 75 seconds each
Target: No. 9, target diameter - 155.5 mm, "tens" - 11.5 mm

With a new Olympic record of 492.3 points, the air pistol shooting for women ended, where the young Chinese woman Wenyun Guo, dubbed the “shooting star” by sports journalists for her recent World Cup victories, became the winner. The second and third went to the representatives of Russia and Georgia, respectively, the Ural athlete Natalya Paderina and the silver medalist of the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul Nino Salukvadze.

Their duel was observed with particular interest in view of the well-known events in the Caucasus, however, both athletes behaved exceptionally worthy and hugged and congratulated each other heartily during the award ceremony. To the honor and dignity of Nino Salukvadze, she did not allow herself to be interfered with in politics and did not leave the Olympics, despite persistent calls for the Georgian team to refuse to participate in the Games. The achievement of the best pistol player of the Russian team, which set an Olympic record at the qualifying stage (391 points), should be especially noted.

Weapon. Like the men, this exercise was dominated by Steyr pistols. Of the 8 participants in the finals, 7 athletes had pistols of this brand. The Finnish participant performed with a pistol [email protected] Bottom line: "gold" and "bronze" went to the owners of the model "Steyr" Steyr LP10, Natalia Paderina with a tried and tested Steyr LP1 - "silver". Agree, a good indicator for a veteran pistol.

Olympic Games 2008 in Beijing turned out to be extremely successful for the German manufacturers of sporting weapons and, especially, for the Anschutz concern, which, together with its subsidiary Steyr, Steyr, has 13 medals. In the face of fierce competition in the sporting arms market last result looks especially impressive. What is the reason for such a resounding success of designers from Ulm? With this question, I turned to the head of the company, Johan Anschutz, who this year headed the family business, replacing his father, Dieter Anschutz, in this post. The secret of success was simple: “We love sports - sports shooting is our life, so we give this business all our heart and soul. Well, besides that, you also need a little luck.

Alas, Russian manufacturers of weapons for the “shooting elite” this time were completely on the sidelines. This is rather disappointing against the background of the outstanding achievements of the 50-70s, when the Tula and Izhevsk weapons not only were a constant and worthy competitor to the best world companies, but constantly brought Olympic and world awards to their owners. the highest standard. The point here is not that the current Russian gunsmiths have forgotten how to make high-quality weapons (there are good sniper rifles, silent weapons, shotguns), the problem lies in the current state of the shooting sport in Russia. It is well known that if there is no demand, there is no corresponding supply from the arms industry. But this is a topic for a separate discussion.

It is subdivided into shooting from a pistol, rifle, shooting from a rifle at a moving target. It is produced by a bullet from rifled weapons: pneumatic (4.5 mm), small-caliber (5.6 mm) and large-caliber (6.5 mm - 7.62 mm for rifles and 7.62-9.65 mm for pistols).

The targets are printed in a typographical way on a dense material in white or cream color. When pierced by a bullet, such a target retains the shape of a bullet hole without excessively coarse distortions and breaks along the edges of the hole. The dimensions and dimensions of the zones of dignity of the hole are different, depending on the type of weapon and the distance from the line of fire to the target line.

Now all the major international competitions are held on electronic targets, which determine the dignity of the hole in an acoustic, optical or combined way.

Every year shooting competitions are held at various levels: from regional tournaments to world and European championships. Currently, the rules of the International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF) for bullet shooting provide for 15 men's and 9 women's exercises, which are included in the programs of international competitions. The mandatory Olympic program includes 6 men's exercises and 4 women's. Within the framework of the Shooting Union of Russia, competitions are held in 46 exercises.

In official ISSF documents and international competition scorecards, short names of events are used, including the shooting distance, type of weapon and number of shots (for example: "50 m. Free rifle. 3x40 shots").

In Russia, an abbreviation has been introduced for each exercise - two letters and numbers. The letters indicate the type of weapon (VP - air rifle; MV - small-caliber rifle; AB - (army) standard large-caliber rifle; PV - arbitrary large-caliber rifle; PP - air pistol; MP - small-caliber pistol; RP - large-caliber pistol (center-fire revolver), and the numbers are the serial number of this exercise in the national sports classification on bullet shooting.

Types of shooting

Rifle shooting

Rifles for performing sports shooting exercises are divided by type: pneumatic (caliber - 4.5 mm), small-caliber (caliber - 5.6 mm) and large-caliber (caliber - from 6.5 mm to - 7.62 mm). Rifles of all types must be single-shot (except for large-caliber standard rifles, which may have a magazine). The distance from the line of fire to the target line is from 10 to 300 meters.

For shooting from a rifle, the positions “lying”, “from the knee” or “standing” are accepted.

“Lying” position: the athlete lies on the ground or on a special rug, leaning on his elbows. The weapon must be held with both hands and the right shoulder (for a left-handed athlete - the left). During aiming, the cheek of the shooter can be pressed against the butt of the rifle. The forearms are clearly separated from the mat. The forearm of the left hand supporting the rifle must form an angle of at least 30 degrees with the surface of the firing position. The use of a gun sling is permitted.

The position "from the knee": the athlete sits on a bent leg, under the rise of which a roller is placed. The foot of the front foot, the knee and the toe of the other foot are on the ground or on the mat. The weapon is held with two hands and the right shoulder. The elbow of the left hand holding the rifle must rest on the left knee and cannot be more than 100 mm forward or 150 mm backward from the kneecap. The use of a gun sling is permitted.

Standing position: the athlete is standing. The weapon is held with two hands, the right shoulder, the cheek and part of the chest near the right shoulder. The butt rests against the shoulder of the opposite hand. The use of a gun sling is not permitted.

To prepare for the exercise, athletes are given at least 10 minutes.
The use of special shooting suits and boots is allowed.
It is forbidden to use optical sights, but it is possible to use a lens that corrects vision.

Pistol shooting

Pistols for performing sports shooting exercises are divided by type into pneumatic, small-caliber and large-caliber (revolver). Air pistols of 4.5 mm caliber are allowed, operating on compressed air or compressed gas and loaded when firing with only one bullet. All pellets for air pistols must be made of lead or similar soft material. Small-caliber pistols - caliber 5.6 mm chambered for side fire. Large-caliber pistol (center-fire revolver) - caliber from 7.62 to 9.65 mm.

Pistols and revolvers are fired only while standing, holding the weapon in a freely outstretched hand.
In speed events, the competition rules impose a special requirement on the preparation before the start of the exercise: the hand with the weapon must be tilted down, at an angle of at least 45 ° to the direction of shooting.

When performing an exercise, the shooter must be in the shooting place (firing position) assigned to him, not moving beyond the front border of the firing line and not leaning on anything during shooting.

Before the start of the exercise, the shooters are given time to prepare, depending on the type of exercise. It is forbidden to use optical sights, but it is possible to use a lens that corrects vision.

Shooting at a moving target

Shooting at a moving target is carried out from single-shot rifles. For shooting at 50 m, a small-caliber rifle (5.6 mm caliber) chambered for side fire is used. For shooting at 10 m - an air rifle (4.5 mm caliber) operating on compressed air or gas. The use of optical sights is allowed. At 50 m, the magnification of the sight is not limited, at 10 m the magnification is limited (4 times). The use of special shooting jackets is allowed.

For shooting at 50 m, a “Running Boar” target is used with a painted silhouette of a wild boar and a target located in the middle of the body.

For shooting at 10 m, a target is used, as for shooting from an air rifle, but with aiming points located on the left and right (electronic target), or a paper target with an aiming point between two targets.

The targets move alternately from right to left and from left to right, passing through an open space - a “window”. The passage of the “window” by the target is called the run. The target must pass the “window” with a slow run - in 5 seconds, with a fast run - in 2.5 seconds. Only one shot is fired in each run. In each half of the exercise, before the test runs, the shooter is given 4 test runs - 2 on the right and on the left side of the movement. In test runs, the target moves at the same speed as in the subsequent scoring series. Shooting at moving targets is carried out only from the “standing” position and takes place from a vskid, and before the target appears in the run window, the butt of the weapon must be at the waist.

In official ISSF documents and international competition scorecards, short names of events are used, including the shooting distance, type of weapon and number of shots (for example: "50 m. Free rifle. 3x40 shots"). For each exercise, an abbreviation has been introduced, two letters of which indicate the type of weapon (for example, MV - small-caliber rifle; PP - air pistol, etc.), and the numbers - the serial number of this exercise in the national sports classification for shooting.

VP-6 (AR60)- pneumatic rifle. Distance 10 m. Target No. 8. 60 shots standing. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.

MV-6 (FR3X40)- arbitrary small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 40 shots lying down (1 hour 00 minutes), 40 standing (1 hour 30 minutes), 40 from the knee (1 hour 15 minutes). In each of the positions, an unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the performance of the test shots. The winner is determined by the sum of points scored in three positions.

MV-9 (FR60PR)- standard small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the prone position, 60 shots. The total time for shooting from three positions is 1 hour 45 minutes. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.

PP-3 (AP60)- shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 60 shots. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the start of record shots.

MP-6 (FP)- arbitrary small-caliber pistol. Distance 50 m. Target No. 4. 60 shots. Time 2 h 00 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.

MP-8 (RFP)- rapid-fire small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 m. 5 simultaneously appearing targets No. 5. 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots; the shooter fires one shot at each of the five simultaneously appearing targets. The exercise is divided into 2 halves, each of which consists of two series of 8 s, two of 6 s, and two of 4 s. Before the start of test shooting in each half of the exercise, one trial series is performed for 8 s. First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

VP-4 (AR40)- pneumatic rifle. 40 shots standing. Time 1 hour 15 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.

MV-5 (STR3X20)- Shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x20 shots.

PP-2 (AP40): shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 40 shots.

MP-5 (SP)- a standard (sports) small-caliber pistol (in the international classification, a pistol for the MP-5 exercise) is usually called a sports pistol, although this is the same pistol from which the MP-10 exercise is performed. Distance 25 m. The exercise is divided into two parts. The first - 30 shots - is carried out on a fixed target No. 4, the second - 30 shots - on an emerging target No. 5. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots at one target. In the first half, each series is completed in 6 minutes; in the second half in each series, the target appears 5 times for 3 seconds, during which the shooter fires one shot (pauses between the appearances of the target - 7 s). First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

Non-Olympic exercises (bullet shooting)

VP-1- shooting from an air rifle, distance 10 m. Position - leaning on a table, standing or sitting, 20 shots.

VP-2- shooting from an air rifle, distance 10 m. Position - standing, 20 shots.

MV-1- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m (25 m). Position - lying down from the stop, 10 shots.

MV-2- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m (25 m). Position - lying from the belt, 10 shots.

MV-4- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x10 shots.

MV-7- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position - standing, 40 shots.

MV-8- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position - lying, 30 shots.

MV-9zh (STR60PR)- sports small-caliber rifle. The execution conditions correspond to exercise MB-9.

PV-3- shooting from a large-caliber rifle, distance 100 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x10 shots.

PV-4- shooting from a large-caliber rifle, distance 300 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x10 shots.

PV-5- shooting from a large-caliber rifle, distance 300 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x20 shots.

PV-6 (300FR3X40)- arbitrary large-caliber rifle. Distance 300 m. Target No. 3. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 40 shots lying down (1 hour 15 minutes), 40 standing (1 hour 45 minutes), 40 from the knee (1 hour 30 minutes). In each of the positions, an unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the performance of the test shots. The winner is determined by the sum of points scored in three positions

PV-9 (300FR60PR)- arbitrary large-caliber rifle. Distance 300 m. Target No. 3. 60 prone shots. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.

AV-3- shooting from a large-caliber standard rifle, distance 100 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x10 shots.

AV-4- shooting from a large-caliber standard rifle, distance 300 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3x10 shots.

AB-5 (300STR3X20)- standard large-caliber rifle. Distance 300 m. Target No. 3. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 20 shots prone, 20 standing, 20 kneeling. The total time for shooting from three positions is 2 hours 30 minutes. In each of the positions, an unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the performance of the test shots. (Until 1969, the exercise was carried out from an army rifle adopted by the country that was the organizer of the international competition. Since 1969, a standard large-caliber rifle has been introduced, but the former abbreviation AB has been preserved in the domestic competition rules for the exercise.)

PP-1- shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 20 shots.

MP-1- shooting from a sports small-caliber pistol, distance 25 m, 10 shots.

MP-2- shooting from a sports small-caliber pistol at an emerging target, a distance of 25 m, 30 shots.

MP-3- shooting from an arbitrary small-caliber pistol, distance 50 m, 30 shots.

MP-4- shooting from a sports small-caliber pistol, distance 25 m, 30 shots.

MP-7- shooting from a rapid-fire small-caliber pistol, distance 25 m, 5 emerging targets, 30 shots.

MP-9- shooting from a standard small-caliber pistol, distance 25 m, 30 shots.

MP-10 (STP)- standard small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 m. Target No. 4. 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots. One target. The exercise is divided into 3 parts. The first consists of four series of 150 s, the second of four series of 20 s, and the third of four series of 10 s. Before the start of test shooting, one trial series is performed for 150 s.

MP-11- shooting from an arbitrary small-caliber pistol, distance 50 m, 40 shots.

RP-1- shooting from a pistol (revolver) of central combat, a distance of 25 m, 10 shots.

RP-2- firing from a pistol (revolver) of central combat, a distance of 25 m, 30 shots.

RP-4- firing from a pistol (revolver) of central combat, distance 25 m, 30 shots

RP-5 (CFP)- large-caliber pistol (revolver). The conditions for performing this exercise correspond to exercise MP-5.

MV-10- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, a distance of 50 m. The speed of movement is slow. 20 shots.

MV-11- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Movement speed - slow and fast. 20+20 shots.

MV-11a (50RTMIX)- small-caliber rifle with an optical sight. Distance 50 m. Target "Running boar". The exercise consists of 2 series of 20 shots. In each series, on each side, the movement is performed by 5 slow (2 m/s) and 5 fast (4 m/s) runs, the sequence of which is randomly mixed and unknown to the shooter (the so-called "mixed run"). The open space that the target passes is 10 m. Before each series, one slow and one fast run is performed on each side of the movement.

MV-12 (50RT)- small-caliber rifle with an optical sight. Distance 50 m. Target "Running boar". The exercise is divided into 2 series: 30 shots at a target moving at a speed of 2m/s (" slow run") and 30 shots at a target moving 4 m/s ("quick run"). The target is shown from behind cover and alternately from right to left and left to right passes an open space equal to 10 m. Before the first series, the shooter is given 4 trial runs at slow speed; before the second series - 4 trial runs at fast speed.

VP-10- shooting from an air rifle, distance 10 m. Movement speed - slow. 20 shots.

VP-11 (10RT20)- differs from the VP-12 exercise in that in each of its series 30, and 20 shots are performed.

VP-11a (10RTMIX)- an air rifle with an optical sight. Distance 10 m. Moving target with a black circle. The open space that the target passes through is 2 m. The rest of the execution conditions correspond to MB11a.

VP-12 (10RT)- an air rifle with an optical sight. Distance 10 m. Moving target with a black circle. The open space that the target passes through is 2 m. The rest of the execution conditions correspond to MB-12. Olympic exercise, men.

bullet shooting

Performances of athletes-shooters are conducted from rifles and pistols (pneumatic, small-caliber and large-caliber).

Every year shooting competitions are held at various levels: from regional to World and European championships. Currently, the rules of the International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF) for bullet shooting provide for 15 men's and 7 women's exercises, which are included in the programs of international competitions. 6 men's and 4 women's exercises from this list are included in the mandatory Olympic program.

As the world of shooting sports developed, championship programs expanded due to the introduction of new exercises and the number of participants in the competition continuously increased. The program of the first World Championship differed significantly from the program of shooting competitions at the first Olympic Games held the year before. If at the Games of 1896 five exercises were performed (two in rifle shooting and three in pistol shooting), then in the program of the 1897 World Championship there was only one exercise, and until 1900 the participants competed only in rifle shooting. In 1900, the program was supplemented with another discipline - pistol shooting, and starting from 1949, the International Shooting Sports Union officially introduced shooting at a moving target (as well as clay shooting) into the program of its championships.

By 1994, the program of the world championships had stabilized in general, but continued to become more complex within the framework of individual disciplines. So, for example, in 2002, shooting from large-caliber rifles at 300 meters for women was introduced. In the same year, the women's program was supplemented with a new exercise - shooting from an air rifle at a moving target. In 2002, at the championship in Lahti, participants in shooting competitions performed a total of 43 exercises (men - 15, women - 9, boys - 12, and girls - 7). 86 sets of personal and team awards were played.

Bench shooting

Bench shooting - shooting at special flying targets known as clay pigeons. Shooting is carried out from a smoothbore, but not a pneumatic gun. The maximum caliber for sport target shooting is 12 gauge.

Shooting at sports targets can be practiced by people of any gender and age. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in the participation of women and children, which makes target shooting a family sport.

Skit(round stand) and ladder(trench stand) became classic clay exercises by the end of the 1920s, when regular world championships began to be held. In 1952 trap shooting was again included in the Olympic program - shooting on a trench stand, in 1968 it was added - shooting on a round stand. In 1962, women also became participants in the world championships. But only in 1996, a women's exercise was included in the Olympic program - shooting on a trench stand.

Sporting

Sporting is a kind of trap shooting that combines almost all sports and hunting disciplines - shooting at targets flying through the air and moving on the ground, simulating the flight of birds and the running of animals in the conditions of natural terrain with its various trajectories.

Rifle shooting

At the world championships in 1897, 1898 and 1899, participants performed only one exercise - shooting from an arbitrary large-caliber rifle at 300 meters in three positions: lying, kneeling and standing (3x40 shots).

In 1897, a target with a diameter of 100 cm with an aiming apple of 60 cm was divided into five dimensional rings (from "one to five"). The following year, a target with the same dimensions was divided into ten dimensional rings (from "one" to "tens") and since then it has not undergone any changes. Until 1994, individual and team championships in the PV-6 exercise were played both in terms of total points (3x40 shots) and in individual positions (with the exception of the period from 1949 to 1966, when team competitions were not held in separate positions). In 1982, they stopped playing the championship in the prone position, but instead, personal and team competitions began to be held in a new exercise - 60 prone shots from an arbitrary large-caliber rifle at 300 meters (PV-9).

In 1911, shooting at 300 meters from a large-caliber army rifle in the prone, kneeling and standing positions was introduced into the program of the world championships. At this championship, 30 shots were performed in each position, but from 1912 the number of shots in positions was reduced to 20. From 1911 to 1962, this exercise (AB-5) was performed from a rifle in service with the army of the country that held the World Championship, but in 1966 and 1970, participants could use an army rifle of any system. Since 1974, the AB-5 exercise has been performed from a standard large-caliber rifle. Until 1947, the title of world champion in the AB-5 exercise was played both by total points and in individual positions; but team competitions began to be held only from 1935 (and only on the total amount of points of the three positions).

The first attempt to include shooting from a small-caliber rifle at 50 meters in the program of the world championships was made in 1924. Then competitions were held for women who performed 20 standing shots at a target with a diameter of 50 cm, divided into 10 dimensional rings (with a black apple diameter of 20 cm), and the occupied places were determined first by the number of shots that hit the target, then by the number of holes in black apple of the target and only then by "tens", "nines", etc. Such competitions were held only once, and until 1958 women no longer participated in the world championships.

The next time shooting from an arbitrary small-caliber rifle at 50 meters was included in the program of the 1929 World Championship. The exercise consisted of 40 prone and 40 standing shots, but the championship was played only in certain positions. In 1930, the exercise was supplemented with 40 shots from the knee, but until 1937 the championship was still determined in separate positions. To determine the winners in this exercise (MB-6) by the total amount of points (and in separate positions) began in 1937. The team championship in the sum of three positions has been played since 1949. Both personal and team competitions in separate lying positions, with kneeling and standing positions were performed from 1930 to 1958 (and from 1962 to 1990 only in kneeling and standing positions). Since 1994, in the MV-6 exercise, the winners in the individual and team championships are determined only by the total sum of the points of the three positions.

From 1929 to 1958, for shooting from small-caliber rifles at 50 meters, a target with a diameter of 250 mm was used, with a black apple of 120 mm and a "tens" diameter of 20 mm. In 1958, the target was reduced and the diameter of the "tens" became 12.4 mm. Soon the shooting results again approached the limit, in connection with which in 1989 a new target was introduced with a "ten" equal to 10.4 mm.

In 1947, a new exercise was introduced into the program of the first post-war world championship - 60 prone shots from an arbitrary small-caliber rifle (30 shots at 50 meters plus 30 shots at 100). This exercise is called "English match". In 1962, the "English match" was replaced by the MV-9 exercise (60 prone shots at 50 m).

At the 1966, 1970 and 1974 world championships, in addition to the MV-6 and MV-9 exercises, men competed in shooting from a standard small-caliber rifle in three positions (3x20 shots). In the future, this exercise was excluded from the men's program.

Competitions for women at the world championships have been held since 1958, when two exercises were introduced for them: the "English match" and shooting in three positions from an arbitrary small-caliber rifle (3x30 shots). Since 1966, an arbitrary small-caliber rifle in female exercises replaced by standard. At the same time, in shooting from three positions, women began to perform not 3x30, but 3x20 shots, i.e. exercise MV-5 was introduced. Since 1998, women began to perform exercises MV-9 and MV-5 from the so-called sporting rifle, which is actually arbitrary.

Shooting from air rifles at 10 meters was first performed by men in 1966 and by women at the next world championship, in 1970. Until 1982, both men and women performed an exercise consisting of 40 shots, and since 1982 the number of shots for men was increased to sixty and the VP-6 exercise appeared. Until 1989, a target with a "ten" was used for shooting from an air rifle, the diameter of which was 1.0 mm. In 1989, the target was reduced and the diameter of the "tens" became equal to 0.5 mm, but despite this, the shooting results continued to grow and in 2000 an absolute world record was set in the VP-6 exercise (600 points), and in 2002 and in exercise VP-4 (400 points).

In 2002, for the first time, women competed for world champion medals in 300-meter high-caliber free rifle shooting, performing two exercises: AB-5 (3x20 shots) and PV-9 (60 prone shots).

Pistol shooting

Before 1900 at the world championships, shooting was carried out only from large-caliber rifles. In 1900, 50 m pistol shooting was introduced into the championship program for the first time. Participants fired 60 shots at a target with a diameter of 500 mm, divided into ten dimensional rings. From 1900 to 1903, a six-shot large-caliber revolver was used for this exercise, which since 1904 was replaced by a single-shot small-caliber pistol of an arbitrary design, i.e. appeared modern exercise MP-6. It should be noted that the target for the MP-6 exercise in our time is no different from the one used in 1900.

Shooting from a semi-automatic small-caliber pistol at 25 m at a group of emerging targets at the world championships was first performed in 1935. In the entire history of shooting sports, not a single exercise has undergone such changes as this, which gradually turned into a modern MP-8 exercise. In 1935, shooting was carried out at six emerging targets. The target, 163 cm high, was a black silhouette of a figure of a walking person (there were no overall zones on the target). The exercise consisted of three series of 6 shots; each series was completed in 8 seconds. The championship was determined by the number of hits. Trial shots were not allowed, and any delays and misfires were counted as misses.

Championship in 1937 the same targets were used. But the content of the exercise changed and three series were performed in it: one in 8 seconds, one in 6 and one in 4 seconds. The championship was determined by the smallest number of penalty points, which were used to evaluate misses.

By the 1939 World Championships, the targets and the content of the exercise had changed again. As before, shooting was carried out at six silhouettes, but the human figures were depicted in a simplified way. Superiority was determined by the number of hits on the target.

At the first post-war world championship in 1947, shooting was carried out at five targets with oval overall zones (the height of the "tens" was 150 mm, and the width was 100 mm). As at present, the exercise was divided into two halves, in each of which two sets of 8 seconds, two of 6 and two of 4 seconds were performed. The superiority was determined by the number of hits, and the overall zones were used in order to reveal the advantage with an equal number of hits.

Since 1958, the championship is determined not by the number of hits, but by the sum of points in the exercise. Subsequently, the configuration and dimensions of the emerging target were changed several times. At the 1986 World Championships, shooting was carried out at rectangular targets 75 cm high and 45 cm wide with oval overall zones from "ten" to "six". Starting from the championship in 1990, a target with a diameter of 500 mm with five overall zones (from "ten" to "five") was introduced, located on a white square blank. The diameter of the "tens" of this target is 100 mm

In 1949, the championship program was supplemented by the RP-5 exercise - shooting from a large-caliber revolver or center-fire pistol at 25 m (30 shots at a stationary target and 30 at an emerging one).

At the 1962 World Championships, women competed for the first time in pistol shooting, which was subsequently excluded from the program of women's competitions.

10m air pistol shooting has been introduced into the world championship program since 1970, when men and women performed a 40-shot exercise (PP-2). Until 1989, for exercises PP-2 and PP-3, a target with a "ten" equal to 12 mm was used. In 1989, a reduced target was introduced, the "tens" diameter of which is 11.5 mm.

Beginning in 1970, participants in the world championships began to perform the MP-10 exercise - shooting from a standard small-caliber pistol at an emerging target (4 series of 150 seconds, 4 series of 20 and 4 series of 10 seconds - all series of 5 shots). Women performed this exercise only once - in 1970.

Shooting at a moving target

The world championships in shooting at a moving target have been held since 1929. Shooting was carried out at 100 m from an arbitrary rifle at a "running deer" target. Two exercises were performed: 50 single and 25 double shots. Until 1949, the title of world champion in these events was usually played at the same time as the UIT World Championships, but under the control and according to the rules of the International Federation of Shooting Sporting and Hunting Weapons (FITASC). Officially, shooting at a moving target and trap shooting were included in the program of the UIT World Championships only in 1949. The "running deer" target had five concentric dimensional rings with a "five" diameter of 150 mm.

In 1966, shooting from a large-caliber rifle at a "running deer" target was replaced by shooting from a small-caliber rifle at 50 meters at a "running roe deer" target; this target also had five dimensional rings, but not concentric, but oval. In shooting at a running roe deer, 40 shots were fired (20 slow target runs and 20 fast ones).

At the 1967 championship, shooting was carried out at a new target - the "running boar", on which there were five concentric overall rings, and the "five" had a diameter of 50 mm. From 1969 to the present time, the target has been divided into 10 overall rings with a "ten" 60 mm in diameter.

Since the 1967 championship rifles for shooting at moving targets are allowed to use optical sights.

By 1970, in addition to the MV-11 exercise (20 + 20 shots), the MV-11a exercise was introduced, in which 20 slow and 20 fast target runs are performed in a sequence unknown to the shooter in advance. Since 1970, instead of the MV-11 exercise at the world championships, they began to perform the MV-12 exercise (30 + 30 shots).

Shooting at a moving target at 10 meters with an air rifle was introduced into the program of the World Championships in 1981. Initially (until 1989), men performed the VP-11 exercise (20 + 20 shots) at a target on which a running wild boar was depicted, reduced in proportion to the shooting distance compared to a target for 50 m. On a target for shooting from an air rifle, the diameter is "tens " was at first equal to 6 mm, but then reduced to 5.5 mm. In 1989 the VP-11 exercise was replaced by the VP-12 exercise with 30 slow runs and 30 fast runs. At the same time, a new target was introduced with a black apple for aiming and two targets located to the right and left of it, the diameter of the "tens" of which is 5.5 mm. When running from right to left, the shot is fired at the left target, and when running in the opposite direction - at the right. In 1994, the championship program was supplemented by the VP-11a exercise, which is similar in content to the MV-11a exercise, but is performed from an air rifle.

In the women's program of the world championships, air rifle shooting at a moving target was introduced in 1994, when women and girls performed the VP-11 exercise in the individual championship. At the next championship, both individual and team championships were played, and in 2002 women and girls already performed two exercises - VP-11 and VP-11a.

Bench shooting

Shooting at sports targets is divided into three main groups: trench stand, round stand and double-trap.

Trench stand (Trap)

An exercise that shooters perform while standing on the same line of fire, at the end of the 19th century. received the name "trench stand", and abroad - "trap", from the English trap - hunting. In this exercise, the targets are thrown in different directions, and shooting at them requires good reaction and high speed.

Round stand (skeet)

The name of an American - Davis from Androver - is associated with the emergence in the mid-1920s. a round stand or "skit" (the word has Scandinavian roots), where the targets fly along constant trajectories, and the athletes, moving in a circle from one shooting station to another, fire at different angles.

Targets are served singly or in doublets from two machines located at a distance of about 40 meters from each other at opposite ends of a semicircular arc, on which seven shooting stations are located. Targets are launched with predetermined trajectories and speed.

This discipline uses single and double target combinations, totaling 25 targets in a series. Targets are launched from high and low booths with a fixed trajectory and speed. Shooting is carried out from seven shooting stations located in the form of a semicircular arc. A hit target counts as one point, the maximum number of points is 25.

Double trap - simultaneous shooting at paired targets (doublet)

Sporting

Double shooting (double - sporting)

This is one of the types of sports and hunting shooting, united by the general term "sporting", which has a number of organizational features, in which shooting is carried out at doublets, equally produced for one shooting place. Each shooting station is usually located at a distance from each other. It is acceptable to use single targets in a series to ensure the multiplicity. Two single targets for a 50-shot series, 4 single targets for a 100-shot series and 6 single targets for a 50-shot series.

This is one of the types of sports and hunting shooting, united by the common term - sporting, characterized in that the shooting of a series of 25 targets is carried out on limited areas, either on standard sites of round and trench stands, or on sites of sizes close to them. Maximum range target destruction is no more than 35 m.

In international practice, it is called in one word - sporting. Along with this, the term "sporting" is used as a unifying term for all types of sports and hunting shooting. This type sports and hunting shooting, compared to compact sporting and other types, is much more complex in organization, requires more throwing equipment, and is carried out over vast areas of terrain.

Sporting (large) is the most complex in terms of the variety of target trajectories, the presence of the longest shooting distances, and is distinguished by strict requirements for the preparation of the shooter. Complicating elements include the fact that the shooter, as a rule, does not see the target at the moment it is launched by the machine, while the referee duplicates the shooter's command (by whistle, wave of the hand, by radio, etc.), because some of the machines can be serviced by a loader - a launcher located behind a natural or artificial shelter.

Sporting (large) makes increased demands on shooters - to have necessary equipment, carry it around the area (as in a hunt), be able to distribute your forces, tk. to shoot a series of 25 targets, you have to move along the route from one shooting range to another, and at the same time make 4 - 5 starts in shooting. A series of 25 targets takes, as a rule, more than 1 hour in time (including transitions).

One of the disciplines of sporting, in which at each shooting point a target (cymbal) imitates the flight of a specific type of game (duck, goose, black grouse, woodcock, marsh game, pheasant, partridge, hare, grouse, etc.). This provides for the most common hunting pair flights of targets or simultaneous flights in one direction or flights from closely spaced cars.

Competition program - 100, 150, 200 targets. Approach shooting (hunting trail) - minimum 5 different bird flight paths, minimum number of cars - 10 pcs. Trail distance - up to 30 m. Shooting distance is divided into 10 identical sectors. The target is served at the time without the command of the shooter during his movement arbitrarily in each sector, according to individual program unknown to the athlete. The program is determined by a draw.

A single throwing machine is installed on the site, placed in a structure with a width of about 2.5 m and a front height of 0.91 m. Five shooting positions at a distance of 2.75 m from each other form an arc 14.5 m away from the body of the machine. Targets ( standard size and usually black or bright orange depending on the background) have a fixed speed and lift height, but can move side to side up to a maximum of 22.5 degrees either side of a straight line. In calm weather, they should fly a distance of 48 - 50 m. Sighting targets are adjusted to pass through a hoop with a diameter of 0.91 m, located at a height of 2.7 m and at a distance of 9 m along the axis.

Hellice in French means "helicopter", and the target is a plastic helicopter with two wings, the central part of the body is a white insert. The aim of shooting is to hit the target with enough force to cause the center piece to separate and fall within the set fence.

The area closely resembles the traditional Live Pigeon area, and is equipped with five target launchers arranged in an arc at a distance of 4.5 m and facing the athlete, who is on a track 7 m long. The nearest point of the track is at a distance of 21 m from throwing machines, and the shooter moves back further to complicate shooting. A 60 cm high fence is installed 21 m behind the line of throwing machines.

Target launchers are equipped with small vibrating motors that spin the targets at high speeds. When launched, the target moves in an indefinite direction, and its flight is completely unpredictable. A characteristic feature of the competition in this type of shooting is a small number of targets - usually no more than 25. Athletes have to wait a long time between launching targets in order to be able to concentrate carefully. The shooter approaches the mark, takes position and announces "ready". This serves as a signal to start the engines. On the command "give" the shutter in front of one of the targets leans back, and the target is released. The choice of throwing machine is erratic. The athlete is allowed to fire two shots, but has only a couple of seconds to shoot before the target goes over the fence. The target is considered to be hit if the central white disk is completely separated and falls within the marked area. If only the wing of the target is broken, the process is repeated.

This term, also known colloquially as "Five Cars", refers to five traps located on the same platform. The Universal Trench is a variant of the international shooting discipline, the Olympic Trench. But unlike the Olympic Trench, major championships are usually open to individual shooters, as well as official teams, as long as the target number is not exceeded, allowing the amateur shooter to experience the atmosphere of large shooting competitions over wide areas.

He is relatively new discipline in sports target shooting and is a joint technology product related to target launchers. There is only one automatic machine on the site, which provides a constant change in the angle and height of the targets. This feature provides a huge variety of targets for shooters, but the targets are thrown randomly. The main program of the competition is two days long and includes shooting at 200 targets.

The AVT has five shooting stations located on the same line at a distance of three meters from each other, which in turn are located 15 meters from the machine. The shooting line can be straight, as in the Olympic trap, or curved along a radius of 15 meters. The machine is installed above ground level.

The area shaped like a semicircle is used for the Round Stand by The American National Skeet Shooting Association (NSSA), but with a more obvious difference, station 8 is added in the center of the axis. Standard targets are used with traps mounted in such a way that the targets fly 55 m in calm weather. Targets are launched both from the "high" and "lower" buildings, passing the zone of the intersection point. A boundary mark is made - 40 m from each body of the throwing machine, i.e. limits are set within which the target must be hit.

For all versions of the Round Stand, the same main semicircular platform is provided. The axis of the semicircle is 36.8 m, on which two throwing machines are installed at both ends. On the left side, a "high booth" is installed with a throwing machine that launches targets from a height of 3.05 m; on the right side, a "low booth" is installed with a throwing machine located in such a way that the targets are launched from a height of 1.07 m. 50 - 52 m. Boundary markings are made at a distance of 40.2 m in front of each body of the throwing machine and determine the boundaries within which the targets must be considered hit. Around the semicircle at a distance of 8.13 m there are 7 shooting stations measuring 91x91 square meters. see, the first shooting station is next to the "high booth".

Five wooden shooting stations with bars are placed in one line at a distance of 3 m from the centers of each other, the numbers of the shooting stations are from 1 to 5. The size of the shooting stations (numbers) is 1.2 x 1.2 m, plus / minus 20 cm. Shooting numbers must be designed in such a way that they can only be entered from the rear, a limit bar at the front of the shooting station is provided at a maximum height of 60 cm. The board in front of the number indicates the shooting program for which the athlete must shoot from this station.

Four to five throwing machines should be installed on each site. They can be placed anywhere, provided that the location of the throwing machines and the trajectory of the targets do not pose a danger to both athletes and spectators. The compilers of the shooting program can use the whole set of standard and special targets (hares, batu, midi, etc.) of any color. The proportion of non-standard targets should not exceed 30% of the entire program.

sports shooting- a sport in which athletes compete in shooting accuracy with different types weapons.

The history of the emergence and development of sports shooting

Shooting sport is considered one of the most ancient applied types sports. It appeared in the distant times of bows and crossbows. In the middle of the XIV century, bows and crossbows evolved into firearms, after which bullet shooting began to develop actively.

In 1449, the first shooting societies began to appear in France, later they appeared in England and the USA.

In 1896, rifle and pistol shooting competitions were included in the program of the first Olympic Games in 1896, and from 1897 world championships in bullet shooting began to be held regularly.

Types of sports shooting

bullet shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting from pneumatic, small-caliber, large-caliber rifles and pistols. Bullet shooting is an Olympic sport, in particular, the Olympic program includes 5 exercises for shooting from a rifle (MV-5, VP-4, MV-6, MV-9, VP-6) and the same number from a pistol (MP-5, PP-2, MP-6, MP-8, PP-3).

Abbreviations for the type of weapon:

VP- pneumatic rifle
MV- small caliber rifle
AB- standard large-caliber rifle
PV- random large-caliber rifle
PP- air gun
MP- small caliber pistol
RP- revolver-pistol of the central battle.

Exercises:

MV-5- shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position - lying, standing, kneeling, 3 × 20 shots.

VP-4- Pneumatic rifle. 40 shots standing. Time 1 hour 15 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.

MV-6— Any small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 40 shots prone (1 hour 00 minutes), 40 standing (1 hour 30 minutes), 40 kneeling (1 hour 15 minutes). In each of the positions, an unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the performance of the test shots. The winner is determined by the sum of points scored in three positions.

MV-9— Any small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the sequence: 20 shots prone, 20 standing, 20 kneeling. The total time for shooting from three positions is 2 hours 30 minutes. In each of the positions, an unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the performance of the test shots.

VP-6- Pneumatic rifle. Distance 10 m. Target No. 8. 60 shots standing. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.

MP-5- a standard (sports) small-caliber pistol (in the international classification, a pistol for the MP-5 exercise) is usually called a sports pistol, although this is the same pistol from which the MP-10 exercise is performed. Distance 25 m. The exercise is divided into two parts. The first - 30 shots - is carried out on a fixed target No. 4, the second - 30 shots - on an emerging target No. 5. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots at one target. In the first half, each series is completed in 6 minutes; in the second half in each series, the target appears 5 times for 3 seconds, during which the shooter fires one shot (pauses between the appearances of the target are 7 seconds). First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

PP-2- shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 40 shots.

PP-3- shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 60 shots. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before the start of record shots.

MP-6- an arbitrary small-caliber pistol. Distance 50 m. Target No. 4. 60 shots. Time 2 h 00 min. An unlimited number of trial shots are allowed before scoring shots are fired.

MP-8- fast-firing small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 m. 5 simultaneously appearing targets No. 5. 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots; the shooter fires one shot at each of the five simultaneously appearing targets. The exercise is divided into 2 halves, each of which consists of two series of 8 s, two of 6 s, and two of 4 s. Before the start of test shooting in each half of the exercise, one trial series is performed for 8 s. First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

The numbers in the abbreviations indicate the serial number of the exercise in the national sports classification for shooting.

Bench shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting at open shooting ranges. Shooting is carried out with shot from smoothbore guns at special targets-plates.

The Olympic Games include 3 disciplines of clay shooting:

• Round stand - athletes fire on skeet, moving from one shooting place to another (8 in total), as well as changing the angle of fire relative to the trajectories of outgoing targets.
• Trench stand - athletes fire at skeet thrown out of the trench in a random direction.
• Double-trap - the same as the trench stand, but the plates are thrown in pairs and the shooting is carried out in a doublet.

Practical shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, the purpose of which is the assimilation and development of techniques that most fully meet the various cases of the use of firearms.

Shooting skill is evaluated as a balance of three main components:

• Accuracy - points for hitting targets;
• Speed ​​- time from the start signal to the last shot;
• Power - the use of weapons of greater power is rewarded with more points awarded for hitting scoring areas of targets, in addition, a minimum caliber and a minimum power factor are established.

The result is the sum of the scores for hitting all targets, including penalties, divided by the execution time.

Shooting from the bench (benchrest) is one of the types of shooting sports, the goal of the athletes is to make five (or ten) shots at the scoring target; the smaller the group size, the higher the shooter will place in the end of the competition. Shooting is carried out while sitting at a special table with the rifle set at point-blank range for shooting.

There are the following disciplines of shooting from the table:

• benchrest BR-50 - shooting from small-caliber devices;
• short benchrest - shooting at a distance of 100, 200 or 300 (meters or yards);
• benchrest Long Range - shooting at a distance: 500, 600, 1000 (meters or yards) and a mile.

Varminting- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting at long and ultra-long distances, mainly at rodents. It is allowed to use artificial targets imitating the silhouette of marmots.

sniping- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting from sniper weapons.