The history of the games of the Olympiad and the modern sports movement. The physical education of children at the state level in ancient Greece began at the age of seven in a special institution called the palestra Talisman that brings happiness to any Olympian
As you know, athletes and fans are a bit superstitious. They half-jokingly, half-seriously believe in various signs, carry talismans with them. It is known, for example, that the best football goalkeeper of all time, Lev Yashin, kept his first cap for many decades.
When it became completely impossible to play in it, the great football player, a little embarrassed by curious questions and glances, put this half-decayed from time ... rag into his goal. And only then could he feel calm!
So at the Olympic Games - and this happened for the first time at the games in Mexico City - a mascot appeared. But not for someone personally, but for everyone - common, to bring happiness to any Olympian, any fan.
The jaguar became the mascot. And this, I must say, is one of the favorite animals of Mexico.
Everyone immediately liked the new Olympic custom. Four years later, a new talisman appeared in Munich - the dachshund Waldi. In Montreal, the traditional inhabitant of the Canadian forests, the beaver, became the mascot, and in Moscow in 1980, the famous and still beloved bear cub Misha.
And so it went. Now each Olympics has its own talisman, which personifies not only the Olympic spirit of victories, but also the way of life and the original culture of the host country of the Olympic Games.
The 2008 Beijing Olympics will not be an exception to the good old rules. The organizing committee of the Olympics in China decided that the talisman of the upcoming Summer Games will become CHILDREN OF LUCK or "bearing well-being."
There are five children of luck_ three boys and two girls. Each of the kids is individual and has its own character, each of them has a favorite sport and their own element.
Together, CHILDREN OF LUCK are a kind of ambassadors of the Olympics, their goal is to spread the Olympic spirit of friendship and peace throughout the world. The lucky symbols of the Beijing Olympics - the Fuwa mascots - represent the entire Chinese people, who appeal to all the peoples of the world with the most heartfelt wishes. It is no coincidence that if you combine the names of all five Children of Fortune together, you get: "Beijing welcomes you!"
The first of the five mascots is a girl named BAY-BEY in the form of a fish. Bay - Bay symbolizes prosperity and represents the blue Olympic ring and water sports sports.
Cheerful and joyful boy CHING-CHING in the form of a giant panda bears the idea of harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature. At heart, Jing - Jing considers himself a weightlifter and represents the black Olympic ring.
The symbol of the Olympic flame and team sports is the energetic young man HUAN - HUAN, who embodies the famous Olympic motto "Faster, higher, stronger!" and representing the red Olympic ring.
Fast and agile Ying - Ying in the form of a Tibetan antelope is a symbol of speed and at the same time of nature in China. This kid's favorite sport is Athletics. It represents the yellow Olympic ring, and is also the symbol of the "Green Olympic Games" (that is, environmentally friendly).
The final symbol of the 2008 Olympics is a cheerful and airy swallow girl named NI-NI. The swallow in Chinese culture is a symbol of spring and happiness, infinitely clear skies and good luck. Ni-Ni accompanies representatives of sports and rhythmic gymnastics, acrobatics and represents the green Olympic ring.
OLYMPIC FLAG.
The idea of hoisting the flag, like so much else in the Olympic movement, was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin. It was decided to raise the flag at the 1916 games. However, the First World War intervened.
And the flag is really beautiful: on a white satin cloth measuring two by three meters, there is an Olympic symbol - five interlaced, multi-colored rings, embodying the unity of athletes from five continents of the globe, their meeting at the Olympic Games. The rings are in strict order: blue for Europe, yellow for Asia, black for Africa, green for Australia and red for America.
The white field of the flag complements the idea of friendship of all the nations of the Earth without exception.
The flag was raised for the first time at the Olympic Games in 1920.
At the closing of the Games, the representative of the host city passes the flag to the President of the IOC. And he, in turn, hands the cloth to the mayor of the city, which becomes the owner of the future Games.
There is also an Olympic anthem, which is performed both at the Games and on other solemn occasions in the Olympic movement.
SACRED FIRE
The idea of lighting the Olympic flame right on the ancient ancestral home of this wonderful holiday was born by Coubertin back in 1912. He also thought over the whole solemn ritual of lighting the fire. A beam of sunlight collected by a concave mirror is directed to the torch. Here the torch is lit. Another second - and it flares up with a bright unquenchable fire!
This is cool! This for real beautiful ... And the sun over Olympia is still the same - ancient, wise, hot. And the ruins of ancient temples - and it is near them that the ceremony takes place - remember the heroes of the past Olympic Games ...
The tradition of lighting the Olympic flame at the stadium began in 1928 at the Games in Amsterdam. And on Winter Games it happened in 1952 in Oslo.
The Olympic torch relay, the first of which flares up in Olympia, first took place in 1936.
The torchbearers carry the lit fire day and night - in rain, snowfall, in a storm wind. Therefore, they must be very courageous people. But one more thing: together with the main torch, several more are lit (how to say - spare ones). Their fire is stored in special lamps - just in case.
Last steps, last lap on the path Olympic Stadium… This honor is usually given to the best, one of the most famous athletes countries where the Olympic Games are held.
OLYMPIC Oath
It has already become a tradition that oaths are pronounced at the opening of the Olympics. There are two of them. The first on behalf of the participants. The text was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin. True, now it has changed somewhat. This is how it sounds today:
“On behalf of all athletes, I promise that we will participate in these Games, respecting and abiding by the rules under which they are held, in a truly sporting spirit, for the glory of sport and for the honor of our teams.”
Simple, honest and very good words. Only real athletes, noble people, can speak like that. The first Olympic oath was taken in 1920. And at the games in Moscow in 1980. it was said by gymnast Nikolai Andrianov.
Oath of sports referees. Perhaps we should be especially proud of this Olympic tradition. She appeared at the Games-68 in Mexico City. And our Olympic Committee proposed it! The text of the oath is:
"On behalf of all judges and officials, I promise that we will carry out our duties during these Olympic Games with all impartiality, respecting and abiding by the rules under which they are held in a truly sporting spirit."
Here and in this oath intelligible. And most importantly - honest words.
Scenario of the Small Summer Olympic Games.
The camp is built on the sports ground.
1 reader: In the old days, in the ancient world 25 centuries ago
Cities did not live in peace, there was a war against brother brother.
And the wisest decided: eternal quarrels are terrible,
One can compete in courage and strength without war.
Let those who are brave and strong come to Olympia.
For peaceful battles it will be a battlefield - a stadium.
2 reader: From Ancient Greece, from Hellas, took an example and a new age,
modern man revived the Olympics.
It is good for envoys of all countries to gather, loving sports,
and no one here will feel like a foreigner.
Host: Each Olympics begins its report with an important moment - the raising of the Olympic flag. Words are not written on the flags, but people all over the world know that the five intertwined rings represent the UNITY of athletes from five continents of the globe in the Olympic movement, and the white flag complements the idea of friendship of all the nations of the Earth without exception.
Reader: I repeat the word of the usual command again:
I saw valor and glory, so many heroes, victories,
You, the Olympic banner, are the proud athletes' answer.
You are the start for all trials and end competitions.
Symbol of competitions and Olympic rings.
I repeat the word of the usual command again:
Olympic flag! To take out the banner - stand up!
6 people (3m + 3d) in a single uniform take out the Olympic banner, attach it to the flagpole, return to the line of athletes.
To the sounds of the Olympic anthem, the champions or the best athletes of the school (boy and girl) raise the flag.
Greek music sounds.
Host: Once every 4 years in distant Greece, on the slope of the sacred Mount Olympus, from the sun's rays, with the help of lenses, the most beautiful girls - Greek women (priestesses of fire) light the Olympic Flame. Torch, with sacred fire, passing like baton from hand to hand are the best athletes of the country through which lies the path to the capital of the new Olympics. Here comes the torch with the Olympic flame (school champion or Olympic Misha runs in with a torch in his hands). The torch is passed to the parade participant standing on the right flank. That, in turn, passes it to the left to the next child, and so on.
On the left flank is a participant who has to light the Olympic flame in the bowl (this can be either an honored guest, or another school champion in another sport). The Olympic flame is lit. (Perhaps during the transfer of the torch with fire, turn on the music “Heroes of Sports)
So, the Small Summer Olympic Games 2008. consider open.
Traditionally, at the opening of the Olympic Games, athletes and judges take an oath. We will not deviate from this tradition either.
Oath of the Olympians:
Who can compare with the nimble wind?
We are Olympians!
We are Olympians!
We swear to be honest, to strive for victory
We swear to achieve high records!
We swear! We swear! We swear!
Theoretical - methodological task
in physical culture for the 2010-2011 academic year.
1. for the first time the Olympic oath of athletes to fight honestly sounded in the year:
a) 1912; b) 1920; c) 1952; d) 1960;
2. For the first time, the Olympic flag was raised and the Olympic motto sounded during the Games:
a) V Olympics in Stockholm (1912);
b) VII Olympic Games in Antwerp (1920);
c) X Olympiad in Los Angeles (1932);
d) XI Olympiad in Berlin (1936)
3. The torch of the Olympic flame of modern games is lit:
a) in Sparta b) at Mount Olympus; c) in Olympia; d) Athens.
4. The talisman, as if bringing happiness to any Olympian, any fan, first appeared at the Games in:
a) 1968 in Mexico City; b) 1972 in Munich;
c) 1976 in Montreal; d) 1980 in Moscow.
5. Which sport is the second in terms of the number of medals played at the modern Olympic Games: a) athletics; b) cycling;
V) gymnastics; d) swimming?
6. Arteries are vessels that carry:
b) only venous blood;
c) blood from the heart to organs and tissues;
d) blood to the heart from organs and tissues.
7. Functions of the respiratory tract:
a) heating and humidification of the air, protection from dust and infection; b) protection from dust and infection, oxidation of organic substances;
c) protection from dust and infection, gas exchange;
d) heating and humidification of air, gas exchange.
8. When the arm is extended in the elbow joint, the following occurs:
a) contraction of the biceps and relaxation of the triceps muscles;
b) contraction of the biceps and triceps muscles;
d) relaxation of the biceps and triceps muscles;
9. To ensure muscle contraction, blood must bring to them:
a) water, oxygen and carbon dioxide;
b) oxygen and glucose;
c) water, glucose, oxygen and proteins;
d) carbon dioxide and water.
10. To determine the rate of blood clotting, it is necessary to do an analysis for:
b) longer exhalation;
c) equal duration of inhalation and exhalation;
d) inhale through the nose and exhale through the mouth.
13. The condition for strengthening health and improving volitional qualities is:
a) hardening of the body;
b) participation in competitions;
c) daily morning exercises;
d) doing physical exercises
14. A healthy lifestyle is a way of life aimed at:
a) the development of the physical qualities of people;
b) maintaining high working capacity of people;
c) preservation and improvement of people's health;
d) preparation for professional activity.
15. Health is understood as such a state of a person in which:a) its organs and systems operate efficiently and economically;
b) quickly recovers after physical and mental stress;
c) adverse climatic conditions are easily tolerated;
d) all of the above.
16. In the dynamics of performance after the phase of fatigue caused by physical activity, phase _________ follows
17. A temporary decrease in performance is commonly called ________________
18. Accentuated mastery of the elements of any sports discipline designated as _____________
19. The highest score is determined at the end of the competition by _____________________
20. A technical bonus in volleyball, with the help of which the ball is put into play, is called _____________
KEY:
1 - b, 2 - b, 3 - c, 4 - a, 5 - d, 6 - c, 7 - a, 8 - c,
9 – b, 10 – b, 11 – c, 12 – b, 13 – d, 14 – c, 15 – d,
to be especially proud of, She appeared at the B8 Games in Mexico City. And our Olympic Committee proposed it! The text of the oath is as follows: "On behalf of all judges and officials, I promise that we will carry out our duties during these Olympic Games with all impartiality respecting and observing the rules according to which they are held in a truly sporting spirit" And in this oath intelligible, and the main thing - responsible words!
2.5 Talisman
So far, we have all been talking about solemn and, so to speak, strict traditions. but there is a touching, kind, slightly funny tradition in holding the Olympic Games. As you know, athletes and fans are a bit superstitious. They - half jokingly, half seriously - believe in various signs, carry talismans with them. It is known, for example, that the best football goalkeeper of all time, Lev Yashin, kept his first cap for many decades. When it became completely impossible to play in it, the great footballer, a little embarrassed by curious questions and glances, put this half-decayed from time ... rag into his goal. And only then could I feel completely calm! So at the Olympic Games - and this happened for the first time at the Games in Mexico City - a mascot appeared. But not someone personally, but for everyone, common: to bring happiness to any Olympian, any fan. The jaguar became the mascot. And this, I must say, is one of the favorite animals in Mexico. Everyone immediately liked the New Olympic custom. Four years later, a new talisman appeared in Munich - the dachshund Waldi. In Montreal, the traditional resident of the Canadian forests has become a mascot - beaver... And so it went. A mascot was declared to be some pretty animal, as if the "owner" of the country where the Games were held. When the competition for the creation of the mascot of the Olympic Games in Moscow was announced, many famous artists took part in it. The best offer was a cute bear Misha, drawn by Moscow artist Viktor Alexandrovich Chizhikov.
Misha the talisman enjoyed incredible success in the USSR and around the world. It was a victory for the Russian artist.
The tradition of the Olympic mascot continues: in Los Angeles - the eaglet, in Seoul - the tiger cub Walkers. At the Winter Games in Lillehammer - an image of a boy and a girl, at the Games in Atlanta - a completely unlike creature "Izzy" ...
2.6 Awards
Of course, everyone knows about Olympic medals. They are awarded in each issue of the program - to the winner and prize-winners: gold, silver and bronze. For the third place the medal is really bronze, for the second place - really silver. But for the first place ... also silver, but covered with a thick layer of gold (at least 6 grams). The winners are also awarded badges. Accordingly - gold, silver, bronze. Athletes who take places from the first to the eighth in individual and team competitions receive diplomas IOC. Diplomas and commemorative medals are awarded to all participants of the Games and team officials. For special services to the Olympic movement, the IOC awards the Olympic Order. There are many citizens of the USSR and the current Russian Federation among those awarded with this highest sign of Olympic honor. The highest Golden Olympic Order was awarded to: in 1992, the first President of Russia, Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin, in 1998, Mayor of Moscow, Yuri Mikhailovich Luzhkov, and in 2001, President of Russia Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. The Silver Order was awarded to outstanding athletes: Len Yashin, Galina Kulakova, Alexander Medved, Elena Mukhina, Yuri Titov, Larisa Latynina, Lidia Skoblikova, Viktor Saneev, Galina Gorokhova, Boris Lagutin, Sergey Belov, Nikita Simonyan, Anatoly Kolesov, Alexander Tikhonov, Alexey Paramonov , Vyacheslav Starshinov, Vyacheslav Fetisov, Alexander Ragulin, Alexander Karelin, Anatoly Karpov, Vladimir Vasin. Irina Rodnina and Lyudmila Turishcheva were awarded the Bronze Order (now there is no such award). Among those awarded the Silver Order are coaches Alexander Gomelsky, Vladimir Maksimov, Leonid Arkaev, Konstantin Beskov, Viktor Tikhonov, Viktor Ivanov, doctor Zoya Mironova (she was also awarded the Bronze Order in 1976!), the famous commentator Nikolai Ozerov, chairman of the Organizing Committee of the Games of the XXII Olympiad 1980 in Moscow Ignatiy Novikov, the first mayor of St. Petersburg Anatoly Sobchak, the vice-mayor of Moscow Valery Shantsev and the head of the Rostov region Vladimir Chub, statesmen Genrikh Yushkevicius and Vitaly Ignatenko, sports leaders Konstantin Andrianov, Andrey Starovoitov, Valery Sysoev, Vyacheslav Koloskov, Anna Sinilkiva, Alexander Kozlovsky, Alexander Kozhukhov, Yuri Kooylov, Evgeny Polikanin, Vladimir Aleshin, Leonid Miroshnichenko, Valentin Piseev, Yuri Bychkov, Vladimir Panteleev, journalist Alexander Ratver and two of WTOOV of this book: Len Kofman and Vladimir Rodichenko. Bronze orders were awarded to two more leaders: Vladimir Smirnov and Leonid Khomenkov and journalist Alexander Ermakov.
3. How the Olympic Games are held
The charter precisely and strictly defines the rules by which the Olympic Games must be held. You can't deviate from the rules. But in addition to them, you can introduce something of your own, good. The Games of the Olympiad are held in the first year of the Olympiad, and the Olympic Winter Games in the third year of the Olympiad. Although until 1994 the Winter Games were held in the same year as the Olympic Games. The duration of the Games should not exceed sixteen. How is the capital of the Games chosen? This is a very responsible matter. The last decisive word belongs, of course, to the IOC. As you understand, there are more than one or two cities that would like to become the hosts of the Games. Each of them is visited by an evaluation commission specially created by the IOC. And only then at the Session of the IOC, this is the highest body of the Olympic authorities, the Olympic capital is elected. Unfortunately, due to the strong rivalry between candidate cities, scandals sometimes arise: not all IOC members observe an equally objective attitude towards each candidate. Yes, and there is still no exact indication in the Olympic Charter, according to which criteria the city should receive the right to host the Games. But let's be optimistic: the Charter is improving year by year... This is especially important for our country: after all, Moscow put forward its candidacy to host the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012. Most Olympic competitions must be held in the main city of the Games, unless specific permission has been given by the IOC to derogate from this rule. So, by the way, it was with us in 1980. As for the Olympic Winter Games, the IOC in some cases can act even more democratically. If the host city and its country do not have the opportunity to hold certain types of competitions, then they can even be transferred to another state. After the election of the host city of the Games, the National Olympic Committee and the city itself form an organizing committee, and a very representative one at that. After all, it is necessary to build all the required first-class sports facilities, equip them with the best equipment. Settle athletes, journalists, tourists. Yes, plus the organization of the competitions themselves, yes, plus security ... That's it: it so happened that the fight against cruel international terrorism came to the fore! ..
3.1 Opening and closing ceremonies
In recent years, the opening and closing ceremonies of the Games have become increasingly important. And if you try, you can make everything very beautiful and very interesting. You can make a real fusion of sports and art. So it happens when the organizers treat the matter with a soul. Many people remember the wonderful shots of the closing of the Moscow Olympic competitions, when a huge and so touching Misha flew from the Luzhnikov Stadium into the sky. But the wonderful sports and artistic festivals of opening and closing also have an official part - one that is described in detail and clearly in the Olympic Charter. The beginning of the opening ceremony - the appearance of the head of state at the stadium. Then the parade begins. In front of each delegation is a banner with the name of the country and the flag of the delegation is usually the national flag. It is carried by one of the athletes of each delegation. The teams are in alphabetical order of the host country. But the team of Greece always marches ahead - this is a sign of respect for those distant, but forever living in our memory, the Games of antiquity. And last comes the host team. Then the President of the Organizing Committee and the President of the IOC speak before the athletes, spectators... and, in fact, before the whole world (after all, television is right there!) Finally, the most solemn moment - the head of state declares the Olympic Games open. The Olympic anthem sounds. Supported by the hands of athletes, the Olympic flag floats into the stadium ... Here it is already fluttering on the flagpole. Second pause. An athlete appears on the stadium's running track with the Olympic torch in his hands ... Applause, shouts of greeting, the athlete makes a circle around the stadium, runs up the stairs to the place where the Olympic flame should be lit. The flame broke out, now it will not go out during all sixteen Olympic days and nights. Hundreds of white doves flew into the sky. The white dove is the messenger of peace. The standard-bearers who participated in the parade line up in a semicircle in front of a small tribune installed on the ground of the stadium. Now the Olympic oath will sound. As we know, it is spoken on behalf of all participants by the representative of the host country, one of the best athletes in the world. Here he raised his right hand! His left hand clutches the corner of the Olympic flag. The chiseled words of a solemn oath sound. Then one of the most respected sports referees in the world, also a representative of the host country, rises to the podium. He pronounces the judge's oath. The anthem of the host country is played. But now the Olympic competitions are over. Spectators gathered for the closing ceremony of the Games. The flag bearers enter the stadium in the same order as at the opening. They occupy a place in the center of the field. Then come the athletes. But now they are no longer separate delegations of their countries, but a single column whoever wants to with whom, who has become friends with whom. The anthems of Greece, the host country of the just ended Games and the future host country of the next Games, are played, and their flags are hoisted. The mayor of the current Olympic capital passes the flag of the Games to the President of the IOC, and he hands this flag, sacred to all Olympians, to the mayor of the city, which will host the Games in four years. There are speeches by the President of the Organizing Committee of the Games that have just ended, and by the President of the IOC, who declares the Games closed. The Olympic flame goes out. The flag of the Games slowly lowers to the sounds of the Olympic anthem.
3.2 Life and leisure of Olympians
The Moscow guys, perhaps at least once, have visited the Olympic Village. And if you come to Moscow for a tour or a visit, be sure to go there. After all, this is a whole city, moreover, what a one! Sixteen eighteen-story residential buildings, restaurants, clinics, various sports facilities that were necessary for Olympians to train. The Organizing Committee of the Games is also very carefully developing a "cultural" program. It must be rich, varied, saturated with all kinds of festivals of all genres of art. The purpose of such a program is to develop and strengthen friendly ties, mutual understanding between the participants and between the guests of the Games.
3.3 Honesty and nobility
The charter strictly defines the requirements for athletes who wish to participate in the Games. From the Olympic oath, we already know that every athlete must respect and abide by the rules of the competition, compete in a truly sporting spirit, that is, honestly. An athlete should not use drugs prohibited by the IOC and international sports federations... Of course, you understand what we are talking about - the so-called doping. Firstly, doping one competitor gives an undeserved advantage over another, and in essence, doping is cheating, gaining victory dishonestly. And therefore - a crime! And secondly, these drugs are very harmful to health. Especially the young ones! How many talented, once cheerful and smart guys paid for their frivolity with forever lost happiness, a broken life ...
4. Olympic sports
At the Games, athletes compete in the so-called Olympic sports. Their selection was carried out gradually and not one decade. for the Games of the Olympiad, those summer sports that are governed by international sports federations, associations or unions are considered Olympic: athletics, rowing, badminton, baseball, softball, basketball, volleyball, gymnastics, weightlifting, handball, field hockey, judo, wrestling , swimming (this federation also governs water polo, diving and synchronized swimming), modern pentathlon, tennis, table tennis, shooting, archery, kayaking and canoeing, cycling, equestrianism, fencing, football, sailing , triathlon, taekwondo, and the International Amateur Boxing Association. Remembering all this is probably not necessary. Moreover, the IOC expands this list from time to time. For the Winter Games, Olympic sports are those that are governed by the Bobsleigh and Toboggan Federations. ice hockey, luge, biathlon, speed skating (including figure skating and short track), skiing (including alpine skiing, biathlon, ski jumping, freestyle) and curling. As you understand, many teams and many athletes want to take part in the Olympic Games. But the Games, as they say, are not rubber. And for competitions of this class, a high sports level is important. therefore, in some especially popular sports, preliminary tournaments and qualifying competitions are held. For example, all of you probably know about the qualifying football tournament... The Charter allows no more than three athletes from one country to participate in each issue of the Games program. An exception is made only for certain winter sports, such as cross-country skiing.
5. Olympic chores
The Olympic Games are run by the IOC from beginning to end. But the sports competitions themselves are held under the leadership of the international federation for the corresponding sport. All places of training, competition, all equipment must comply with the rules and regulations of this federation. The federation appoints judges, timekeepers, and members of the jury of appeal... And besides, competitions are not held in the way that the host country of the Olympic Games wants, but according to the rules of international sports federations. Now you can imagine what a huge and difficult task it is to hold the Olympic Games. We have already mentioned sports facilities, which should be literally "stuffed" with the best, most modern electronics, equipped with all kinds of scoreboards, computers and other equipment for television and radio broadcasts to the whole world. And the buildings should also have systems of protection against uninvited guests - not only from terrorists. non all kinds of maniacs, swindlers, etc. But will it be good if an athletics disc or a weighty hockey puck gets - I don’t even want to say it - into the viewer. So, we need to make sure that this does not happen. And at the same time it was convenient to watch the competition! Most of the spectators, of course, are local fans. But - and guests from all over the world. They do not want to live anywhere and anyhow. This means that the host city must have a sufficient number of good hotels. Do you know what the word volunteer means? This is a volunteer assistant who is completely free, just from the bottom of his heart and a good soul, is ready to do some good deed for the common good. The Olympic City needs many thousands of such kind... volunteers. What is a volunteer? Let's listen to the very sound of the word. Volunteer- a man of good will. Very, very olympic concept! The organizers of the Games should also take care of the training of volunteers.
Conclusion
Nothing ennobles the human soul like art. And nothing is closer to art than a real pure sport. Art, - said Coubertin, should coexist with sports, should be associated with the practice of sports. This close unity - so the founder of the modern Olympic Games believed - will help the development of the human personality. At his suggestion, art competitions were included in the program of the Olympic Games, as was done at the ancient Greek Games. Such competitions were held from 1912 to 1948. The IOC then decided to replace the "artistic battles" with extensive cultural programs. And now the Olympic Games are decorated with concerts, exhibitions, theatrical performances. Another useful thing is various creative contests, events where the main theme is sport, its masculinity and beauty. The Russian Olympic Committee, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the formation of the International Olympic Committee and the 100th anniversary of the modern Olympic Games, organized competitions for the best work on a sports theme in the field of literature, journalism, cinematography, theater and fine arts. Authors of musical works, television sports broadcasts, photographers also participated in creative competitions. Contests were held for schoolchildren who are experts in Olympism, children's posters, and sports museums. With the support of the ROC, collectors of Olympic relics became active conductors of the ideas of Olympism. They united in their society, hold exhibitions in Russia, participate in the largest world forums. And here is another tradition of the unity of Olympism and art held at the beginning of the year by the Ball of Russian Olympians. This is a meeting-holiday of active athletes, sports veterans, coaches, heads of physical culture and sports organizations, presidents of sports federations, sports journalists, famous artists. The guests of the Olympians' Ball are often prominent foreign sports figures and, of course, the leaders of the Russian state. Interesting proposals for the unity of sports with art are contained in the Olympic project "Spart"(the name is formed from three English words: Spirituality - spirituality, Sport - sport, Art - art). It was developed by Professor Vladislav Ivanovich Stolyarov. The project is being implemented<СпАрт>we have been in Russia since 1991. What is the main thing in this project? During competitions for children and youth<СпАрт>does not just encourage the highly moral and aesthetic behavior of athletes, but their behavior is taken into account when it comes time to determine the winner. Ordinary sports competitions to the "Spartans" are transformed into the so-called "cooperative games", or, in other words, into "cooperative games". It does not take into account your personal achievement or the achievement of a separate team, here all participants are united in one team. The "Spartan" competitions include ordinary sports disciplines and tests for general physical fitness, various tourism competitions and competitions, art and intellectual competitions. That is, in the competitions of the "Spartans" it is not enough to be just healthy. To win, you still need to be smart, skillful, interesting and spiritually developed person.
Literature
*Your Olympic textbook: Proc. allowance for educational institutions in Russia. - 15th ed., revised. and additional / V.S. Rodichenko and others - M .: Physical culture and sport, 2005. – 144.: ill.
*Physical culture of a student: textbook / ed. IN AND. Ilyinich. M.: Gardarion, 2000.- 448 p.
* Physical culture: textbook. Allowance for students. avg. prof. F505 studies. institutions / N.V. Reshetnikov, Yu.A. Kislitsin, R.L. Paltievich, G.I. Posadaev.- 6th ed., Rev.- M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2007.- 176 p.
Chronology of the Summer Olympic Games. Summer Olympic Games Winners. Domestic athletes at the Olympic Games.
Introduction Interest in a harmoniously developed body was observed as far back as Ancient Greece. Physical exercise here were elevated to a cult. With their help, thousands of Greeks improved their body, making it proportional, flexible, fast and strong. As a result, in 776 BC at the temple of Zeus...
A story about the ancient Olympic Games. In our time, there have been great changes in sports and the Olympic Games, but they have not become less popular than in ancient Greece. On the contrary, it testifies to the synthesis of ancient traditions with modern views.
The origin of the modern Olympic movement and its influence on Russian sports. Genesis of Olympism and the modern Olympic movement. Pierre de Coubertin and the Olympic Idea. The revival of the Olympic movement and its functioning at the present time.
History of the 1st Olympic Games in Athens.
Characteristics, techniques and methods of teaching German, Swedish and Sokol gymnastics. Reforms of Peter I and their significance for development physical culture in Russia. Physical culture and sport in the 19th and 20th centuries. The revival of the Olympic Games and the role of Pierre de Coubertin.
History of the Olympic Games. Winter Olympic Games. Summer Olympic Games. Symbols of the Olympic Games.
Stages of the revival of Olympic ideas in society, the essence of the concept of Olympism by Pierre de Coubertin. The birth of the International Olympic Movement and the Olympic Charter. Modern Olympic Games and prospects for their further improvement.
Summer Olympic Games as an international sports competition in many sports. The history of their occurrence. Olympioniki and their celebration. Organization of the ancient Olympic Games and their opening ceremony. Hosting the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.
Olympic Games in antiquity. Ancient Greek Olympic Games. Modern Olympic Games. Chronology and heroes of the Summer Olympic Games. Attributes of the Olympic Games. A set of exercises to strengthen the muscles of the foot and lower leg with flat feet. hardening.
The founder of the modern Olympic Games, Pierre de Coubertin, first came up with the idea of resuming the ancient competitions in November 1892, making a report at the Sorbonne (Paris University) on the topic: "The revival of the Olympics."
Since ancient times, the Olympic Games have been the main sporting event of all times and peoples. The Olympic movement has become huge, and the capitals of the Games become the capitals of the world for the duration of the Games. IOC Olympic Congress in Baden-Baden 1981.
Ministry of General and Vocational Education Russian Federation MOU NPO "Professional Lyceum No. 1" - course ABSTRACT on physical culture
Olympism, Olympic education in modern conditions is a socio-cultural education of industrial and post-industrial civilization.
Foreword by the President of the International Olympic Committee, JUAN ANTONIO SAMARANCH, MARQUIS DE SAMARANCH. The International Olympic Committee was founded in 1894 at the Sorbonne University in Paris on the initiative of the French educator Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The Committee's first concrete action was...
The concept of the idea of Olympism by Pierre de Coubertin. The Olympic idea even after the ban on ancient competitions. Excavations of Olympia in 1830 by archaeologist Ernest Curtius. Short story hosting the international Olympic Games since 1896. The Vancouver Olympics.
municipal stage
All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren
in physical culture
2011-2012 academic year
9-11 grades
1. The first representative of Russia in the International Olympic Committee was ...
A. Prince Semyon Andreevich Trubetskoy.
b. Count Georgy Ivanovich Ribopierre.
V. General Alexei Dmitrievich Butovsky.
G. Prince Lev Vladimirovich Urusov
2. For the first time, the Olympic flag was raised and the Olympic motto sounded during the Games ...
A. V Olympics in Stockholm (1912)
b. VII Olympiad in Antwerp (1920)
V. X Olympiad in Los Angeles (1932)
G. XI Olympiad in Berlin (1936)
3. A talisman that brings happiness to any Olympian, any fan first appeared at the Games in ...
A. 1968 in Mexico City.
b. 1972 in Munich.
V. 1976 in Montreal.
G. 1980 in Moscow.
4. In accordance with the Olympic Charter at the Olympic Games, the country is represented by ...
A. Government of the country.
b. Ministry of Sports.
V. National Olympic Committee.
G. National sports federations.
5. The largest number of medals - 9 each - in the modern Games of the Olympiad was won by ...
A. Jesse Owen, Mikhail Voronin, Larisa Latynina, Vera Cheslavska.
b. Paavo Nurmi, Larisa Latynina, Mark Spitz, Carl Lewis.
V. Larisa Latynina, John Weissmuller, Carl Lewis, Wilma Rudolf.
G. Bob Beamon, Larisa Latynina, Paavo Nurmi, Mark Spitz.
6. The difference between active and passive flexibility is called:
A. range of motion;
b. mobility in the joints;
V. flexibility index;
G. lack of active flexibility.
7. The World Youth Games were held for the first time
A. in Moscow in 1998
b. in Kyiv in 1996
V. in St. Petersburg in 1994
G. in Berlin in 1992
8. The games held in Moscow (1980) were dedicated to ... the Olympics.
A. XXII V. XXth
b. XI - th G. XIX - th
9. The optimal degree of mastery of the technique of action, characterized by automated (i.e., with minimal mind control) control of movements, high strength and reliability of execution, is called:
A. motor skills;
b. motor skill;
V. technical skill;
G. motor skills.
10. The process of changing the natural morphological and functional properties of the body in the process of individual life is usually referred to as physical ...
11. Volleyball as a sport game appeared at the end of XI10th century in...
A. USA. V. Japan.
b. Canada. G. Germany.
12. Double step, but only with the flight phase at the end of the movement in volleyball is denoted as ...
A. step.
b. bounce.
V. leap.
G. a fall.
13. One of the long jump methods in athletics is referred to as a jump ...
A."on the run."
b."stepping over".
V."rollover".
G."scissors".
14. Bending the supporting leg before pushing off in skiing is referred to as ...
_________________________________________________________
15. A quick transition from an emphasis to a hang in gymnastics is denoted as ...
_________________________________________________________
16. What form of manifestation of speed abilities is determined by the so-called latent (hidden) reaction period?
A. speed of motor reaction;
b. single movement speed;
V. frequency of movements;
G. acceleration.
17. The state of health is mainly due to ...
A. reserve capacity of the organism.
b. way of life.
V. healthcare level.
G. the absence of disease.
18. The most important component of a healthy lifestyle is ...
A. hardening of the body.
b. balanced diet.
V. motor mode.
G. personal and public hygiene.
19. The healing effect in the classes of adolescent students is achieved with the help of ...
A. Anaerobic exercises of medium and high intensity.
b. Changes in the number of repetitions of the same exercise.
V. Conducting classes on a regular, enlarged and reduced area.
G. Exercise at an intensity above the threshold for anaerobic metabolism.
20. Complete the definition by writing the appropriate word on the answer sheet. The impact on the human body of an external factor that violates the structure and integrity of tissues and the normal course of physiological processes is called..
_________________________________________________________
21. Complete the statement by choosing from the list of sports and entering the appropriate numbers on the answer sheet.
Kinds of sports:
1. Billiards. 5. Cycling. 9. Rowing.
2. Boxing. 6. Skiing. 10. Athletics.
3. Fight. 7. Speed skating. 11. Weightlifting.
4. Chess. 8. skiing. 12. Sports games.
Sprains of the ligaments of the ankle, knee joints are typical for classes ...
_________________________________________________________
22. The likelihood of injury while exercising is reduced if those involved ...
A. overestimate their abilities.
b. follow the instructor's instructions.
V. have the skills to perform movements.
G. they don't know how to control their emotions.
23. Sports and gaming activity characterizes ...
A. striving for maximum results.
b. conflict situations of fights.
V. the presence of a specific story.
G. high importance of the quality of the performance of the role.
A. flexibility .
b. speed.
V. endurance.
G. coordination.
25. Running with stops and changing direction on a signal mainly contributes to the formation of ...
A. movement coordination.
b. movement techniques.
V. speed force.
G. reaction speed.
26. Complete the statement by writing the appropriate word on the answer sheet. Rotational movement through the head with successive touching of the supporting surface by individual parts of the body in gymnastics is denoted as ... _________
27. The document representing all aspects of the organization of the competition is ...
A. competition calendar.
b. competition rules.
V. competition regulations.
G. competition program.
28. The method of uniform continuous exercise is the most common in the education ...
A. elementary forms of manifestation of endurance.
b. general endurance.
V. special endurance.
G. speed endurance.
29. "Exercises" that promote the development of endurance, it is advisable to perform in ...
A.
b.
V.
G. end of the main part of the lesson.
30. "Exercises" that contribute to the development of speed, it is advisable to perform in ...
A. end of the preparatory part of the lesson. V. middle of the main part of the lesson.
b. beginning of the main part of the lesson. G. end of the main part of the lesson.
Answers
1 - B;
2 - B;
3 - A;
4 - B;
5 B;
6 - G;
7 - A;
8 - A;
9 - B;
10 - development;
11 - A;
12 - B;
13 - G;
14 - sitting down;
15 - recession;
16 - A;
17 - B;
18 - B;
19 - A;
20 - trauma;
21 - 2,3,6,10,12;
22 - B;
23 - A;
24 - A;
25 - G;
26 - somersault;
27 - B;
28 - B;
29 - G;
The history of the Olympic Games and the modern sports movement
The term "Olympias" in ancient Greece meant: a four-year period between the Olympic Games;
The right to take part in the ancient Greek Olympic Games had only free greek men
The final stage of the preparation of athletes for the Games in Ancient Greece was carried out in a special al room, called gymnasium.
The physical education of children at the state level in Ancient Greece began in at the age of seven in a special institution called palaestra.
At the final stage of preparing athletes for the Games in Ancient Greece, the future
Olympians carefully and strictly observed
Hellanodics.
WITH 776 G. before n. uh counting the ancient Olympic Games:
Duration ancient games The Olympics changed and by 468 BC. e. reached 5 days;
In ancient Greece, the winners of the games were called olympics.
In the Olympic Games of 776 BC, athletes competed in running at a distance equal to: one stage
In the Olympic Games of 776 BC, athletes competed in running at a distance equal to one stage. The stage is: 192 m 27 cm;
What disciplines included the pentathlon - the ancient Greek pentathlon: Long jump, discus throw, running.Struggle, Javelin-throwing:
IN 776 BC uh, on the run the name Koroibos appeared - the first winner of the Olympia sky games.
Pythagoras was the champion of the Olympic Games:
Feodosia 1 Roman emperor in 394 AD e. banned Olympic competitions:
The International Olympic Committee was created 1894 G.?
Henri de Baile-Latour, Siegfried Edström, Avery Brundage, Michael Killanin - This former presidents of the IOC.
The first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896 in one of the cities: - Athens.
The United Nations has declared the International Year of Sports and the Olympic
ideal in honor of the 100th anniversary of the modern Olympic Movement, and also called on all
States to observe the Olympic Truce in
1994;
The Olympic Games are held during the first year of the celebrated Olympiad;
The IOC has decided to hold the Winter Olympics in 1925.
Winter Olympic Games are held in the third year of the celebrated Olympiad;
The Olympic Games are made up of Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games;
The fundamental principles of modern Olympism are set out in the Olympic Charter;
Olympic Charter – This a document establishing the conditions for celebrating the Olympic Games.
In accordance with the Olympic Charter, the country is represented at the Olympic Games by national olympic committee;
. The Olympic motto, expressing the aspirations of the Olympic movement, is - "Faster, higher, stronger";
right in the following order: above - blue, black, red; below - yellow and green;
Olympic symbol"five interlaced rings" is placed on a white panel with the size: (2x3m)
The torch of the Olympic flame of the modern games is lit in Olympia;
The tradition of lighting a fire in Olympia and delivering a relay to the Olympic Games was introduced at the Games in Berlin 1936;
For the first time, the Olympic oath of athletes to fight honestly sounded in 1920 G.
For the first time, the Olympic flag was raised and the Olympic motto sounded during the Games. VII Olympics in Antwerp (1920);
For the first time, the Olympic flag was hoisted and the Olympic motto sounded during the Olympic Games.
kind
Antwerp; 1920.
Talisman, as if bringing happiness to any Olympian, any fan, for the first time appeared at the Games 1968 in Mexico City;
ancient times, during the modern Games of the Olympiad, competitions are held in marathon.
Before I the modern Olympic Games in Athens did not have such a discipline. This:
marathon;
The distance of 42 km 195 m was called a marathon because: that was the name of the city from where the first start was given;
In honor of the Athenian warrior Philipidis, who brought to Athens the news of the victory over the Persians in ancient times, during the modern Games of the Olympiad, marathon competitions are held. How far did this warrior have to travel? 40 km;
In honor of the Athenian warrior Philipidis, who brought to Athens the news of the victory over the Persians in
ancient times, during the modern Games of the Olympiad, marathon competitions are held,
whose distance is 42
km195 m
The first Olympic champion to win a marathon was: Spiros Louis.
At the 1908 Games in London, a participant in the race on marathon distance- He was the first to cross the finish line, but was not awarded the champion medal because:
b) Pietri, after falling, the spectators and the judges helped him up and cross the finish line;
In St. Louis, the American Lorde won the marathon distance. After being awarded the gold medal, he was deprived of it becausehe traveled most of the distance by car;
At the Olympic Games in the city Paris;1900 Olympians weren't awarded medals
The first champion in the history of the modern Olympic Games: James Connolsch
The largest number of gold medals in one Olympics won: Mark Spitz.
Which of the athletes and in what sport won 7 gold medals in one Olympic Games:
Mark Spitz (USA) swimming during the Games XX Olympics in Munich!
Most gold medals - 9 each - in modern Games Olympics won:
Paavo Nurmi, Larisa Latynina, Mark Spitz, Carl Lewis;
Indicate the achievements of which of the participants in the Olympic Games cannot be improved, you can only repeat:
1. John Weissmuller. 2. Sony Henie. 3. Vasily Alekseev. 4. Lydia Skoblikova.
5. Mark Spitz. 6. Alina Kabaeva.7. Jesse Owen. 8. Eric Hayden. 9. Carl Lewis.---
4,8;
For the first time in the high jump, American Dick Fosbury demonstrated a back jump
to the bar, which was soon called the "fosbury flop" at the Olympics in
1968 in Mexico City
At the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, Bob Beamon set an all-time record in the long jump, which lasted until 1991.-- 8m90 cm).
Which sport has the second most medals in the modern Olympic Games? swimming.
The first representative of Tsarist Russia in the IOC was A. D. Butovsky.
The Russian Olympic Committee was created in 19111; .
List the years of the three Olympics that took place without the participation of Russian athletes 1896; 1900; 1904.
The first unofficial participation of Russia in the Olympic Games took place in the city London, 1908.
IN 1908 G.Russian athlete for the first time became an Olympic champion.
When Russian athletes first participated in the Olympic Games, there were only 5 of them. Nevertheless, figure skater Nikolai Panin-Kolomenkin managed to become an Olympic champion. It happenedin 1908 at the Games IV Olympics in London;
The first official participation of Russia in the Olympic Games took place at the Games V Olympics in Stockholm (1912);
Because of the First and Second World Wars, the Olympic Games were not held. in 1916, 1940, 1944 .
The USSR Olympic Committee was created in 1951 .
The first representative of the USSR in the International Olympic Committee was Konstantin Aleksandrovich Andrianov;
Chairman of the All-Russian Olympic Committee, established in 1989, Vladimir Alek Seevich Vasin - Champion of the Olympic Games in jumping into the water .
Representatives of the International Olympic Committee for the Russian Federation are: Vitaly Smirnov, Shamil Tarpishchev, Alexander Popov;
The President of the Russian Olympic Committee was until March 2010: Leonid Tyagachev.
Russian Olympians participated for the first time (Summer Olympic Games) as part of Russia Russian Empire, USSR, Russian Federation in: 1908; 1952; 1996
In the Winter Olympics, the USSR made its debut in 1956 on VII games in Cortina d "Ampezzo (Italy);
In what year the Olympic Games were held in our country: -1980 -22 Olympic Games
For the first time at the Olympic Games in Mexico City - a mascot appeared. What talisman was on Olympic Games in Moscow - bear cub;
The games held in Moscow were dedicated to 22nd Olympics:
Arrange in chronological order the cities where the Olympic Games took place. games from XXII :
1. Atlanta. 2. Athens. 3. Barcelona. 4. Los Angeles. 5. Moscow. 6 Seoul 7. Sydney.-
5, 4, 6, 3,1,7,2;
The 2008 Olympic Games were celebrated in Beijing
The first Summer Paralympic Games were held in 1960. in Rome (Italy);
V Winter Paralympic Games Albertville - France were held for the first time on the same arenas where healthy Olympians compete in 1992
World Youth Games, which are the Olympic Games for the younger knees, first held in Moscow in 1998
Athletes of the Russian Federation for the first time performed under Russian flag V 1996 at the Games XXVI Olympics in Atlanta (USA);
Larisa Latynina (gymnastics) won the most gold medals.
Alexander Karelin - Olympic champion in boxing;
Alexander Popov - champion of the Olympic Games in swimming
Vladimir Kuts, Valery Borzov, Viktor Saneev, Valery Brumel are Olympic champions in
In 2004, in Athens, Yuri Borzakovsky became the champion XXVIII Games in athletics :
The final stage of the preparation of athletes for the Games in Ancient Greece was carried out in a special
nal room, called the gymnasium
.
Who were the Hellanodics in Ancient Greece who watched the future Olympians during their preparation for the Games - referees and stewards of the Games
One of the types of ancient Games was pankration. What did he look like:
Type of martial arts
What was the name of a football-like game in ancient Greece? - spheroball.
What year was the 100th anniversary of the founding of the International Olympic Committee?
in 1996;
The supreme body of the IOC, which makes all responsible decisions, is called: session;
The first President of the International Olympic Committee was: Demetrius Vikelas;
Over the years, they headed the International Olympic Committee - Juan Antonio Sa- maranche, Demetrius Vikelas, Michel Breal, Jacques Rogg, Pierre de Coubertin, Michael Killanin.
Demetrius Vekelas, Pierre de Coubertin, Juan Samaranch, Jacques Rogg
According to the Olympic Charter, Olympic competitions carry out:
international olympic committee;
Which of the people shown in the photo was not the president of the IOC?
Is not
Avery Brundage
Michael Kilanin
Henri de Baile-Latour
Siegfried Edstrom
The modern Olympic Games consist of:
Olympic Games andwinter olympic games.
The Olympic symbol consists of five interlaced rings located on the left
to the right in the following order by color: blue, black, red
bottom: yellow and green
The five intertwined Olympic rings symbolize the five continents. Next to the name of the continent, write the color corresponding to it.
Europe, America, Africa, Asia, Australia
During the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games, the flag is handed over to the organizers of the next Olympics and for four years it is stored: in the building of the National Olympic CommitteeAt the Olympic Games in Paris in 1900, women performed for the first time. First Olympia became the champion: Sony Henie (figure skating);
The author of the Olympic motto "Faster, Higher, Stronger", expressing the aspirations of olim Pian movement was: priest Dido;
For the first time, the Olympic Flame Lighting Ceremony was held at: GamesXIOlympics in Amsterdam, andIVWinter Games in 1952, in Oslo;
In 1894, at the Paris Athletic Congress, the IOC, which consisted of only 13 members new, the first Russian was elected. Who is he: A. D. Butovsky;
During the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games, the representative of the host city ry, passes the flag mayor of the host city of the next Olympics
Do the photographs of these people match their names and positions?
Under the photo in the empty box, enter the correct answer (name, position).
Sh. ATarpishchev Member of the IOC (since 1994)
. 1 K. A. Andrianov Member of the IOC (1951-1988),
L. V. Tyagachev ROC President since July 2001
2. Sh. ATarpishchev Member of the IOC (since 1994),K. A. Andrianov Member of the IOC (1951-1988)
V. G. Smirnov
4. V. G. Smirnov President of the ROC (1992-2001) Member of the IOC
