1. For the development of leg muscles, the so-called duck step is used - movement in a semi-squat, as well as squats, running and jumping.

Repeated repetition of the passed (strikes, their series, techniques) will allow you not only to learn and bring to automatism the technique of movements, but also make you more resilient. Trail running and weighted running are recommended.

Jumps are different, and each type develops certain muscle groups.

There are long jumps from a place, jumps with an alternating lunge with the right and left legs forward, frog jumps, jumping rope, jumping with a load. Squats are also different: simple squats, squats with a barbell, squats with lifting on toes and twists of the torso. All these exercises develop the muscles of the legs and pelvis.

2. Exercises for the muscles of the lower back and the press.

For the development of these parts of the body, pull-ups, push-ups, lifting the legs and body in a supine position, tilting with a load, “corner” and pulling the legs to the stomach in the hang are practiced. All these exercises well develop various muscle groups of the lower back and torso.

3. Exercises for the muscles of the hands. They include push-ups, handstands, barbell work, pull-ups, shot put, various snatches with a load. Such exercises well develop the muscles of the arms and shoulders and strengthen the joints.

Striking Strength Exercises

Practice kicking and punching a sandbag, multi-layered paper, a rope-wrapped log suspended from a beam, pushing a pole with your shoulder. Practice taking hits on yourself and how to fall.

These exercises strengthen the muscles, increase the speed of movement and their strength. By training in this way, you will learn to take a hit better and become more confident in yourself and your abilities.

Striking Speed ​​Exercises

Without coordination of movements, high speed of conducting attacks and avoiding them, it is difficult to achieve success in the art of martial arts, so we offer you a number of exercises that will help you go through this difficult path.

In combat, not only the force of the blow is valued, but also the speed of its application. So, speed always wins over slowness, and dexterity dominates stiffness.

Reception speed. To increase the speed of performing tricks and strikes, it is recommended the following exercises:

- breaking down the technique into simple constituent elements and repeating them many times;

- performing a given number of movements in a certain period of time;

- repetition of movement high speed with an additional load (if it is, for example, a direct blow, take a small dumbbell in your hand);

- drawing up a combination of simple movements (strokes) and working out the speed and quality of its implementation;

- work with shells: kicks and punches on a punching bag, a sandbag, a log with a rope winding. Gradually move from using a soft projectile to a harder one;

– work with a partner in sparring: the partner attacks, you defend. Then you should switch roles.

Speed ​​reaction. In this case, we will talk about the ability to predict the movement of the enemy and change position in a short period of time. To develop this ability, it is recommended to perform the following exercises:

– action on sound or visual commands. Having caught a certain word or gesture of a partner, quickly carry out a defensive technique and counterattack against an imaginary opponent;

- work in sparring: your partner attacks with a combination of blows, constantly changing their strength and direction, and you work out dodges, dodges and other defensive techniques, trying to predict the actions of the enemy;

- sandbag training. By hanging a few sandbags from the ceiling, make them sway: these are your imaginary opponents. You, moving between them, work out the techniques of defense and attack. The effectiveness of this exercise is that you will be able to feel the full weight of the bag on yourself after each hit you miss.

Hand-to-hand combat in the Russian style

It has long been customary to compare a Russian person with a bear. According to many foreigners, the image of the owner of the taiga most successfully reflected both the external and internal qualities of the inhabitants of Ancient Rus'. It was this image that formed the basis of the methods of Russian martial arts.

"Before you learn to walk, learn to stand."

(Proverb)

Let's start with a small digression: turn on your imagination and imagine that you are standing on the ice in winter in a thick fur coat, hat and felt boots. The posture that you will take under such conditions is the main stance. In this case, the main thing is to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsupport as much as possible. Trying to take any other, more beautiful or exotic stances, you will inevitably lose your balance.

For a better understanding of the essence of the main stance, try to portray a bear. You should stoop (shoulders will inevitably lean forward), tilt your head a little (chin will be pulled up to your chest), spread your arms to the sides and sit down slightly. Now you can feel how all the strength and energy is concentrated in the center of your body. If his position has become stable, then you did everything right.

Rice. 1. Racks: top frame and bottom frame

Pay attention to children who actively sort things out with each other: in skirmishes with each other, they usually pull their heads into their shoulders and push with their shoulders and elbows. Their consciousness is not yet burdened with the stereotypes of special fighting techniques that adults use, so children, as a rule, act only instinctively. And this is most natural for a stance with lowered arms: in the Russian style it is called a stance in the lower frame.

Now imagine how a person protects his head, wrapping his arms around it in case of an unexpected blow. At such a moment, he instinctively feels what exactly needs to be done and what position of the body to take. However, the art of defending and taking the right stances can be learned over time, doing one or another type. martial art(karate, boxing, etc.).

In karate, the stand with the frame up is called "shizen tan" - "the position of flowing water", among fans of the Slavic-Goritsa wrestling - "heel" or "knuckle joint".

So, consider the main rack of the Russian style (Fig. 1). The knees and fingers are slightly bent, the arms are relaxed, the elbows seem to be turned out and look outward, while the palms are turned back. Feet shoulder width apart, feet parallel to each other. However, you should not press your toes too hard on the ground, as this will negatively affect the mobility of the foot and lower leg. First of all, the stance should be natural.

Imagine your toes, elbows, knees, shoulders, and backs of your hands touching a soft carpet hanging on the wall. Some parts of the body only slightly, almost imperceptibly, touch the long pile, while others are pressed against the carpet so much that your skin begins to feel the surface of the wall. But, despite the small differences in spatial position, they are all in the same plane. Chin touches chest, the stomach is retracted, but not tense, the pelvis moves forward a little. This rack referred to as frame down, or bottom frame. The frame itself here is formed by the forearms. Your big toes, knees, elbows, backs of your hands, and shoulders should touch the imaginary wall.

From such a rack it is easy to go to the upper frame, that is, the rack with the frame up. To transition, bend your elbows and raise your palms facing each other so that your thumbs are at eye level. Now, if you lower your arms a little down, the forearms form a frame. This posture is natural in combat when tired.

Also, as an example, I would like to give one of the most natural, and therefore universal racks.

Speaking of versatility, it should be borne in mind that this element is often found in various kinds of martial arts and, what I would like to especially note, makes it possible to both defend and attack.

Stance: one leg (not so important, left or right, as the stances can be versatile) bent at the knee and set back; the thigh of the leg laid back is located vertically above the heel, and the knee protruding forward is above thumb legs. This leg is load-bearing, it holds about two-thirds of the total body weight. The other leg is slightly bent and placed forward, its muscles are relaxed. It holds the remaining third of the weight of the body and, if necessary, performs an attacking function. The shoulders are straight, the body is straight.

“We were initially doomed to defeat, thinking that he (the enemy) is weaker because he is sleeping…”

(From the assassin's report)

But, as in any other science, a lot of mistakes happen when doing a stance. The most common ones should be listed:

1. The toes of the carrying leg are directed backward, as a result of which there are difficulties in movement.

2. Wrong distribution of body weight when transferring it to the legs. As a result, the supporting leg gets tired quickly, and the second one cannot quickly attack or defend.

3. Incorrect location of the foot of the carrying leg, which leads to an unstable body position and loss of balance.

Racks for every day

This section will focus on the ability to be prepared for unexpected attacks. It should be noted that the word "unexpected" is not entirely appropriate here, the point is that you are ready to defend yourself at any moment. Of course, you should not get into a fighting stance and brandish your fists every time you are asked to smoke or ask for time, and even in a situation where you are openly threatened, skirmishes can be avoided.

Below we will give two stances that outwardly do not betray your readiness for battle. First: stand with your feet shoulder-width apart so that your feet are parallel to each other and your toes are slightly apart. At the same time, distribute the weight of the body evenly on both legs. Keep your arms relaxed along the body, hands can be clenched into fists. Variants are possible when one leg protrudes slightly forward. From this position, you can easily move to any other stance, such as the defensive stance described above.

Second: the arms are also extended along the body, the back is straight, the socks are separated at an angle of 45 °. This stance is expectant and allows you to quickly move to other positions. A number of errors that occur when occupying racks:

1. Strong tension and, as a result, loss of concentration and speed of movement, the ability to detect your readiness for battle by the enemy.

2. Complete relaxation and, as a result, loss of vigilance and the ability to act quickly in case of a sudden attack.

3. Lack of focus, improper weight distribution, resulting in loss of balance and alertness.

Rack Requirements

In fact, these requirements constitute a description of the classic (right-handed) stance in Russian hand-to-hand combat:

– you should be able to protect your stomach, chest, neck and head with your right hand;

- protect the middle part of the body with the right forearm;

- protect the right side of the body with the right elbow;

- the center of gravity of the body should be shifted to the right leg so that you can freely move your left leg without the risk of losing balance;

- the head must be movable so that you can dodge blows;

- raise the left shoulder, lowering the chin down - this will allow you to protect the left side of the face and lower jaw;

- the left elbow protects the central and left parts of the body;

- slightly raised left knee should protect the groin;

- the left leg is involved in attack and defense;

- the stance should provide a change of position without losing balance.

The most important thing in hand-to-hand combat of the Russian style is the naturalness of the movements. Why go against nature and fight against innate instincts? Be who you are, be yourself.

Movement technique

Each wrestling style has its own classification of movement techniques. Below is the classification for the Russian style.

Movement classification:

1. Step (including shuttle, etc.).

3. Jumping.

4. Somersault.

5. Crawling (on the back, stomach, sideways, rolling).

At the first stages of training, it is very important to learn simple principles, without which, unfortunately, it is impossible to achieve anything.

When walking or running, the main quality of movement is its naturalness. The movement of the leg comes from the hip, the legs are slightly bent at the knees, the hands are relaxed, exhale at each step. You walk slowly and calmly. Breathing is calm and measured, there is no need to think about when to inhale and when to exhale: this process should take place automatically, without your direct participation.

Movement in the racks is just as natural and smooth (of course, in the early stages of training, the process of movement will need to be controlled). Leg movements do not play important role so don't focus on them. The main impulse is created by the movements of the pelvis.

Proper breathing is an important element of training. During inhalation, the blood is enriched with oxygen, which allows a person to actively move. If you breathe incorrectly during training, then serious health problems can arise.

The popularity of this system is due to its simplicity. There are no specific movements that need to be memorized here - the Russian style system does not allow enslavement and stiffness. The steps are similar to the walking of a drunk or very tired person who can hardly move his legs (for a better understanding of this technique, we advise you to refer to the literature describing the "pendulum" system and the technique of veles wrestling).

There are three types of breathing:

1. Average - the usual type of breathing in the normal state of the body. It is constantly observed in everyday life.

2. High, or full - this is how a person breathes, experiencing strong stress, as well as when ventilating the lungs, when they are quickly enriched with oxygen.

3. Low - this type of breathing is observed when the body loses an excess of oxygen and is saturated with carbon dioxide, when a person is completely relaxed or asleep.

Ancient wisdom says: "Before you learn to fly, learn to fall." The ability to fall without taking damage is very useful in everyday life and is essential in combat. In many cases, only the ability to roll when falling will help turn the opponent's blow against him.

While running, you need to apply the so-called dog breathing, that is, breathing of the lower level. When you start feeling tired, take a few deep breaths. This type of breathing should become a normal, constant phenomenon in life: when lifting weights, you should exhale, when squatting - exhale, after taking a blow - also exhale. Please note that this book contains only basic exercises and techniques.

Technique of falls, somersaults and rolls

All falls during wrestling can be classified according to the purpose for which they are committed.

Classification of falls by purpose:

Rice. 2. Fall from the rack

1. Fall as a way to soften the impact on the ground.

2. Falling and rolling as ways to move the body.

3. Fall as a way of avoiding a blow, grab, throw.

Rice. 3. Performing somersaults and rolls

4. Falling with tackles to strengthen the impact on the opponent's legs with the weight of your body.

Falls, somersaults and rolls can also be subdivided depending on the stance and the height of the fall.

Rice. 4. Twisting work while falling back and forth

Classification of falls relative to the stand:

1. Fall from a height.

2. Fall from the rack (Fig. 2).

3. Fall from your knees.

4. Somersaults and rolls (Fig. 3).

Rice. 5. Fall forward onto hands

Sometimes it is better to fall correctly once than to make a dozen useless movements while standing on your feet.

And finally, the last classification of falls is made according to the forms of movement and in the direction of the fall.

Classification of falls according to the forms of movement (Fig. 4, 5):

1. Fall forward on hands (three options).

2. Fall on the side:

- with twisting in place;

- with wedging;

– with depreciation by hands;

- with shock absorption by the legs.

3. Somersaults:

a) forward (with access to insurance, stance, with a heel strike):

- face in the direction of travel;

- face against the direction of travel;

- face perpendicular to the direction of movement;

b) back (with access to the rack, lying on the stomach).

4. Rolls:

a) on the shoulders:

- kicks up;

- kicks down;

b) on the back:

- kicks up;

- kicks down.

Falls often occur in everyday life, they also happen in combat. But if in a fight a fighter often falls on purpose, for a specific purpose, for example, to escape from the enemy or strike, then in everyday life falls are made by chance and often lead to injuries. In order to avoid trouble in such situations, you should pay attention to the basic principles of conducting such a technique as a fall.

Falling principles:

1. When hitting the ground, spontaneous body movements should be avoided: twisting and grouping should be tried.

2. At the same time, the impact force on the ground should be distributed over the largest possible area of ​​contact between the body and the ground, thereby reducing the deformation energy.

3. Contact with the ground should be limited to areas of soft tissue of the falling body.

4. To change the translational movement to rotational, it is necessary to twist the body around an axis (spine, shoulders).

5. It is necessary to relax, making the muscles of the body less rigid and thereby reducing the speed of falling.

6. During a fall, you should always work with the pelvis, since such movements have the greatest momentum.

7. At the moment of contact of the body with the ground, you need to exhale.

Fall targets:

1. Avoid injury from sudden contact with the ground, floor, etc.

It is worth noting that in fencing there are up to 12 sectors of protection. As one Chinese sage said, “the right hand has nothing to do in the left pocket,” so you should try to work with your right hand on the right side of the body, and with your left hand on the left.

2. Quick avoidance of blows, a beam of light (for example, from a flashlight), a shot. It is usually performed in the form of a sharp fall down, followed by a departure to the side in various ways of rolling.

3. Preparation for sharp and long jumps in various directions with a soft landing on the floor, enemy figure, car roof, etc.

For a more detailed study of all of the above methods and principles, refer to Figures 2-5.

Protection technique

When we hear the word “protection”, our imagination paints many different pictures for us: medieval armor, tank armor, the latest car alarms, etc. What is protection in hand-to-hand combat? Defense is the actions of a fighter aimed at suppressing the attack of the enemy. In combat practice, there are two groups of attack techniques and, consequently, two groups of attack defense techniques:

1. Impacts and protection from them.

2. Captures, throws, deductions and protection from them.

To slip away from the blow of the enemy, without leaving contact with him, is the highest indicator of the level of training of a fighter.

Defense techniques are also classified according to the methods of moving the defender:

1. Movement protection.

2. Fall protection.

3. Protection in place.

Rice. 6. Twisting protection of the pelvis and trunk

All defensive techniques are divided into contact and non-contact: it depends on whether you are in contact with the enemy or not.

1. Without contact:

- with a slope of the head and body;

- with legs off.

2. In contact:

- with twisting of the body around the spine;

- with twisting of the arms in the shoulders (protection against side impacts);

- with twisting of the forearms, rolling back and striking from the outside.

Protection by slope of the head and body, leg lift, squat

In the Russian style of wrestling, the performance of slips by the head and body is similar to the classic boxing technique. Consider only the defense in contact with the enemy.

The main idea of ​​all defensive techniques of this style is to deprive the opponent of a point of support, to bring him out of balance. When striking, the enemy, already at a subconscious level, counts on the opportunity to lean on you or return his body to a stable position due to the reverse impulse of his own blow (recoil). And if you do not find yourself in the place where the enemy’s attack is planned, he involuntarily continues to move in the direction of the blow, losing stability and balance.

Protection by twisting the body around the spine

This method of defense is effective when the vector of the enemy's strike force is directed towards your body in a vertical plane. These are direct kicks and hand strikes, applied from above, from below, directly.

Any technique is based on the basic laws of physics, so if you can't do it, try to analyze each movement separately and try again.

It is worth saying a few words about the terms used. The concept of the enemy's blow force vector implies a system that includes the direction of the blow and its strength.

Consider the implementation of such protection on examples:

1. The opponent inflicts a direct blow with his right hand to the chest area (Fig. 6).

Protection. First you should relax, then start twisting the pelvis and body in a clockwise direction. It is necessary to accompany the point of contact of the opponent's arm from the outside, rolling a wave of pectoral muscles. You should try to maintain such a position that the chest is arched, and in no case change the vector of the opponent’s strength. In the final stage of the reception, your body should be fully deployed, and the vector of the enemy’s strength continues due to your “help”. As a result, the enemy loses his balance and falls into the resulting void. This is followed by an exhalation and a countermeasure. As for the point of contact of the opponent's hand, here we mean the point of contact of the attacking limb of the opponent (arms, legs) and your own. To unbalance the enemy, the point of contact should be constantly moved, but this should be done intentionally and in the right direction, constantly controlling the situation, therefore, in this case, the term "accompany" is used.

Another important detail of the technique: the opponent's hand should slide freely over your chest. Gliding on a hard surface is much better than on a soft and loose one, so the pectoral muscles need to be tightened. This process is called the rolling of the wave of the pectoral muscles. Rolling the limb with the muscles of the chest means that the attacking limb of the enemy must slide over your chest.

2. Opponent strikes or pushes in the back.

Protection. You should relax and start twisting the pelvis and body, making an exit from the outside of the forearm of the attacking arm of the opponent. Next, a smooth run-in of the arm with the muscles of the back is performed and the vector of the enemy’s strength is continued. You need to keep your back in a slightly bent position so that its surface is rounded. The opponent's force vector must be continued until he loses his balance. This is followed by an exhalation and a countermeasure.

- it is advisable to evade the blow and stand in the lower frame, influencing the opponent's hand with techniques that involve the chest or back;

- to the attacking hand, you need to try to apply the principle of "sticking", moving the point of its contact along the entire surface of the chest or back;

Don't be alarmed if your opponent is holding a stick, remember: the stick is just an extension of his hand.

- you should not try to change the vector of the opponent's strength, since by using force when trying to change the direction of the blow, the defender risks losing his balance;

- when twisting, the main number of movements must be performed with the pelvis.

Training methods:

- resistance to force, that is, at the first stages of defense training, you only need to try to resist the force and onslaught of a conditional enemy;

– concession to force pressure and determination of its vector. It is necessary to try to carry out defensive techniques, while maintaining the vector of the enemy’s strength;

- twisting and continuing the vector of the enemy's strength tangentially to his body. When practicing these techniques, pay more attention to your movements.

Protection against side impact with a stick by twisting the arms at the shoulders

If we consider the stick in the hands of a fighter from the point of view of physics, then it can be noted that the free end of this weapon has the maximum amount of kinetic energy. It is on this property that protection is built, the three methods of which we will now consider:

1. If you are within range of the end of the stick, move forward to the opponent's hand, into the "dead zone" of the strike (in boxing, for example, a fighter often uses this simple technique if he enters the opponent's direct strike line), and attack.

2. If you are within range of the end of the stick, step back or lean away from the strike.

3. The most remarkable case, when you are near the middle of the stick, should be considered in more detail.

The stick is in the right hand of the opponent, therefore, the blow is delivered from left to right. With such a blow, the vector of the enemy’s strength is directed to the level of your belt, shoulders or head in a plane parallel to the ground. If you relax, then the chain of your instinctive movements will be as follows: retreat a step to the right, deviate from the stick, followed by the intention to knock out or withdraw the weapon with your hand.

Rice. 7. Protection from side impact twisting the arms at the shoulders with a stick

It is useless to describe the technique in detail, because the situations are different, so we will only give its main elements (Fig. 7). Step back one step to the right along the circle of the direction of the force vector, while meeting the stick with the outside of your right palm. Next, lead it towards you with a reciprocating movement of your right hand in the plane of impact (this should be a movement to the left along a tangent to the back of the left shoulder). Twist the shoulder counterclockwise, press the right hand all the time to the body. In this case, the body must also be twisted counterclockwise and sit down to the left under the blow, transferring the body weight to left leg. Then unload it and turn the right leg on the toe. Lower your head down to your right shoulder. Breathe out.

Rice. 8. Kick protection by twisting at the shoulders

Rice. 9. Sliding a stick along the edge of the palm and forearm

Rice. 9 (continued). Sliding a stick along the edge of the palm and forearm

Next comes the continuation of the twisting of the shoulders. The twisting energy of the right hand is transferred to the left, transferring the point of contact of the stick with the body to the left shoulder. The shoulder blades are reduced as close to each other as possible, the head is lowered down. Start twisting your left hand, and her forward movement lead along the stick to the left.

Twist the arm counterclockwise, while the hand moves from the position with the palm down to the position with the palm up and intercepts the stick that has slipped along the line of the shoulders. Exhale and, holding the stick in your right hand, continue the vector of force with your right arm or leg. Transfer body weight to the supporting left leg.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- it is quite difficult to twist the arms in the shoulders, so spend the first workouts slowly, trying not to lose contact with the enemy’s weapon. Remember that most of the work is done inside you, so learn to listen to your body. The slow pace of the exercises will help you better understand the technique of movements and get used to them;

Rice. 10. "Roof slopes" formed by hands

Rice. 11. Protection by "roof slopes" with access to the upper frame

Rice. 12. Protection by "roof slopes" accompanied by a stick to the level of the knees

– a person has the opportunity to relax and follow their natural movements. To overcome and rethink dynamic stereotypes, it is slow movements that are most useful, because there is a chance to ease tension and follow instincts;

- slowness is a mirror reflection of superspeed, since the action, brought to the limit, turns into the opposite;

- care must be taken when moving the stick from shoulder to shoulder, lowering the head down;

- the principle of twisting the shoulders here is similar to the principle of touching the ground during a somersault;

- with a side kick, a similar twist in the shoulders is used for protection (Fig. 8).

Do not forget about the psychological moment of the fight. The enemy feels stronger because of the weapon in his hands, so you can neutralize him with a well-practiced defense and a quick counterattack.

Defending against a stick strike from above by twisting the forearms

With such an impact, the force vector is in a vertical plane and is directed from above along a circle described by the free end of the stick. If you are standing still, being in the middle of the stick's action zone, it is recommended to proceed as follows.

First option. Stretch your arms up, folding them in the form of "roof slopes". In this position, twist your forearms inward (Fig. 9). Relax and meet the blow with the outside of the palm of the outstretched right hand (Fig. 10). Curl your forearms inward as you squat down. These movements progressively accompany the vector of the enemy's force along the tangent of the blow. Bring the stick to the right shoulder at a tangent and exhale.

Second option. Use the same "roof" technique, but bring the stick up to shoulder level, bending your elbows. Ultimately, the forearms are placed in the position of the upper frame (Fig. 11). The starting position is similar to the first variant of the reception, but the support of the stick with the forearm in the direction of the force vector is not only rotational, but also translational, it is carried out tangentially to the right shoulder. After the reception, stand in the position of the upper frame and exhale.

Rice. 13. Protection from hitting with a stick with one hand

Rice. 14. Protection from a kick in the groin

Again, carry out the above technique, but lower the stick to the level of the knees (Fig. 12).

This technique is a continuation of the second option. Once you are in the frame, pass the accompaniment to the outside of your shoulder by bending your elbows and bringing your forearms slightly closer together. At the same time, lower your forearm down and the stick will slide down onto it from your shoulder. In the final position, the right hand should be turned palm back. Exhale after doing the move. The effectiveness of this completion of the technique lies in the fact that the opponent's hand holding the weapon is low relative to the ground level. In such a situation, the enemy will inevitably bend down and move the body forward. There are several more options for protecting against such a blow (Fig. 13).

Forearm twist defense (first method)

This technique is most effective against direct blows to the groin or stomach with the hand and foot (Fig. 14).

The force vector of such impacts passes in the vertical plane. Consider, for example, protection from a direct blow with the right hand to the lower abdomen (Fig. 15).

Rice. 15. Protection from a hand strike in the stomach by rotating the body

The first method is used to protect against low-level strikes (first level from the ground), that is, blows below the waist. Relax and begin to twist around the spine in a clockwise direction. Remove the pelvis and stomach from the line of attack to the left. Meet the attacking hand from the outside with the outer part of the left forearm. The impact force vector is accompanied progressively in the plane of its application: rotational movement of the forearm tangentially, towards the stomach and down, when performing a squat. After that, exhale. In the final position, your forearm should be pressed to your stomach and turned with your elbow forward, and your fist should be pressed against your body with the back of your groin. Thanks to the message of additional energy to the blow vector, the opponent's blow fails, and he loses his balance. After that, you need to conduct a counter-reception.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- use the principle of rolling to continue the vector of the enemy's strength. Don't try to change the direction of this vector;

– twisting and accompaniment of the strike are performed simultaneously;

- all the power of twisting and avoiding the blow is concentrated in the pelvic area, and the movement of the hand only accompanies the blow;

- stepping back with your right foot to the left in a circle, perform a stance in the lower frame. Remember that the frame is direct contact with the opponent's attacking arm;

- It is not the weapon that works, but the person. The principle of this technique is identical for any lever (stick, knife). Act in the direction of the strength vector of the opponent's hand in which the weapon is located;

- you need to clearly master the sequence of movements: rolling, continuing the force vector, twisting or running in the attacking limb, continuing to stretch the movement of the attacking limb and the entire body of the enemy along the force vector, simultaneously twisting the pelvis, counter.

Forearm twist defense (second method)

The second method is used to protect against mid-level strikes (the second level from the ground), that is, strikes that go to the area from the waist to the neck. With such strikes, the enemy's force vector is in the vertical plane.

Consider this method of defense using the example of a direct blow with the right hand to the middle of the abdomen (Fig. 16).

Relax, twisting the pelvis around the spine in a clockwise direction. Remove the pelvis and stomach from the line of attack to the left. At the same time, bend your left arm at the elbow and meet the outside of the opponent's attacking arm with the palm, with the palm on the opponent's forearm going more from above than from the side. Next, accompany the direction vector of the opponent's strike with the translational-rotational movement of the forearm tangentially to the lower abdomen. Squat down and exhale. After the reception, your left elbow, forearm and palm should be pressed to the body with the outside. In this position, the opponent's blow misses, falling into the void, as a result of which he loses his balance. Then do a counter.

Rice. 16. Protection from a blow to the stomach by twisting the forearm

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- during the reception, it is advisable to take a step back with your right foot and stand in the position of the upper frame, fixing the opponent's hand;

- all the power of twisting and avoiding the blow is concentrated in the pelvis, and the hand only accompanies the blow.

Forearm twist defense (third method)

This technique is used to protect against blows to the head (third level from the ground) (Fig. 17).

The natural instincts of a headshot are to tilt the head and lift the arm up to create a block. Consider the example of a side kick to the head with a right fist. In such an impact, the force vector travels around the circle from left to right in a plane parallel to the ground.

There are two ways to protect here.

First option. Relax, tilt your head back to the right and lift your left elbow up. Start twisting the pelvis clockwise and meet the opponent's hand in the plane of impact from below with the outer part of the left forearm.

Rice. 17. Protection from a blow to the head by twisting the forearm (first option)

Rice. 18. Protection from a blow to the head by twisting the forearm (second option)

Twist your pelvis into a squat while continuing to drive your opponent's arm to the right and down, and as you rotate your forearm, bring your left elbow over your opponent's forearm. Using your forearm and elbow as leverage, twist your elbow down. Then you can choose one of two ways: the first option is to continue twisting your elbow down, rolling around the opponent’s arm and crouching, then direct his blow to the right and down. And the second is to crouch and strike at the opponent's elbow.

Using both options makes it possible to continue the vector of the enemy's strength and bring him off balance. After the reception, your hands should go to the upper frame, and your forearms should control the opponent’s hand from the outside. After completing the reception, carry out a counterattack.

Second option. The technique is used similarly to the previous first option, but the running in of the forearm is carried out counterclockwise, with inside attacking hand (Fig. 18). Step forward with your left foot and strike in a squat under the elbow bend, when your left elbow is over the opponent's forearm. The second option for the development of the fight after the main move is to continue the run-in, descending your forearm along the outside of the opponent’s forearm and unbalancing him with a hand strike.

"Give me a point of support, and I will turn the whole world!"

(Archimedes)

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- when hit with a lever (stick, knife), the running-in should be carried out as close as possible to the attacking hand;

- after running in a direct blow to the head, you can lower your forearm down, twisting it from the inside down towards you;

- try to always be on the outside of the blow, use the inertia of the enemy and the principle of leverage.

Rice. 19. Release from gripping the hand with one hand by rotating the forearm

Grip release technique

Often the opponent has highly developed wrestling abilities and successfully uses various kinds of tricks and grabs. It is sometimes much more difficult to carry out a qualitative exit from a correctly executed grip than to block a direct punch with a hand.

Exemption from grabbing with one hand by the hand (first method)

Consider the situation (Fig. 19) when an opponent who is superior in strength holds your left hand with his right hand.

Always use the principles of leverage, continuation of the vector of force, rolling, twisting to free yourself from such grips. So, the enemy holds you with his right hand for his left. The point of capture is the fulcrum. Your fist forms the small arm of the lever, and the shoulder and forearm form the large arm, and the arm and body are a single system. Turn the large arm of the lever and the body (that is, turn the pelvis) to the right and inward, bring the elbow into a vertical plane above the forearm of the opponent. Twist your pelvis clockwise and, sitting back to the left, break the grip ring with the weight of your body, while moving the forearm and fist of the opponent downward towards you with the large shoulder of the lever.

In the final position, you should stand in the lower frame, press your fist with the back of your groin, and your forearm against your stomach. The lower frame stance will allow you to control your opponent's clenched hand with the back of your left forearm, with your elbow pointing at your opponent. Exhale and begin to conduct a bush of counter techniques.

A counterattack can be built on the continuation of the movement of the opponent's arm down, while at the same time striking with the edge of the palm of the left hand in the opponent's face or throat.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- remember that at the grip point, the brush should rotate counterclockwise, moving down and breaking the grip ring;

- do not lose contact with the enemy;

- it is advisable to pull the enemy down along the force vector, take a step back and to the right with your left foot and stand in the lower frame;

- the technique of releasing from the grip in front of the shoulder or throat is identical to the technique of releasing from the grip with the hand. Add the forearm cape on top and twist it down towards you.

Exemption from gripping the hand with one hand (second method)

Let's consider a situation where the opponent made a right hand grab of your left hand in the wrist area, while at the point of capture you were weaker. Use the strength of its grip as a fulcrum around which the lever will rotate. The large lever arm is your forearm and shoulder, which are a single system.

We have already found out that the main force of rotation is concentrated in the pelvis, so squat and turn the pelvis of the large arm of the lever, rotating it at the grip around the forearm clockwise. When the small arm of the lever, that is, the hand, is turned palm up, put it on the opponent's forearm from the outside (Fig. 20).

Rice. 20. Release from a grip by the hand with one hand with access to the upper frame

Twisting your pelvis clockwise, take a step back with your right foot and start twisting your left forearm clockwise (brush roll). At the same time, stretch the opponent's forearm tangentially to your body, trying to move in the direction of his force vector. In the final position, your hands should be in the upper frame, and the left forearm should be firmly pressed to the stomach with the outside.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- the entire weight of your body plays a significant role in twisting the forearm;

- release from the grip on the shoulder and throat is carried out similarly to the release from the grip on the arm in the second way, with the only difference being that your hand is superimposed on the opponent’s hand from above and the forearm is twisted inward.

Exemption from gripping the hand with one hand (third method)

The opponent can perform a grip on the wrist, arm or neck. The reception technique will be the same in all cases, so we will consider the first option. So, you are grabbed by the wrist of your left hand by an opponent who is superior in strength to you. There are two options for protection.

Rice. 21, a. Exiting a one-handed grip by rotating the forearm clockwise

The first option (Fig. 21, a). Relax and rotate your forearm until it is horizontal at chest level. Next, turn the body clockwise and take a step back. Keep rotating with your forearm and the opponent's hand will open up, releasing your hand. Squat down and increase the load on the opponent's arm by pressing the elbow. Move into the frame and exhale. Next, you can perform a painful hold on the opponent’s hand or hold, for example, twist the opponent’s arm behind his back.

The second option (Fig. 21, b). Proceed similarly to the first option, but rotate your forearm counterclockwise, that is, in this case, your elbow rests on the opponent’s arm from the inside. Once your elbow is over your opponent's forearm, take a small step forward with your left foot. In doing so, your elbow should put pressure on the opponent's forearm, as you use a lever. The opponent's hand will open, releasing your hand. Next, you need to exhale and conduct a counter-reception.

Rice. 21b. Exiting a one-handed grip by rotating the forearm counterclockwise

Exemption from the grip of two hands by the hand

Consider a situation where an opponent, superior in strength, holds your hand with both hands. By combining the above methods, you have the opportunity to use the following types of protection:

1. Outward movement (Fig. 22).

2. Movement inward (Fig. 23).

3. Movement to the center.

4. Downward movement.

5. Movement up.

6. Movement on yourself.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- make movements in the direction of the enemy's force vector;

- after the reception, immediately stand in the frame;

- use undercuts under the supporting leg of the enemy;

- remember: the joints are a kind of hinges, the rotation of which should be easy and natural;

- create a pair of forces by strengthening the fist of the captured hand with your free hand, that is, when exiting the grip, put your free palm on the fist of the rotating hand, thereby helping it move;

Rice. 22. Exit the grip for the hand with two hands outward

- if several opponents are involved in the capture, do not try to free yourself, but apply the principle of rotation. It is almost impossible to break out of the grip with brute physical strength, so use the rotation of the body, pelvis and limbs. This will help you free yourself from the hands of the enemy without much effort.

Rice. 23. Exiting the grip for the hand with two hands with an inward movement

Exemption from the capture of the neck from behind with one hand

Consider the simplest way of such protection. Before starting this technique, you need to take the following position: the chin is pulled up to the chest and rests on the cubital fossa of the opponent’s arm, the body is relaxed, the legs are slightly bent at the knees. Next, start exiting the capture. Resting your chin on the opponent’s hand, turn the body inward, unbalancing the opponent. In order to maintain balance yourself, press your pelvis against him. Breathe out. The reception is completed, then carry out a counterattack.

Rice. 24. Exit from the back of the neck with one hand

Rice. 25. Exemption from the capture of the neck with one hand by wringing the head of the opponent

Grab the enemy’s right elbow from the outside with your left hand and help him move upwards to the left along the force vector. With your right hand, hold the enemy by the hair on the back of the head and, pressing your pelvis against him, rise up (Fig. 24). With such a capture, your opponent will inevitably follow you. Now, when he leans on you, all that remains is to crouch, and the enemy, losing his balance, will begin to fall to his side. Drop your right shoulder a little and force your opponent to fall to the ground or onto your knee.

Another way to release from such a grip is based on breaking the opponent's head (Fig. 25). Consider the situation when the enemy grabbed you by the neck with his right hand. Relax, grab the opponent's chin with your left hand over your shoulder, and put your right hand on his elbow. Twisting the pelvis counterclockwise, press on the opponent's chin from the bottom up. When he opens his hand and begins to fall back, and you are already behind him, continue to apply pressure with your left hand on the opponent’s chin. As a result, the enemy should fall to the ground or on your knee.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- be sure to protect your neck by pulling your chin to your chest;

- do not panic and do not try to unbend the enemy's arm: he expects just these actions from you.

Training methods:

- imagine what the grip looks like from the side, be sure to remember the location of the force vector;

– train with a partner at a slow pace to fully understand the basics of the technique;

- if the capture has not yet been completed, block the opponent's hand;

– when grabbing the armpits and neck from behind, proceed as follows: placing your left hand on the opponent’s chin and rising up, twist your head at an angle of 45 ° to the opponent.

Exemption from gripping with two hands on the torso

Having considered Fig. 26, you may notice that only the loins and elbows are difficult to move, while the legs, head, pelvis, forearms, and shoulders remain quite mobile. With the help of each of these parts of the body, you can both defend and attack.

Rice. 26. Releasing the body from the grip with two hands from behind

1. Legs. The ability to attack the enemy with the heel, foot and shin.

2. Head. The head can strike in the face of the enemy.

3. Pelvis. By twisting the pelvis to the right, one can get free space in the grip and, using the elbow as a fulcrum, deliver blows to the groin, side and stomach of the opponent with the free hand. There is also an opportunity to carry out a series of throws.

4. Forearms. The movement of the shoulders can create an advantageous position when grabbing, in order to then carry out a defensive move and counterattack.

5. Shoulders. Twisting at the shoulders is a very important initial element of many techniques. It involves a wide range of actions: exiting the ring and leaving the choke hold, regrouping before counterattacking.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- Relaxation and exhalation help to reduce the volume of your body, which can lead to loss of balance and a significant decrease in the ability to move and strike correctly;

Rice. 27. Release from the grip of the legs with two hands

- your performance of squats will force the enemy to expend additional efforts to support your body at the same level relative to the ground;

- the lack of forward tilt when twisting the shoulders and body will not allow the opponent to disengage his hands and firmly fix him in an uncomfortable position.

Exemption from grasping the legs with two hands

Consider all the key points of this situation (Fig. 27).

The vector of the enemy's strength relative to you is directed backwards, the fulcrum for the enemy is your knees, your groin area becomes the zone of attack with your shoulder. The opponent tries to knock you down and pulls your knees in and up.

When defending, relax, crouch slightly and lean with your chest on the head of the opponent, using the weight of your whole body. Take a step back, and if the grip is at the knee, bend your leg slightly. Following are several options:

1. Twisting the pelvis away from the vector of force and pressing the enemy to the ground.

2. Capturing the enemy's head in the direction of travel.

3. Twisting the spine in the form of a question mark and applying a pair of forces (we are talking about the formation of a single system from twisting the spine and forearms).

Consider the most interesting way. With your right hand, find the first pain point - the lower part of the nose. Grab the brush from below and pull towards you. This is followed by an elbow strike to the opponent's spine. It is worth noting that a capture of this kind can be prevented altogether by kicking the opponent in the face.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- relax, do not allow the enemy to use the points of support assumed by him: this will make him lose his balance;

– work simultaneously in several directions, move;

- if you have already fallen, do not try to break out of the hold by force, twist with your pelvis and kick your opponent.

Attack techniques

Mastering the techniques of defense to perfection is, of course, a necessary condition for conducting hand-to-hand combat. But only defending and not attacking, it is impossible to win, therefore, in all martial arts, the attack is assigned an important role.

Painful techniques, disarmament and retention techniques

The pain technique is considered one of the most difficult. But, despite the difficulties that arise in the process of training fighters, pain grips indispensable in a close combat situation. Consider an example of twisting the fist with the transition to a painful hold (Fig. 28). In this situation, the opponent holds his right hand in front of him in a bent state, and his fist is turned with his thumb towards you.

Take a step with your left foot forward and to the left, and then grab the opponent's fist from below with your right hand, and from above with your left.

Rice. 28. Twisting the enemy's fist with the transition to a painful hold

Without bending down, press down on the opponent's arm with all the weight of the body. Perform movements simultaneously in three directions: stretch the opponent’s arm along the forearm, moving the pelvis back and down, while rotating the opponent’s fist with both hands, respectively (left - left, right - right). At the moment when his fist is turned with the thumb to the left, stretch the captured arm: first down, crouching and moving away, and then, gradually approaching, along the arc line up. Having achieved with the help of these actions a significant relaxation of the opponent’s hand, press on outer part his elbow and, while crouching, perform a painful hold on the hand so that the opponent's elbow rests on the ground.

As a result, the enemy will fall to the ground.

Rice. 29. Pain hold on fingers, hand

Work on the opponent's fingers

The general principle of working on the opponent's fingers is shown in detail in Fig. 29.

Knocking down the arm bent at the elbow

Consider the case when the opponent holds his arm in front of him in a bent state (Fig. 30). A similar situation can be observed during a side impact to the head or after exiting a shoulder hold. Grab the opponent's arm from the inside so that your and his elbow creases touch, and press the crook of your elbow into the crook of the opponent's elbow. To continue the vector of force, take a step back and, crouching, press on the opponent’s shoulder with the weight of the whole body. Using his forearm as a lever, lead the opponent down and then sharply up. Now his only support is you. A light push with the left hand is enough to make the opponent lose his balance and fall.

Rice. 30. Knocking down the opponent's arm, bent at the elbow

Work on the head twisting

All the main movements of this technique are shown in Fig. 31.

Rice. 31. Work on the head twisting

Grab the opponent's head from above with the left hand, and the chin with the right. Start rotating the head around the cervical vertebrae, while wringing it back. As a result, the enemy begins to fall to the ground.

Hip twist work

Imagine a situation where the opponent strikes you in the stomach with his right foot. Being on the outside of the opponent's attacking leg, you are defending. Remember: the main thing in combat is dynamics. Techniques of defense and counterattack should merge into a single whole, between the conduct of one and the other there should not be a pause. In this case, you can suggest the following actions. Press the opponent's shin against your right thigh, grabbing the heel from below with your right hand. At a short distance from the knee, in the lower third of the thigh, there is a painful point. Put your left forearm on it and, twisting your pelvis, squat forward, while the direction of your movements should be opposite to the direction of the opponent’s blow. Take a small step to the left without letting go of the opponent's leg, and he will be lying on the ground in front of you.

Let's consider the situation when you stand to the opponent with your left side after performing a defensive technique from a kick (Fig. 32). Grab the enemy’s attacking leg from below with your right hand by the heel, pressing its lower leg to the upper part of your right thigh, and put your left forearm on the thigh just above the knee (there is a painful point). Then simultaneously squat forward and to the left, against the direction of the kick, and start twisting the left hand down over the pain point. Twisting your pelvis counterclockwise, take a small step to the left towards the falling opponent.

Rice. 32. Capturing the opponent's leg

A twist option is also possible, where you continue the opponent's power vector.

Consider a situation where you defended against a knee to the stomach. Grab the attacking leg of the opponent under the knee with your left hand, and with your right hand - by the foot or heel from below. Continuing the blow forward and up the force vector, unbalance the opponent with a sharp movement towards you or away from you (fig. 33). As a result, the enemy will be on the ground lying on his stomach or back.

Rice. 33. Capturing the opponent's leg in the knee bend area

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- most pain points on the arms or legs are at a distance of one third of the length of the limbs;

- sometimes you have to counter-attack against the direction of the opponent's strike - this is normal. In fact, by the time the attack is carried out, the enemy is no longer moving and his position is unstable;

- act immediately in three directions: lead the opponent's foot up, lower leg - forward or backward, thigh - down.

Work twisting on the knee joint

There are many ways to influence knee-joint adversary, in this book we will consider three. However, there are some important points to note:

1. Never strike directly.

2. The captured limb of the enemy must be twisted in a spiral, while you should sit down.

Option 1(Fig. 34). You strike the opponent with a kick under the kneecap, but the opponent does not fall, but only bends the leg at the knee. In this case, you need to continue screwing the foot under the opponent’s knee, then, crouching slightly, push under the knee with the attacking leg. In this case, you can fix the opponent’s hand or grab him by the hair.

Rice. 34. Twisting on the knee joint

Option 2. Consider a situation where an opponent who is superior to you in body weight grabbed you from behind with both hands in the chest area. In this situation, we are no longer talking about a successful counterattack, but about liberation from capture. Braid your opponent's right leg with your right leg from the inside. Now you just have to sit down, and the enemy, unclenching the ring of hands, will fall to the ground.

Option 3. By acting on the knee joint of the opponent, you can also free yourself from the grip on the neck (Fig. 35).

Rice. 35. Release from a grip on the neck with one hand by influencing the knee joint of the opponent

Work twisting on the foot

The situation is this: the opponent hit you with a straightened leg. After performing a defensive move, you fix his leg, holding his heel and instep with both hands (Fig. 36). Next, start moving in the direction of the enemy's strike vector forward or backward. It may seem unusual to you that the vector of a direct kick can be directed forward relative to you. In fact, there is nothing surprising here. The enemy can attack by jumping back.

Rice. 36. Twisting the opponent's foot

Starting the movement, twist the opponent's foot in a direction convenient for you. Together with the line of your steps, the trajectory of the rotation of the foot looks like a spiral. The enemy will lose balance and fall to the ground.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- when rotating the foot, try to use not brute physical force, but the principle of leverage and your own gravity;

- the reception is based on the pain effect that occurs when the tendon is pulled.

Disarming the enemy: stick in one hand

One of the most commonly used blows with a stick is a direct lunge (Fig. 37).

In this case, make a departure from the line of attack and, grabbing the stick with both hands, continue the trajectory of its movement.

Rice. 37. Leading a stick to break the opponent's hand

When the opponent starts to lose balance, rotate the stick so that it moves on the break of the opponent's hand. The hand will open, releasing the weapon.

You can also take the stick from the enemy using the principle of leverage (Fig. 38).

Rice. 38. Applying the principle of leverage

After leaving the line of attack, the stick is grasped with one hand at the end, and with the other, with a simultaneous turn of the body, almost at the base, directly near the opponent's hand. Turning around, lift the base of the stick up, it will again go to the break of the enemy’s brush, and he will release it.

In essence, the same principle is used here as in the techniques for freeing the hand from the grip.

Disarming the enemy: a stick in both hands

This technique is used for side impact with a stick. Consider the main elements of the reception (Fig. 39).

Rice. 39. Disarming the enemy: a stick in both hands

Grab the stick with your right hand at the end with a straight grip, and with your left hand at the base with a reverse grip. If the opponent holds his hand so that the stick is not visible to you, put your left hand on his wrist. Start twisting the stick so that the opponent's brush turns out with it. In this case, the opponent's arms are the axis of rotation.

Remember that all power comes from the movements of the legs and pelvis, the movements of the arms only set the direction. When the stick comes in vertical position, sit down slightly and pull the top end of the stick down. The stick will begin to move towards a break in the opponent's already twisted hand, and he will open both hands. The principle of the lever will not allow to resist the movement of the stick.

Disarming an opponent holding a knife

The technique carried out in order to take away the knife from the enemy is almost the same as the previous one. It is not so important what weapon the enemy has in his hand, because any object is a lever that can be used. The basics of the technique are simple: you need to determine the direction of the impact force vector, leave the line of attack, grab the enemy’s weapon or hand and twist them in the direction against the thumb - to break the brush.

Consider a situation where the opponent delivers a direct blow with a knife to the abdomen, and the knife is in the right hand.

First option. Grab the opponent's attacking hand from below with your right hand, and put your left hand on top of his hand. Simultaneously with the capture, move away from the line of attack, twisting the pelvis clockwise. Twist the opponent's hand, continuing the vector of the force of his blow, that is, drag the attacker forward in the direction of travel. As a result, the opponent will lose his balance, and his hand should unclench and release the knife.

Second option. This method of disarming an opponent holding a knife is based on instinctive movements, but it is not recommended to use it without a high level of professionalism. Moving instinctively, you will try to jump to the side and grab the opponent's weapon. So go ahead.

Use the knife as leverage by grasping its blade with your hand and move the body out of the line of attack to the left. This is the basis of the reception, then there are several options:

1. Press on the blade with your right hand, lowering the lever down, and with your left forearm, strike from below at the base of the opponent’s hand (Fig. 40).

Rice. 40. Disarming the enemy with a direct knife blow

2. There is also a “mirror” version of the first method: the captured knife blade is led up, and a blow is struck from above with the forearm of the left hand at the base of the opponent’s hand (Fig. 41).

Rice. 41. Disarming an opponent with a forearm strike from above

3. Capturing the brush near the knife blade. Having seized the enemy's hand, turn the body to the left and strike with the elbow of the right hand at the attacker's elbow (Fig. 42). Next, continue to twist the opponent's wrist while pulling his arm back. With such movements, you pinch the tendon of the hand, as a result of which the enemy will drop the knife.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- the principle of knocking out a knife is no different from the principle of releasing a limb from a grip. Remember: the knife grabbed by the blade is an extension of your hand;

Rice. 42. Disarming the enemy with a blow to the elbow

- do not try to pull out the knife: it is useless; unscrew it or use it as a lever;

- the opponent's hand can be unclenched by unbending his thumb and little finger;

- remember that it is better to cut your hand than to run the risk of being stabbed in the ribs with a knife.

Disarming an enemy holding a gun

Unlike melee weapons, a pistol poses a much greater danger due to its huge radius of action. In a situation where the enemy wants to use a pistol, your main task is to quickly get out of the line of fire. Carrying out the defense, as a rule, includes the following series of actions: leaving the line of fire, a lightning attack, grabbing the opponent’s hand and performing a painful hold on the arm.

Your attention is invited to the following option. Get out of the line of fire by applying twisting with the pelvis (Fig. 43), then put your left hand on the opponent’s hand and twist the pistol in the direction against the opponent’s thumb.

Rice. 43. Disarming an enemy holding a gun

In this case, your second hand can perform a number of actions: firstly, not participate in the reception, so that it becomes possible to defend against attacks carried out by the opponent’s free hand or legs. Secondly, the movements of the free hand should help the reception, so apply it from below and start rotating the opponent's hand. With an increase in effort, the time to complete the reception will decrease. Thirdly, you can attack with your free hand during the reception.

Remember that when carrying out this technique, you should use the principle of leverage (Fig. 44).

Rice. 44. Using the principle of leverage to disarm the enemy

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- when grabbing the opponent's hand, you can grab only its upper part, and put your free hand on the gun to enhance the lever action;

- many pistols throw back the bolt when fired, and if the enemy fires at the moment you lay your hand on the pistol, you will be seriously injured. Therefore, try to conduct the reception as quickly as possible;

- remember that the selected pistol can be used as brass knuckles for striking the enemy's head.

Weapon punching technique

In this section, the key points of the technique of disarming the enemy are given. The most important thing is to use the lever, and with what weapon, it is not so important. A stick, a knife, a bottle, a pistol, and many other objects can equally well act as a lever. The essence of this technique boils down to the fact that the enemy holds any weapon with the same grip, and therefore, the basis of the technique for knocking out the weapon will be constant. Basic principles:

1. When breaking, the opponent’s hand should make an angle with the forearm that is less than 90 ° (this can cause pain).

2. Try to strike at the enemy's pain points, while the optimal angle between the attacking limb and the attacked surface is 45 °.

3. Any technique begins with the movements of the pelvis and shoulders, try to maximize the momentum.

4. The enemy's weapon must either be knocked out of his hands with a throw into an inaccessible zone, or taken by himself.

You can deprive the enemy of weapons by acting on his pain points. With strong pain sensations, the enemy involuntarily opens his hand and loses his weapon (Fig. 45).

Rice. 45. Disarming the enemy by influencing pain points

Location of some pain points:

1. Between the bases of the thumb and forefinger.

2. Based on the edge of the palm.

3. Between the knuckles of the ring, middle and index fingers.

4. On the inside of the wrist. A few examples of hitting pain points:

1. Hitting the base of the hand with the edge of the palm while doing a squat. Perform a body turn, leaving the line of fire, and, crouching slightly to increase the impact energy, strike at the base of the opponent's hand (Fig. 46).

Rice. 46. ​​Hitting the base of the opponent's hand

2. A blow to the pain point, located in the lower part of the base of the hand, is applied with the toe or edge of the foot (Fig. 47). When you strike with the edge of the foot, you start moving by turning the body counterclockwise. At the same time, leaving the line of fire, you gain energy for a strike due to a turn and, striking at a painful point, disarm the enemy. The toe kick is performed sharply and shortly from a squat position.

Rice. 47. Hitting the bottom of the base of the opponent's hand

3. In pain points on the wrist and between the knuckles, blows are applied with a brush or fist. Both strikes are carried out with an overlap. Leave the line of fire by turning the body, and strike either with the outside of the hand in the direction of movement, or with a fist from below (Fig. 48).

Rice. 48. A blow to a painful point on the wrist

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- any technique begins with leaving the line of fire;

- blows to painful points should be sliding and biting;

- any reception must be completed on the exhale.

Technique of special moves

It often happens in life that it is impossible to hold an open duel for a number of reasons. This section describes some of the tricks used by special forces soldiers around the world.

"The master strikes the opponent" (saying of the karate teacher).

Neutralization of the sentry (Fig. 49). Creeping up to the sentry from behind, make a dash forward, hitting him in the upper thighs with your shoulder, while your hands should wrap around the legs of the enemy in the ankle area. The sentinel's legs are locked in your grip, so your opponent will fall forward as a result of the strike. At this moment, with a sharp jerk, pull his legs towards you, while straightening to his full height.

Rice. 49. Neutralization of sentry

The enemy lies on the ground, and you hold his legs. Kick him in the groin with one foot, then sit on his back and bind the opponent's hands. In order to make it easier to do this, grab his hand and, turning it around, move it around the circumference behind the opponent's back. When his hand is pressed to his back, perform a painful hold on the elbows: to do this, lift them up a little and, raising your pelvis, rest against the opponent's elbows with your hips. Now the opponent's hands are fixed, and yours are free. Bind his hands (Fig. 50).

Rice. 50. Binding the opponent's hands

Now consider a situation where you yourself act as a sentry. The main thing is to react in time to the attack, because when the enemy is on your back, it will be too late to make any attempts to break free from the grip. Starting to fall, twist the pelvis (in this case, the arm extended forward will be the axis of rotation). The energy of rotation is quite enough to throw off the enemy; after completing the turn, strike the enemy with the edge of the palm of your hand in the neck or with your fist in the temple.

Striking technique

Each style of martial arts has its own characteristics. For example, in martial arts, low stances and concentration of power in one blow are more often used. And this is understandable, because the eastern inhabitants are short and squat. But for tall Europeans, such fighting styles are unacceptable. The presence of high growth and long limbs suggests biting side impacts and a system of various kinds of grips. On this, in part, the techniques of wrestling in the Russian style are built.

In the system of martial arts in the Russian style, the technique of direct hard blows is almost not considered. Such blows are a distinctive feature of hard styles. In the Russian style, most of the techniques are carried out with an open brush, and the energy of the blow is gained due to the movements of the body. There are no hard stances and learned movements.

Russian martial artists say that it is better to injure all opponents and come out of the fight unharmed than to hit one and die yourself. That is why kicks, for example, are applied no higher than the level of the belt: thus, stability and balance are maintained, and the time spent on the kick is significantly reduced.

But, besides technology, there is also tactics. Knowing the optimal combat tactics for various situations is one of the conditions for success. Below is a classification of the main tactical points:

1. One on one.

2. One against two.

3. One in a circle:

– upper level;

- lower level.

4. "Wall to wall."

5. Crowd (every man for himself).

Of course, each of these tactical moments can be devoted to a separate book, and this will not be enough, so in this case we consider only the one-on-one option.

As mentioned earlier, there are no memorized movements in the Russian style, they are all generated by reflexes and are spontaneous and natural. But there are a number of principles that should be followed:

1. Your body is already a weapon in itself. Keep this in mind and learn how to use it.

2. The blow can be delivered from any position.

3. The direction and strength of the blow should be changed, but the movement should never be interrupted. It must follow the “wave principle”: for example, a sea wave can change its movement and power, but it is impossible to stop it. The "wave principle" is shown in fig. 51 and 52.

Rice. 51. "The Wave Principle" (forward movement)

Strike "troika"

Consider a situation where you and your opponent are standing in left-sided stances. The attack looks like this. Starting a turn with your hips, you kick with the toe of your right foot into the opponent’s shin of the same name, then move the body forward a little, reducing the distance, and strike with the knee of the same leg into the upper part of the opponent’s thigh (there is a painful point). Continue the turn and, turning your back to the enemy, hit his knee with the foot from the inside (Fig. 53).

Rice. 52. "The principle of the wave" (moving to the side)

Rice. 53. Strike "troika"

Consider the "troika" made by hand. The first blow, turning the body, apply to the solar plexus (there are many nerve endings at this point of the body). Then, bending the arm and moving the body forward, strike with the elbow in the stomach or throat of the opponent. By the time the second strike is delivered, all the energy accumulated by turning the hull will be used up. Therefore, start turning to the other side and deliver a third blow to the neck or head of the enemy with the back of the hand (fist) or the edge of the hand, sharply unbending the elbow joint (Fig. 54).

Rice. 54. Hit "troika" hand

"Monkey step" with a kick

This strike perfectly confirms the principle "from any position you can strike." The fact is that this technique refutes the opinion of the majority that effective strikes are delivered only from racks.

The attack looks like this. In fact, in the first phase of the strike, you are squatting with your hands on your knees - a common posture for a monkey.

From a light squat position, you begin a pelvic turn, lowering your arms (this is necessary to create support). Resting your hands on the ground, sharply throw your leg to the side. The blow is usually delivered to the ankle, shin or knee of the opponent.

Blocks are one of the defense techniques. But before talking about blocks, you should understand what protection is. The well-known definition of defense characterizes it as a response to an attack, consisting of a series of actions that neutralize the attack of the enemy. These actions are divided into preparation for the defense and the direct conduct of the defense itself.

The preparation for the execution of the block includes, first of all, the recognition of the moment of attack. Keep a close eye on your prospective opponent: signs such as fluttering eyelashes, flaring nostrils, dilated pupils will alert you to an impending attack.

So, we come to the implementation of protection. In this case, we offer a block as protection. For the most part, the blocks performed by the hands are a defense with the forearm, which is placed perpendicular to the attacking limb (arm, leg) of the opponent.

Blocks are of two types: power and soft. Often, soft blocks are much more profitable, as they allow you to use the energy of the opponent’s blow for your attack (aikido is built on this principle), but they are much more difficult to perform.

Power blocks

The task of the power block is not only to stop the opponent’s blow, but also to take his arm to the side, so the muscles of your blocking arm must be very tense. However, when using power blocks, two important factors should be taken into account. First, it is the weight of the enemy. If the opponent is significantly superior to you in this (one and a half or two times), then it is worth taking wider and lower stances. Secondly, you need, as they say, to fill your hand.

At the beginning of training, the setting of power blocks causes painful sensations, which, undoubtedly, can affect the result of the fight.

Upper block. This block is performed in both left-handed and right-handed racks. The blocking forearm moves freely in the upper part of the body, covering the stomach, chest and head. In any stance, the blocking hand is always in front of the attacking hand. The second hand is located in the thigh area and is ready for an instant counterattack. The upper block is held at the level of the forehead, at the moment of blocking the arm must be bent at the elbow in order to be able to cushion. The optimal bending angle is 90°. Exhale while blocking. This will significantly increase the speed of setting the block.

The next version of the top block is based on the element of rotation. After blocking, begin to rotate your forearm outward, this will allow you to move the opponent’s arm, and his body will become open.

It is worth noting that the lower blows (to the pelvis, groin, legs) are applied mainly with the legs, so they are also used to create blocks.

Also, the upper block can be performed with two hands. Clench your fists and sharply throw up both hands, crossed at the forearms. With such a block, the opponent’s hand, which has fallen into the “cross” of the block, can be captured and held as a counter-attack.

Lower block. When performing the lower blocks, the blocking hand assumes the position described above, that is, the stance does not change. The hand is still in the chest area and moves freely within the upper half of the body.

With side kicks to the waist-knees area, your blocking hand must make a rotational movement (left hand clockwise, right hand counterclockwise) in order to move down. The working surface of the block is the lower rib of the forearm. With such blocks, grabs of the opponent's leg are often used as a counterattack. With direct strikes to the waist-knees area, use the same blocks, but with further rotation to take the opponent's leg to the side.

When kicking in the groin, blocks are used with the hands and feet.

Punches: clench your hands into fists, cross your arms with the outer sides of your forearms, sit down on impact and quickly lower your arms down along the axis of the body. The kick is performed as follows: turn around on the right leg, lifting the left. At the moment of striking, strike with the heel at the opponent's shin.

Slope - deviation of the body by several degrees relative to the vertical axis passing through the body (Fig. 55).

Rice. 55. Slope

Slope is one of the many types of protection. It is most often used in cases where the opponent's blow cannot be stopped or blocked; It is also used in conjunction with other methods.

Slopes are made in different ways depending on their direction and amplitude. This may be just a deviation of the body, and perhaps a strong rotation of the hips.

The slope has several undoubted advantages that distinguish it from the general mass of defensive techniques. First, the energy cost of slipping is nothing compared to the cost of blocking. Secondly, when using a block as a defense, a small, seemingly insignificant pause is inevitable between defense and attack. But believe me, there are no insignificant trifles in a fight, and it may happen that such a pause will decide the outcome of the fight. Using slope will avoid this delay. Thirdly, with the help of a slope, you can create an imaginary reduction in the distance between you and the enemy, mislead him.

punches

These strikes are a significant part of any martial art. To perform an effective punch, you need to know how to do it correctly, otherwise you will not only not cause damage to the enemy, but you yourself will get injured. Let's consider the basic blows, on their basis all the rest are formed and performed.

Punch

Although it is possible to strike with different sides of the fist, now it is worth considering the simplest, direct blow. In this case, a platform is used as the shock part, consisting of the phalanges and knuckles of the index and middle fingers.

"If you want to learn how to fight, learn how to clench your fist."

(Chinese wisdom)

The clenching of the fist begins with the fingertips. Bend them at the second joint so that the pads are pressed tightly against the first phalanx. After that, continue to curl your fist until the nails rest against the palm. Place your thumb on the second phalanx of your index and middle fingers and press firmly (Fig. 56). The fist must be a single system, the individual parts of which ideally interact with each other. Remember that with a good blow, improper clenching of the fist leads to broken fingers.

When striking, the fist, wrist and forearm must be in a straight line, representing a single blow vector, otherwise you can get injured.

For a better understanding, it is worth adding that with a direct strike, you can clearly identify the target of the strike for yourself. The essence of this aiming is that you should see the point at which you hit, in the gap between the knuckles of the index and middle fingers.

Rice. 56. Proper clenching of the fist

Do not forget that all the power of the blow is in the movement of the body, with the movements of one hand you will not achieve much. Striking should go with a simultaneous turn in the hips, so you will put into a direct strike not only the muscular strength of the hand, but you will also be able to influence it with the whole mass of your body.

Key conditions requiring special attention:

- with a direct punch, try to take a stance with your elbows down;

- part of the arm from the elbow to the fist inclusive should be straight, this position will help to avoid injury;

- when the fist touches the surface of the opponent's body, try to rotate the hand by 30–40°, this will give the blow a whip and provide a strong pain effect.

The technique for performing such a blow is relatively simple. The blow is applied with the hand corresponding to the carrying leg. Body movements are practically absent, with the exception of the turn of the body. The blow is used for attack, in rare cases - for defense (stopping blow).

Hook

In boxing, such a blow is called an uppercut. It is used in close range combat.

Technique: gather the body into a ball, concentrating all its strength in the center. Now start throwing your hand with a clenched fist up in an arc, while turning the brush with the back side up. Turning the hips will give power to the blow.

The undoubted advantages of the hook strike are in power, ease of execution and no need to move.

The blow is applied to the lower jaw or from below to the nose.

With a successful execution, the hook often leads the opponent to a loss of consciousness.

Strikes with two hands

Such strikes are very effective and difficult to block, but their correct execution requires considerable skill and skill. They are applied simultaneously and with the same force, at short and medium distances. The following are a few examples of this type of strike.

Direct blow with two fists. The blow is performed with two fists at the upper and middle levels. Consider the example of a right-handed rack. Leaning back a little, make a sharp lunge towards the enemy and deliver a direct blow with your right hand to the abdominal cavity, and with your left hand - to the head. After hitting, immediately return to the starting position. Moreover, the forearm of the right hand, starting the movement, turns with the inside up. In fact, after striking, you automatically stand in the upper frame.

Double blow "hand-spear". The blow is performed with two straight brushes. The four fingers of the hand are pressed tightly against each other, forming a plate, and the thumb is bent and pressed against the palm. The forearm, hand and fingers lie on the same straight line, forming the so-called spear (Fig. 57).

Rice. 57. Spear hand

Double blow to the ears. This strike is performed with two palms. Most often used as a stun when attacking from behind, or when attacking from the front as an addition to kicks.

The execution of the "hand-spear" strike resembles the technique of a direct strike with two fists. The only difference is that with your right hand you strike at the solar plexus, and with your left hand at the opponent's throat.

Consider the first strike option. The undoubted advantage of this strike is the simplicity of execution that does not require special skills. Approach the enemy from behind and strike with both palms on both sides of the ears, as a result of which the enemy will be stunned and will not be able to resist.

Second option. For all its simplicity, this strike has a significant drawback: it is very easy to block.

Based on this, in an open direct attack, this blow is best used as an addition to kicks. For example, kick the enemy in the groin or knee, and then, sharply reducing the distance, hit him from both sides with open palms on the auricles.

Elbow strikes

The elbow is one of the hardest impact surfaces on the human body. In the practice of hand-to-hand combat, there are several varieties of elbow strikes. They are classified according to their direction.

Elbow strikes are used for short distances and are used in a variety of situations.

Hit from above. This blow is used as a finishing blow. If your opponent's body is in a bent state, that is, his back takes a horizontal position at the level of your belt, strike with your elbow to the opponent's spine or neck. As a result, the enemy will fall to the ground. In this case, your forearm and hand should be in one straight line, and the hand, in turn, should be clenched into a fist. To increase the impact of the blow, you can jump a little before delivering it.

Kick forward, to the side. This hit is good for attacking. From the stance, lunge and strike with your elbow to the opponent's solar plexus. In this case, the forearm is turned down with the inside. The blow can be strengthened by resting on the fist of the attacking hand with the free palm.

Kick back. This type of strike is used when gripping the neck from behind. Squeeze the brush into a fist, turn the forearm with the inside up and strike with the elbow back. A short swing will increase the impact. Usually in such cases, the point of attack is the unprotected edges of the enemy.

Blow up. Here you can imagine two options for such a strike. The first is used to counterattack after breaking out of a neck hold from behind. Coming out of such a grip, you stand in a semi-squat sideways to the enemy. Strike with your elbow from below to the chin, while moving up.

The second option is used when attacking. Remember the technique of performing a hook strike. The actions are identical, but the blow to the lower jaw is delivered not with a fist (it passes by), but with the elbow and the forearm adjacent to it. This blow is quite powerful and is short-lived.

Kicks

In this section, we will look at some types of kicks. But before proceeding to the description of specific situations, let's try to classify these strikes. Classification:

1. Direct hit.

2. Side impact.

3. Roundhouse kick.

4. Hit from below.

5. Kick back.

6. Knee kick.

It should be noted that all kicks, regardless of their direction, are delivered from the right-hand stance.

Now let's talk about the general technique of kicking. It is much more difficult and very different from techniques such as punches. It is also worth considering that when you kick, your body position becomes less stable, so here are a few general principles for proper kicking.

1. Make sure that when the attacking leg leaves the ground, the supporting foot rests on the surface.

2. Bend your supporting leg a little when you strike: if the knee is tense, you will not be able to absorb the recoil of the impact, which threatens to lose balance.

3. Do not tilt your body too low when you hit it: if you shift your center of gravity incorrectly, you will lose your balance.

4. Remember that the kick is on short distance weaker, but faster and more inconspicuous, and a long shot is strong and easily detected, it is easier to block.

5. After striking, return the foot to the starting position or move around without allowing the opponent to grab.

Direct hit

This kick is considered one of the simplest and most effective. However, it is very difficult to block or take aside.

Technique: transfer the weight of the body to the left leg, place your hands with clenched fists in front of you at chest level parallel to the body. Bending the right attacking leg, raise it so that its knee almost touches the chest. Now sharply straighten your right leg, striking in the stomach of the opponent. Pull the toe towards you so that the heel serves as the impact surface. The leg should be strained only at the moment of contact with the attacked surface, thus the impact speed is significantly increased. After hitting, immediately return to the starting position.

Side kick

This strike has a fairly high efficiency and is not very difficult to execute, but it is easily detected and blocked.

Technique: transfer the body weight to the left leg, keep the hands in front of the chest, as described above. Lean to the right and raise the attacking left leg, bent at the knee, up to chest level. The thigh in this position should be parallel to the ground. Now sharply straighten it at the knee and strike at the head or body of the enemy. The striking surface in this case is the instep of the foot or lower leg.

Spinning Kick

This blow achieves tremendous power due to the energy of the body turn.

As for the kick with a turn, you should focus on one very important point: when turning the body, first of all, you must turn your face to the enemy so that you can clearly see the place where the kick is delivered.

Technique: from the rack, take a step with your left foot, transferring your body weight to it, and begin to turn the body clockwise. At the same time, the right leg rises to the level of the belt, bending at the knee, the thigh should be parallel to the ground. The blow occurs at the moment when you stand up to the enemy with your right side. Sharply straighten your leg at the knee and deliver a direct blow to the head or body of the opponent. The striking surface is the heel.

Hit from below

This strike is a classic start to a fight with multiple opponents. Many call it feminine. In fact, it can be recognized as the simplest and most effective.

Technique: transfer the weight of the body to the left leg, and with the right, with a short swing, strike at the opponent's groin. The instep of the foot or lower leg is used as a striking surface. Such a blow will easily incapacitate the enemy for quite a long time.

Another variation of such a strike is a kick to the opponent's chin.

The execution technique is the same as in the first case.

Kick back

This blow is usually used in the case of a duel with several opponents, one of which is standing behind.

Technique: transfer the weight of the body to the left leg, and lift the shock right leg a little, bending at the knee. Now simultaneously turn around and, leaning for balance, strike back at the head, body, groin or knee of the opponent. The role of the shock surface here is performed by the heel.

knee strike

It is worth starting with the simplest blow - a knee to the opponent's groin. This strike is performed quite simply: having sharply reduced the distance with the enemy, strike with the knee of the right leg in the groin area. After that, step back into a defensive stance, or continue with a series of strikes, such as elbows. Other variations of the knee strike are based on locking your body close to the opponent. Grab the opponent's shoulders with both hands and, jumping up, strike with a knee in the stomach or chest.

Undercuts

Not without reason, cuttings are considered the height of skill. In a sports duel or in a situation of a street fight, a well-executed sweep - The best way knock the enemy down. Of course, do not forget that if your opponent is on the ground, this does not mean that you have won, because he can get up and continue the fight.

To quickly calculate the moment at which the opponent will not be able to resist the technique used against him, constant training in sparring is required. In such trainings, the technique of execution is also honed. The whole difficulty in the execution of the sweep lies in the huge risk of making a mistake and provoking a counterattack.

The above applies to you as well. If you find yourself knocked down, do not panic and drive away thoughts that you are weaker, continue to fight: for example, you can hit the enemy in the knee when he approaches you, confident in his victory.

Most sweeps are carried out at a time when the enemy is attacking with his feet. The classic case is kicking the opponent with a spinning leg.

Undercuts are very effective and look very impressive from the side, but the technique of their execution is incredibly complex. It's not just about technology though.

The moments in which you can use sweeping happen extremely rarely in battle, therefore, in addition to the technical side of the technique honed to the smallest detail, you need even the sharpest flair and the ability to instantly analyze the situation.

Below are the requirements that must be observed for the successful execution of the undercut.

1. Carefully analyze the moment when the enemy is open for hooking. Perhaps this is just a ruse followed by a deliberate counterattack.

2. The point of impact during the undercut should be located as low as possible on the back or outside of the opponent's legs.

3. The blow must be sharp and strong so that the opponent's foot can come off the ground.

4. Use the combined strengths of the leg and hip when performing the sweep.

5. Sweep only if the opponent is in an unstable position.

6. Try to strike either as a finishing element or as a first attack.

Let's consider such a situation. By kicking you to the body or to the head, the opponent begins to turn clockwise and throw the attacking leg forward. At this point, you should start rotating your body counterclockwise while crouching.

The opponent's leg passes over your head, and your body continues to rotate further due to inertia. You, continuing the rotation, throw your right leg forward and strike at the opponent's supporting leg.

The shin or the instep of the foot act as the impact surface. As a result, you deprive an already unstable opponent of support, and he falls to the ground.

Impact surfaces of arms and legs

You can strike with almost all parts of the body. But in a combat situation, it is desirable that the blow has a strong effect with minimal effort. The following is a description of the best impact surfaces on the human body. Be warned, however, that you will need extensive training before you can make full use of the striking surfaces listed below in combat (fig. 58). Hands:

Rice. 58. Striking surfaces of arms and legs

- the front part of the fist;

- edge of the palm;

- folded "spear" fingers;

- knuckles of fingers bent in the second phalanx;

– relaxed brush (lash effect);

- the tip of the elbow;

- the base of the elbow. Legs:

- lifting the foot;

- edge of the foot;

- knee.

Vulnerable points on the human body

For many centuries there have been different opinions about the viability of man. Some believe that a person is a fragile creature and it is very easy to cripple him, someone adheres to the opposite point of view.

This section talks about some of the vulnerable points on the human body, so you should think carefully before inflicting a serious blow, many of the consequences of which are irreparable.

Classification:

1. Vulnerable points of the head (Fig. 59).

Rice. 59. Vulnerable points of the head

2. Vulnerable points of the hull (Fig. 60).

Rice. 60. Vulnerable points of the body

3. Vulnerable points of the legs.

Vulnerable points of the head

Superciliary arch. There are clusters of nerve endings and small blood vessels.

When hit in the superciliary arch, the vessels burst, causing hemorrhage in the eyes, which impairs vision, and the impact on the nerve endings guarantees a strong pain effect.

Lower jaw. This area is located at a point located on the border of the lower jaw and ear. A blow delivered to this place breaks the bone, hitting cervical region spine, which leads to loss of consciousness in the enemy. In boxing, this point is known as the "knockout area".

Nasal bone. This point is located at the junction of the nasal cartilage and the skull, between the eyebrows.

A blow to the nasal bone causes profuse bleeding, which makes it difficult to breathe, and also impairs vision and can lead to painful shock.

Lateral part of the jaw. A blow to the side of the jaw breaks or knocks out the bone, producing a strong pain effect.

Ears. Hitting the auricles with the palms of the hands leads to damage to the outer ear and, as a result, to hearing loss. There are many blood vessels and nerves in the area near the ears, so such a blow causes bleeding and loss of consciousness due to pain shock.

Vulnerable points of the body

Solar plexus. This point is located in the center of the chest. Here is the largest cluster of nerves.

Many vital organs (heart, liver, stomach) are located near the solar plexus.

There are no ribs in this area, so it turns out to be unprotected and a blow to it produces a very strong pain effect.

Pain shock, shortness of breath, gastric bleeding, interruptions in the work of the heart, loss of consciousness - this is not a complete list of the consequences of such a blow.

Ribs. By their structure, the ribs are the most fragile bones in humans. Therefore, fractures of the 5th-8th ribs occur even with moderate impacts. Broken ribs cause a painful shock, and their fragments can damage vital organs.

Armpits. Large blood vessels and nerves pass through the armpits. Unlike many other areas of the body, they have neither bone nor muscle protection, so the sensations of a blow to the armpits resemble a strong electric shock. As a result of such a blow, pain shock and loss of hand functionality occur.

Crotch. Many large vessels and nerves pass in this area, the genitals are located above, which in themselves are very sensitive. A blow to the perineum causes pain shock and the danger of rupture of the bladder.

"A good strategy is half the success of a campaign."

(Napoleon Bonaparte)

Coccyx. A blow to this area can damage the central nervous system and cause severe pain or even paralysis.

kidneys located in close proximity to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. They do not have bone protection, therefore they are very vulnerable.

When the kidneys are struck, severe pain occurs, their rupture and internal hemorrhage are possible.

Vulnerable points of the legs

Knee cap. The most effective attacks are in the patella of the supporting leg. A blow to this area causes severe pain and immobility of the knee joint.

The outer part of the knee. A direct blow to the knee leads to the destruction of the joint due to its unnatural deflection to the other side and causes severe pain and immobility of the knee.

Inner part of the knee. A blow to this area damages the ligaments and tendons around the patella, causing severe pain and immobility of the knee joint.

Tactics and battle strategy

No matter how well honed your skills and abilities in the field of hand-to-hand combat, in a situation where you are threatened, you need to try to behave in a certain way. There are many options for behavior, they depend on specific conditions (for example, you should not behave in the same way when sorting out relations with a drunken company in an unfamiliar area). The following are general principles, following which you can avoid a number of troubles:

Do not get hung up on one strike or technique, in combat, variety and improvisation are required, then it will be much more difficult for the enemy to predict your actions and correctly build a counterattack.

1. Never reveal your weaknesses to your opponent.

2. Before the fight, do not get lost and do not panic, try to calm down and think clearly. Remember: the enemy is nervous if you are confident in yourself.

3. Try to stand sideways to the opponent, in this way you will reduce the area of ​​​​the surface of your body available for strikes.

4. Attack and defense must be combined with each other. Remember: only by defending, the fight cannot be won.

5. You need to remember about the vulnerable points of your body, after the attack, immediately get into a defensive stance.

6. One of the most important components of a fight is keeping your balance. Control all your movements, do not take them to the extreme. Change the direction and strength of the blow, constantly maneuver, not giving the enemy a reason for a successful counterattack.

7. Try not to raise your hands high. By picking them up, you will open up many areas that are convenient for attacking. Remember: raised shoulders protect the jaw, elbows and forearms cover the chest and abdomen. In no case do not open the armpits, they must always be protected.

8. Try not to fully straighten your arm even when carrying out direct blows. Leave it slightly bent to maintain mobility and maneuverability.

9. When kicking, try not to lift it high. It is necessary to use such advantages of kicks as the ability to deliver them unexpectedly for the opponent and their significant power. You can not bring the leg too far forward, thereby becoming more vulnerable to the enemy and losing balance.

10. All movements during the fight must be quick and precise. Retreating a step, try to shrink with the body, thus reducing the volume of the body, and hence the inertia.

11. Hit quickly and with force. After delivering a strike or a series of strikes, immediately return to a defensive position and analyze the condition of the opponent.

Chapter 3

Defense against attack in hand-to-hand combat is a more complex process than meets the eye. First of all, you must anticipate the type and direction of the enemy's attack before you defend against it. In addition, when defending, you should try to seize the initiative and use the opponent's attack to your advantage.

The following steps show various options protection:

1. Block the arm or leg of the opponent with enough force to discourage the opponent from continuing the attack.

In a sense, this type of defense can be called an attack.

2. Block the opponent's attack with only enough force to parry the blow or change its direction. This in paragraph 1 would be called a light rebuff.

Z. Defend and attack. Repel the attack of the enemy and immediately counterattack. You can also defend and counterattack at the same time.

4. Use your defense to unbalance your opponent.

5. Block the opponent's attack when it is about to start.

In order to be able to do this, you need to anticipate the attack of the enemy.

6. Defend and then move to a safe position until you have an opportunity to counterattack. Defenses against kicks in hand-to-hand combat are extremely developed. In other sports where there is contact between body parts of opponents, kicks to the vital centers of the body are usually absent. Thus, these defense techniques are characteristic only for hand-to-hand combat. In hand-to-hand combat, not only arms and hands, but also feet and legs are used to protect against kicks.

As mentioned above, a strong defense is a type of attack, as it can deliver a strong blow to the arm or leg of the opponent, blocking his attack.

§ 1. Techniques of protection against punches

Head impact protection

Rice. (1), Fig. (2), Fig. (3), Fig. (4)

Rice. 1

1. Move the blocking hand up and forward from the starting position until it touches the opponent's hand. At the moment of contact, bring your forearm back to your head, ending just in front of your forehead. On its way, the blocking hand describes an arc. Note that its path lies outside of the withdrawn hand.

If you are far superior to the opponent in strength and skill, it is not necessary to return the forearm to the forehead after the defense. Her path may not curve, but continue upward and forward.

Under normal circumstances, however, it is safer to lead the blocking hand in an arc.

2. If your left hand is in front of your forehead when you begin the defense, open your palm, point your fingers up, and the edge of your palm outward from you. Withdraw that hand to a position above the left thigh, bringing it straight down in front of the nose. When the hand leaves the hip, clench it into a fist.

A) 3protection from the outside to the inside of the lower part of the wrist.

While the left hand is withdrawn, move the right forearm up. The path of the blocking hand lies outside of the left hand. If the reception is performed correctly, then the left hand and right forearm form a cross in front of the face when they pass each other. Remember that at the beginning of the defense, the right elbow should be kept close to the body. The blocking surface in this defense includes 7.5-10 cm from the wrist from the inside of the forearm.

b) 3protection from the outside to the bottom of the wrist. Rice. (5), Fig. (6)

Rice. 5. Protected forearm from impact to the body from the outside to the inside

Raise your left hand to the side, keeping your fist at your left ear. At this point, the lower part of the fist is directed outward to the left side.

Concave at a 90° angle at the elbow, strike down and forward with this arm and deflect the opponent's fist directed at your body. The moment your forearm touches your opponent's hand, the back of your fist should be facing your opponent and be at the level of your chin, and your forearm should be almost perpendicular to the floor. As the arm moves from outside to inside, rotate your forearm 180 degrees counterclockwise. To summarize, we can say: beat the attacking arm of the enemy to the side with a circular motion of your forearm from the outside to the inside.

Rice. (7), Fig. (8)

Rice. 7. Protection from the inside out at the top of the wrist

Place the left fist in front of the right thigh with the back of the fist facing forward. Using your elbow as your pivot, move your forearm up and forward. Repel your opponent's body attack by hitting his forearm sideways with the top of your wrist from the inside out. The left hand goes forward outside of the right. At the moment of contact, your elbow should be bent at a 90° angle, your fist should be at the level of your chin, and your forearm should be almost perpendicular to the floor. While the left forearm moves forward in defense, withdraw the right hand to a position over the right thigh. As you withdraw your right hand, rotate your hips clockwise. For extra strength, coordinate the movement of the hips, the stronger your defense will be.

Down protection

Rice. (9)

Rice. 9

Start the downward guard from a position in which the left fist is near the right ear. Point the back of your fist out to the side.

Strike down, straightening your elbow, and deflect the opponent's blow to the side with the bottom of your wrist. Complete the defense by stopping the left fist just above the left knee.

Protection with a hand-knife from hitting the body

Rice. (10)

Place the right hand near the left ear, the back of the hand looking out to the side.

With a snapping motion, send the right hand forward and turn the body counterclockwise.

As the hand moves forward to protect, turn your forearm counterclockwise and keep your elbow bent.

Rotation of the forearm in defense

The strength of the defense increases if you rotate the forearm during the execution of the technique. When you defend as if you intend to drive it into the bone of the opponent's arm. This forearm rotation also serves to deflect the opponent's punch away from your torso.

Upward defense against a blow to the head.

Rice. (eleven)

Rice. eleven

Rotate your forearm counterclockwise as you lift it towards your forehead. Keep your elbow bent at all times. Tighten the muscles in your wrist and forearm.

Forearm counterclockwise as you lift it towards your forehead. Keep your elbows bent at all times. Tighten the muscles in your wrist and forearm.

Forearm protection against blows to the body

Rice. (12)

From outside to inside guard: Rotate your forearm clockwise while guarding. Keep your elbow bent at all times.

Defense from within: Rotate your forearm clockwise as you move it forward to protect.

Knife hand defense

Rice. (13)

From the inside out, when defending, turn your forearm counterclockwise. Keep your elbow bent at all times.

From outside to inside: Rotate your forearm clockwise.

Down protection

Rice. (14)

Rotate the forearm inward, straighten the elbow and defend with a large downward movement of the arm.

Hip rotation

Fig.(15)

Rice. 15

A discussion of punching techniques clearly demonstrated the importance of hip rotation in increasing punching power. Rotation of the hips is also necessary for effective defense. Whether you are using a strong guard done from a firm position or a light guard done on the move from a flexible position, remember to rotate your hips.

You cannot parry a strong blow or change its direction unless you can use the strength of your hips.

On defense, both hands seem to start moving in the same direction at the same time. However, a closer analysis of this movement shows that at the very beginning, the blocking hand lags behind the withdrawing hand for a moment. Upper defense: the left hand starts moving first, then the left arm, shoulders and hips move. As part of this movement, the right hand moves up to protect. In other words, the withdrawn hand moves first.

If during the defense the hips rotate correctly, then their reverse movement automatically occurs, which is very conducive to the counterattack. In other words, when the hips are fully rotated in one direction and the limit of tension in the abdomen is reached, the hips begin to rotate in the opposite direction. The force from this counter-rotation travels towards the shoulders, upper arm and forearm, amplifies and culminates in the fist in the form of a powerful explosive blow to the target.

Blocking arm elbow position

Rice. (16)

Rice. 16

The moment the block is made, all the force must be concentrated in the forearm. The amount of force you can apply depends on the position of your elbow in relation to the side of your body. If the elbow is far away from the body, it will be difficult to strain lateral muscles torso and protection will be weak. In addition, if the elbow stays too close to the body during protection, then the amplitude of protection will be small and the blocking force will decrease. Keep your elbow not too far from your body, and not too close to it. Moreover, when defending against a body blow, be sure to end your forearm movement at the center of your torso, and not to the left or right of center.

If the elbow and forearm are in the correct position, then the strength of the hips, trunk and arm will be concentrated in the forearm. At the moment of impact, fully tighten the lateral muscles of the body and the muscles of the arm. The correct position of the elbow in various defenses is discussed below.

Upper body impact protection

Rice. (1)

Raise your elbow to ear height and as close to it as possible. This position gives the body the opportunity to provide the necessary tension.

Forearm protection against impact and body

Rice. (17)

Place your elbow palm-width from your side. If the elbow is at the side at a distance greater than the above, it will be difficult to strain the lateral muscles of the body. Keep your elbow in such a position that it divides the torso approximately in half. A straight front punch should either hit your forearm or deflect without hurting you towards one side of your torso.

Avoid moving your elbow in any direction away from the recommended position. Your defense will be unsuccessful if the elbow moves from the side to the side.

Final defense position

There is no benefit in bringing the forearm past the point where the guard was made. If the forearm continues to move after blocking, tension in the lateral muscles disappears, control over the trunk is weakened and it is difficult to carry out the next move.

Under such conditions, the first requirement for a strong defense - tension of the lateral muscles - cannot be met.

Defense as an attack

Rice. (18), Fig. (19), Fig. (20), Fig. (21), Fig. (22)

As already mentioned, the defense can also serve as an offense. For example, a powerful defense can deliver a blow strong enough for the opponent to refuse further attack. However, there is another aspect in which a defense move can serve as an offense. For example, while the forearm is making a defense, the blocking hand can hit the opponent's nose or chin at the same time.

The top block can be used to attack in the following way. When your opponent punches you in the head, drop your hips, lean forward slightly, and step forward under the punching arm. At the same time, apply the top guard so that you simultaneously strike with your elbow under his armpit and with the base of your fist on his chin.

Another opportunity to use the top defense to attack is immediately after the defense. With the blocking hand, grab the wrist of the opponent's punching arm and pull it down while applying the top guard with the other hand against the opponent's elbow joint.

When an opponent moves forward to punch you to the body, step towards him and defend with a wide sweeping movement of the forearm. Your goal is to repel the attack and at the same time to punch under the enemy's nose or poke him in the eyes with your fingers.

Sliding elbow protection

Rice. (23)

It's a combination of defense and strike. While the opponent is attacking your face with a right hand strike, step your right foot back and strike upwards with your left hand in a defensive position.

However, do not complete the top protection. Instead, lightly beat the attacking arm to the side with your elbow, and then strike with your fist directly into the face of the opponent.

Protection study method

Rice. (24), Fig. (25)

Rice. 24. Top Rack Study Method

Rice. 25. Upper block with a passage inside

1. Stand in Left Front Stance with hips and shoulders straight forward.

2. Place the right forearm in front of the forehead with the hand open and the palm facing out. Place your left fist over your left thigh with the back of the fist facing down.

3. Rotate your hips clockwise and begin to lower your right hand down in front of your nose towards your right thigh.

At the same time, lift your left forearm, twisting it as you lift. The path of the left hand lies outside of the right.

4. While you withdraw your right hand to the hip, clench it into a fist. Raise your left forearm to forehead height. Complete the blocking movement at the same moment that the torso completes its movement.

5. Rotate your hips counterclockwise and return to the position described in point 2. Return your arms to their original position as well.

Basic moments

1. Complete the defense by holding your forearm about 10cm from your forehead with your hand above your elbow and the base of your fist pointing up. Do not allow the elbow to deviate from the straight path to the final position. It should move forward and up close to the side of the body.

2. When you raise your blocking arm, the angle of her elbow should be 90°.

Pull your opposite hand back to a position above your hip.

When moving, the arms should intersect at the level of the chin.

Rotate your forearms as they move in opposite directions. Be sure to perform the movement of the hands clearly and powerfully.

3. At the moment of blocking the opponent's blow, tightly clench your fist. At the same time, strongly tighten the abdominal muscles, transfer this tension to the muscles of the shoulder, and then to the blocking arm in the form of a wave-like flow of force.

Forearm protection against body attack from outside to inside

Rice. (26)

Rice. 26. Protection of the forearm from an attack on the body from the outside to the inside.

This technique provides a wonderful means of protection against a blow to the body with the fist of the enemy.

In this defense, beat the opponent's arm to the side as you defend with an outside-in movement. If the defense is made with sufficient force, then this defense alone is enough to discourage the opponent from continuing the attack.

When defending, lock your hands forward, pull the opposite hand to your side, tightly clenching your fist, as if you want to grab something.

Rotate your hips as part of the defense. The force gained from the rotation of the hips will be transferred to the blocking hand.

Forearm Defense Study Method

Rice. (27), Fig. (28), Fig. (29), Fig. (thirty)

1. Stand in Right Front Stance with hips and shoulders straight forward.

2. Stretch your left arm forward at the height of the solar plexus. The hand can be open or clenched into a fist, but in any case, the back of the hand looks up. Place your right hand over your right shoulder near your ear.

3. Draw your left arm back to your left side, turning it 180° counterclockwise. If the hand was open, squeeze it into a fist as it approaches the thigh. Rotate your hips counterclockwise. At the same time, move your right hand forward from outside to inside and secure. Rotate the forearm of the blocking hand clockwise as you lead it forward.

4. In the final stage of defense, the left fist is above the left thigh (the back of the fist is turned down), and the upper edge of the right fist is at the height of the chin.

6. Repeat the above exercise on both sides.

The second option for studying the block of defense with the forearm

1. Stand in a ready stance (natural position). The arms naturally hang down to the sides of the body.

2. After stepping back with your left foot, extend your left hand (or fist) forward. At the same time, raise your right fist over your right shoulder to your ear.

3. Continuing to take a step back, withdraw your left hand to your left hip and rotate your hips counterclockwise. At the same time, move your right forearm forward from outside to inside against the imaginary attacking arm.

4. Fully complete the guard movement by assuming a right-hand forward stance. At this point, the left fist should be above the left thigh and face down, and the right fist should be in front of the body so that its upper edge is at the level of the chin.

5. Step with your left foot and return to the position described in step 1.

6. Practice this guard on the other side, using your left hand to block. In conclusion, repeat this movement alternately in both directions. Instead of stepping back when defending, also learn the defense stepping forward.

Besides, necessary training includes the application of this protection when moving to the rear wide stance.

Important Points

1. Rotate your hips with force. The faster the hips rotate, the more power they will hand over to the defense. Increase your hip rotation speed by pulling your non-blocking hand powerfully. Avoid only rotating your shoulders when you should be rotating your hips.

2. Failed defense most often occurs from the top down. Defend in such a way as to deflect the enemy's blow to the side. In the final position of protection, do not allow the elbow of the blocked arm to deviate in any direction from the recommended position.

3. Bend the blocking arm at the elbow at a 90° angle. Avoid excessive extension or bending of the elbow.

4. The defense will be ineffective if the wrist of the blocking hand is bent. Straighten and strongly tighten your wrist.

Shoulder protection from the inside to the outside against a blow to the body

Rice. (8)

Use this technique to defend against an opponent's blow to the body by swinging the forearm from the inside out and parrying the blow to the side.

Important Points

1. The main points noted when considering the protection from the outside to the same extent apply to the protection from the inside to the outside. The main difference between these defenses is in the direction of their movement.

2. Release your non-blocking hand and rotate your hips. At the same time, point the blocking forearm from the inside out. The path described by the blocking hand lies outside the withdrawing hand.

The method of studying the protection of the forearm from the inside to the outside from a blow to the body

Rice. (31), Fig. (32)

Rice. 31

1. Stand in Left Front Stance with shoulders and hips straight forward, palm down, and place left fist in front of right thigh, back of fist pointing up.

2. Stretch your right arm forward, palm down, and place your left fist in front of your right thigh with the back of your fist pointing up.

3. Draw your right hand to your right hip and rotate your hips clockwise.

4. At the end of the defense, the right fist should be above the right thigh, and the left forearm should be almost perpendicular to the floor, the upper edge of the fist should be at the level of the chin.

5. Rotate your hips counterclockwise and return to the position described in step 2.

6. Practice the reception alternately in both directions.

The second option for studying the protection with the forearm from the inside out from a blow to the body

1. Stand in a natural position.

2. Start stepping back with your left foot. At the same time, extend the left hand forward with the palm down and place the right fist in front of the left thigh, the back of the fist facing up.

3. While the foot continues to move back, pull your left hand to your left side and rotate your hips counterclockwise. At the same time swing your right forearm forward from the inside out. Use your elbow as your pivot and rotate your forearm clockwise as you move it forward.

4. Complete the defense by assuming the right front stance. Whatever the final position, the left fist should be above the left hip and face down.

5. Step forward and return to the position described in step 1.

Instead of stepping back while defending, also practice stepping forward guarding into front, back, and front stances.

Down kick defense

This block is used to protect against a blow to the stomach.

Drop your forearm straight down from overhead and block your opponent's forearm with the bottom of your wrist. In the final position, the forearm should be parallel to the floor. The back side of the fist is directed forward.

Note that the opponent's arm is kicked more down than to the side, as in a forearm defense against a blow to the body.

Lower body impact protection

Rice. (33)

Defend against punching or kicking your opponent in the lower abdomen with a down kick defense. Repel his blow to the side by moving your forearm down and slightly to the side. This is one of the main techniques for hitting the lower body.

Important Points

1. Complete the defense with a downward strike, holding the fist of the blocking hand about 15–20 cm above the knee of the front leg.

2. Direct the blocking and retracting hand so that both hands almost touch each other as they move in their respective directions. Rotate both forearms as you defend.

3. Since it may be necessary to parry a strong kick, the defense must be vigorous.

Study Method

1. Stand in Left Front Stance with shoulders and hips straight forward.

2. Stretch the right arm in front of the stomach, the back of the hand looks up. The hand can either remain open or be clenched into a fist. Raise your left fist to your right ear, the back of the fist looking out to the side.

H. Draw your right hand to your right side and rotate your hips clockwise.

Rotate your forearm clockwise and straighten your elbow as the blocking arm comes down.

4. Complete the defense by assuming a left front stance.

The fist of the left (blocking) hand should be about 15-20 cm above the left knee, the back of the fist looking up.

5. Return to the position described in point 2.

6. Repeat the above exercise alternately on both sides.

Special Considerations

1. If you are afraid of an opponent's attack, then try to jerk your hips back to avoid a blow. This movement weakens the block.

It is difficult to repulse a strong kick with the foot if the torso is tilted forward. While defending, push your hips forward to keep your torso perpendicular to the floor.

2. If you try to block without fully rotating your hips, the guard may not be effective. Since the opponent's kick to the crotch is very strong, pay special attention to the movement of the hips to get the necessary strength.

3. If the hips are too high during the defense, the opponent's chances of a successful attack are increased. Keep your hips down and defend as close to your opponent as possible.

4. If the fist of the blocking hand moves away from the recommended position of 15-20 cm above the front leg, the defense may fail.

Knife hand defense against body blow

Rice. (34), Fig. (35), Fig. (36)

Rice. 34. Knife side impact protection

Rice. 35. Block with a knife hand with a passage inside

Rice. 36. Block with sliding knife

This defense is one of the main methods of defense against a blow directed to the stomach.

Strike as if the edge of the hand is sharp and you are going to hit the opponent's hand at the wrist.

Important Points

1. The non-blocking hand does not pull back, but stops in front of the solar plexus, the palm is open and looks up. Use this brush to hit the spear arm immediately after blocking with the other hand.

2. In the final position of the defense, the elbow of the blocking arm is bent at an angle of 90 °, and the muscles are tense. The elbow must not end at one side of the body. Effort to take the elbow inward.

3. The blocking hand comes from the starting position diagonally forward and down towards the target. Her path passes over the withdrawn hand.

4. Pull your torso back diagonally, if you step straight back or turn the guard without stepping back, then your technique has little chance of success.

The method of studying the defense with a hand-knife against a blow to the body

Rice. (10). Rice. (16)

1. Stand in a free position.

2. Start stepping back with your right foot and extend your right arm forward at solar plexus height, palm facing down. At the same time, bring your left hand near your right ear, the back of the hand facing outward to the side.

3. Keep stepping back. The backward movement can be directed diagonally or straight. Withdraw your right hand to the position in front of the solar plexus and rotate your hips clockwise. At the same time, point your left hand down towards the target, rotating your forearm clockwise.

4. Complete the defense in the left back stance, with the right hand in front of the solar plexus, palm up, and the left hand in the correct guard position.

5. Return the right leg to its original position and take the position described in paragraph 1.

6. Practice the above movement in both directions.

Protection with the base of the palm

Rice. (37)

Rice. 37. Side pull protection

With the back of the hand pointing up, raise the hand and use the base of the palm to beat off the forearm or leg of the opponent. This block can be used effectively in all directions from bottom to top - top to bottom and side to side.

Important Points

1. The success of this technique depends on a strong wrist and a snapping movement of the forearm. To apply the most biting blow, release the elbow from tension.

2. Applying a strong blow while defending the wrist, elbow joint or shin of the opponent often discourages the opponent from continuing the attack.

Defending with the back of the hand

Use this move to defend against a punch to your face. If you choose to defend with your right hand, start raising your right forearm in front of your torso and at the same time pull your right hip and leg back. Drive the opponent's arm up with the bottom of your forearm and, without stopping the movement, bring your right forearm closer to the right side of your head.

Strengthening protection with the forearm

1. When the opponent's punch is too strong to be defended against by a normal defense from the inside to the outside, then use the upper wrist to strengthen the defense by supporting the blocking forearm with the second fist.

2. Make sure the reinforcing fist or open hand is firmly pressed against the blocking forearm just below the elbow.

After this defense, you can easily counterattack with the back of your fist.

3. This technique is usually performed with a step back when the opponent is attacking. However, if you are defending, moving forward can give the block extra power.

X - Shaped protection

Rice. (38)

To perform this move, cross your arms at the wrists in an X. This use of the forearms results in a very powerful defense.

Important Points

1. If an opponent directs a punch to your face, you can easily deflect his attack by pointing your crossed wrists up at the opponent's forearm.

X - shaped block can be performed with open brushes or with fists. With this technique, you can effectively protect yourself from kicks. Block the attacking leg at the shin or ankle. During the movement, be sure to push your hips forward and keep your body perpendicular to the floor.

If you yank your hips back, your defense will be weak and your opponent's kick may hit.

Defense with joined sides of hands

Rice. (39)

When an opponent standing at your side directs a punch to the side of your head, use this defense to deflect the attack. Bend your wrists up so that the backs touch each other and your fingers point up. Repel the blow with the palm of one hand, supported by the back of the other.

Important Points

1. If a punch is sent to your head by an opponent on your left, move into a rear stance and turn to face your opponent. At the same time, cross your wrists at your right hip and raise your hands up to parry the blow.

Your block should lightly touch the opponent's wrist in front of and above your left shoulder.

2. You can parry the blow with one right hand, but the defense will be stronger when the right hand is supported by the left. Firmly press the backs of your right and left hands together as they move from hip to shoulder.

Two-handed defense

This technique is an effective defense against a punch to the chest or solar plexus. While the opponent's right fist is moving towards you, step back with your right foot, push the opponent's forearm to the side, and then grab his forearm with your left hand, and with your right grab the opponent's wrist from above. Force the opponent to keep moving forward by pulling his arm towards your right side.

Important Points

Defense can fail if you are overly concerned about changing the direction of your opponent's punch.

In the situation described above, the left hand first serves to push the attacking forearm to the side, and then to capture it.

While the left hand holds the attacking forearm, your right hand should slide over the forearm, grab the wrist, and sprint to unbalance the opponent.

Reverse wedge protection

When an opponent tries to choke you with both hands by grabbing your lapels, this technique is an effective escape measure. Push both hands up between the opponent's wrists so that your wrists intersect in front of your face. Then, forcefully lower your forearms down and to the sides, forcing your arms to spread to your opponent's sides. This defense can be done with open hands or fists.

Important Points

1. After you have pushed your arms between your opponent's arms, throw the weight of your torso down and back, stepping back and dropping your hips. At the same time force your forearms downward and rotate them outward to both sides.

2. When you lower your forearms down, point your elbows to your lower back, tighten your muscles. At the same time, use your hands to apply strong outward pressure in order to force the opponent's forearms apart.

§ 2. Techniques of protection from kicks

Downward Hook Guard

1. To perform this defense, swing your arm down in a large circle, hook your ankle and pick up your opponent's kicking leg. This protection can be done in two ways.

The body is in a free position. When defending from the inside to the outside, step back with the opposite foot of the blocking hand. When blocking from the inside out, step back with the same foot as the blocking hand. For extra strength in defense, coordinate the movement of the arm with the movement of the hips.

2. Rotate the right forearm clockwise when the reception is from outside to inside and counterclockwise when the defense is from inside to outside.

3. As the opponent's leg approaches, reach far forward and touch his leg near the calf. Then the hand should slide down to the ankle and scoop up the leg up.

4. Bend the fingers and palm of the blocking hand slightly to facilitate the catching motion.

Combined protection with the bases of the palms

Connect the bases of the palms and push them forward hard to protect against the opponent's kick.

Important Points

1. Since kicks are usually thrown with more force, when defending, push your hips forward harder and meet the kick with your feet firmly on the floor.

2. Fully bend your wrists upwards and press the bases of your palms firmly together.

3. The block will not be effective if you do not stop the opponent's kick before the leg is fully extended.

So the timing has great importance.

Arched protection of the sole of the foot

Use this block to protect against a blow to the solar plexus and abdomen. Swing your foot outward and kick the opponent's forearm to the side with the sole of the foot. Since protection is made unexpectedly, it can be effective. This technique is especially valuable in situations where the hands cannot defend.

Important Points

1. At the beginning of the defense, raise the knee of the blocking leg higher and swing the foot in a circle inward.

2. As you begin the circular motion, bend the blocking foot at the ankle upward and point the sole of the foot inward. Your task is to powerfully hit the opponent's forearm with the bottom of the foot.

3. While blocking, rotate your hips and pivot on your supporting leg, the end of this movement is the side of the thigh, should be facing the opponent.

4. This defensive move ends with your knee fully bent and the blocking foot raised close to your body to maintain your balance and enable a counterattack.

Use this block to defend against a kick before the kick is complete. As the leg begins to approach you, stop its advance by blocking and pressing on the opponent's shin with the sole of the foot.

Important Points

1. Raise the blocking foot to the level of the knee of your skating leg and send it diagonally down towards the opponent's approaching leg.

2. Bend your blocking foot fully into ankle joint and rotate the foot until the toes point outward to the side.

3. Push your hips forward while defending to provide sufficient conditions to block a strong kick.

Foot push protection

This defense is similar to the previous technique. The main difference is that here the protection is made by the edge of the foot, and not by the sole.

Important Points

1. As the opponent begins to kick, rotate your hips and rotate on your supporting leg 90°. Simultaneously lift your knee and push the edge of your foot diagonally down towards your opponent's shin.

2. Bend the blocking foot fully up at the ankle and point the toes inward so that the edge of the foot is facing the opponent.

Toe protection with foot

Use this technique to protect against a kick kick towards the stomach. Raise your leg to the side and swing your leg in a circle with the aim of knocking off the opponent's leg.

Important Points

1. Raise your knee high and bend it as you circle your leg to parry an opponent's kick. Block the back of your opponent's ankle with your shin. After blocking, pull your leg close to your torso by bending your knee to do this.

2. Bend the foot of the blocking leg inward so that the edge of the foot is pointing towards the floor, tighten the foot and ankle.

3. Increase the strength of the guard by rotating the hips and pivoting in the direction the blocking leg went.

Ankle toe protection

This technique is designed to protect against an opponent's kick by jerking it up and forward. To hook the opponent's leg below the calf, use the front of your shin.

Important Points

1. When the opponent kicks, swing the leg from the side towards the opponent. With the front of your shin, touch the opponent's kicking leg to the area below the calf. Raise your foot high and pull it towards your torso, pulling your opponent's leg up and forward.

2. To make it easier to hook the opponent's leg, point the blocking foot inward and bend it upward towards the shin.

3. Rotate your hips as you perform the move and pivot on your supporting leg. Complete the defense by pulling the shin of your blocking leg close to your torso.

§ 3. The use of basic techniques in the real conditions of the duel

Ways to combine defense techniques with decisive counterattacks

1. Begin by choosing and preparing specific techniques that you will use to defend against the opponent's blow and counterattack. This formal method of training is a necessary preliminary step to the implementation of more complex techniques.

2. Preselect and practice your riposte to your opponent's attack, but focus on improving your timing and speed as you transition from defense to counterattack. Pay special attention to speed and coordination.

3. After gaining a knack for performing the method suggested in paragraph 2, you no longer need to choose your counter move in advance. Instead, at the time of the defense, choose the counter based on your stance and position relative to your opponent. For example, if you are late with a defensive move, choose a counter that is delivered at an above-average speed. Learn to make instant decisions of this kind.

Important Considerations

1. Eye position - direct your gaze to the center of the triangle formed by the opponent's shoulders and eyes. If you focus on his arms or legs, you may become confused or distracted.

2. Leg movements - move your legs easily and quickly. Slide your feet across the floor. As you step forward, push your hips forward as well.

3. State of mind - do not show fear when the enemy attacks. Confidently conduct your appointment.

4. Application of force - be ready to concentrate all your strength when the need arises. After she has completed her task, instantly - relax.

Practice each move repeatedly, first forward and sometimes stepping back. Gradually, your torso will get used to performing the necessary movements.

Defense is not only some kind of defense techniques and techniques that keep you from being attacked in a fight or fight, but more broadly, any methods and actions that keep you from being hit by an enemy in battle. The more simple and natural these actions are, the more likely it is that your face and body will remain intact. Let’s say that you don’t know any defense techniques at all, you haven’t trained in any section of martial arts, and you haven’t watched films about martial arts on TV. However, the latter, perhaps, from the realm of fantasy. Let's say that "blocks" for you are only construction, "slopes" are only right and left in the game, "dives" are only from the springboard in the pool, and "stands" are only for the frying pan in the kitchen. What to do if there is an enemy in front of you and you have to fight right now? Can you make a fist? And if you hit your opponent’s nose with this same fist, then whose nose will he think about in the next couple of seconds? As they say in such cases, your nose is closer to your body. If you, without being confused and holding the initiative, hit him in this nose again, then his thoughts will go even deeper into his own nose, giving you a few more seconds of safety (and this is a lot in battle). Thus, we, not by washing it like that, solved the task of protecting our nose, and our non-classical and incorrect (according to many experts) method of protection at the very least, or rather thickly rich, worked. Be the first to act, and the chance of your opponent's attack will immediately decrease. Continue a successful attack and it is quite possible that his attack or counterattack will end before it even starts.

The first defense option, the simplest and most logical, is an attack. You may not be able to do a single defense move, but work out a couple of blows well, and you will be hit much less often. Is there something between hand-to-hand combat and sex? An elementary way to protect yourself from unwanted pregnancy in sex is to engage in it in the safest position: a man from below on his stomach, a woman from above arbitrarily. The easiest way to not "catch" a punch in a fight is to prevent the opponent's attack from starting by hitting first. In both cases, actions that could cause unpleasant consequences are stopped before they even begin.

The second defense option is to build up the tactics of the fight in such a way that it would not be possible for the enemy to work in his usual manner. In this case, it is not necessary to attack first, but your actions and defensive techniques must be such as to prevent the enemy from hitting you. If you are working against a striker, know a simple rule: for any strike you need distance. If the target is closer or further away, then the blow will either not gain destructive power, or will hang in the air. So you have a choice: break the distance or shorten it. The distance gap is used by most beginners, as well as representatives of some styles of martial arts, who run from the enemy faster than hares. Three-four, and sometimes five-ten meters from the enemy give the illusion of security, but do not forget that you cannot attack from such a distance either, and your opponent sooner or later, depending on his skill and experience, will shorten the distance and get you. Therefore, although this manner of working exists, I would not advise using it too often.

A more effective option is to work to reduce the distance. Get in close range, fix it with a grab, cling to the enemy, and it will not be possible to hit you. Of course, different punches come from different distances, and besides kicks and fists, there are kicks, elbows, and head kicks. But still there must be a certain distance. This method of protection is universal for all martial arts. It doesn't matter what style the person attacking you did. He beats swing, giyaku-zuki or some intricate "crack" from the technique of Russian styles. If there is no distance, there will be no impact. In boxing, such a situation is called a clinch, and the judge separates the boxers to a distance, so in the clinch, the boxers are not able to do anything to each other. A black belt can cut tree trunks with the edge of his hand and punch through a wall, but press his fist close to the target and he won't even break plywood.

If you are working against a wrestler, then the rule of defense is similar to the previous one: in order to throw, you need contact of the bodies of opponents. Capture is the same mandatory element of the fight as the distance for shock equipment. These can be clothing grabs used by sambo wrestlers and judokas, hand grips in aikido and jiu-jitsuu, or legs and body grips in freestyle wrestling, but don’t let the opponent get in close range and take the grip, there will be no throw (article "Throws or take more - throw more). Although, there is an exception to this pattern. Some striking styles practice leg hooks, which can knock a person to the floor without first grabbing. But, as a rule, they pass only when the fighter stands high on his toes, and even better bounces in a not very competent shuttle. Do not jump in the fight and bend your legs when closing the distance and such techniques will not be very effective against you.

Both the first and second defense options are preventive measures, that is, the fighter must actively act on his own, without waiting for the enemy to attack. However, it is impossible to be ahead of everyone and always. Therefore, the third level of defense is certain actions or defense techniques that neutralize an attack that has already begun. All currently existing methods of protection can be divided into:

• Stand protection techniques
• Care protection techniques
• Knockdown defense techniques

Stand protection techniques.

The essence of defense techniques with stands is that we substitute on the path of the trajectory of the beating limb those parts of the body that can withstand the blow. True, the enemy will not suffer much from this either. We cover the face from the chin to the level of the eyes with the hands. When applying direct blows, we defend ourselves with the palm (Fig. 5), side - with brushes and upper parts forearms (Fig. 6). A competent fighter must constantly keep his hand near his head in battle, especially at the time of his own attack. This is one of the most essential defense skills (Figure 7). As a boxing coach told me when I was young: “If you forget to keep the glove to your chin, hold it to your face and don’t put it down. It's better to get the recoil from your own glove than a straight punch to the jaw."

Body protection techniques consist of shoulder and forearm supports that are held near the body, and if necessary, they move forward, covering the stomach and the “sun” (Fig. 8). The thigh from a low-kick can be protected by turning the leg inward, substituting the muscle of the back of the thigh under the blow (Fig. 9). The main thing is not to overdo it and not turn your back to the enemy with easily predictable consequences.

If we reduce all this to one denominator, then we get a collected, compact position, where those parts of the body that can withstand a blow look at the enemy. The position of the body at 45 ° to the enemy reduces the area of ​​\u200b\u200bdestruction, and also makes it possible to roll direct blows. The throat is covered by the chin, the forehead is exposed forward. The body is protected by the shoulders and forearms, do not spread your elbows to the sides in the manner of wings, do not take off, but you will get a blow "under the wing" (Fig. 4).

Before mastering any special defense techniques, it is necessary, as an alma mater, to master the correct position and learn how to work in it at any distance in a fight. This is an elementary method of protection, but it is more reliable than ingenious methods of protection. By learning how to move in a fight with concentration, you will find that three out of four blows of the enemy will become useless. It is very important that this method of defense almost does not require a response to the attacking blows of the enemy. It is easier to immediately cover the weak areas of the head and body than to convulsively think in a fight when the enemy’s attack has begun, which defense technique to use. The correct position is the central link that unites all other actions of a fighter. As in a toy pyramid, a kid strings rings on the central pin, so a fighter must learn to attack from this position and return to it in time.

However, protection techniques with coasters are not so harmless. Under a strong blow, you can substitute such a part of the body, upon contact with which the attacking limb can be seriously injured. Hard base guards not only protect you, but also injure your opponent's arms and legs. Simplified, there are only three parts of the body that can be exposed without much harm: the forehead along the hairline, knees and elbows.

When attacking with a punch to the face, lower the chin to the chest so that the punch hits the forehead along the hairline. After such a meeting of the fist with the forehead, problems with the knuckles of your opponent are guaranteed. It is good if the tilt of the head is combined with a slight seating on the legs so that the neck and spine form one line, which will dampen the recoil from the blow along the back to the pelvis. Otherwise, the blows will throw the head back, which will have a bad effect on the safety of the cervical vertebrae. Protect the body above the waist with your elbows, exposing them towards the blow (Fig. 10). When attacking below the belt, similarly expose your knees towards the kicking leg. Do not lower to protect the body of the hand from the head. The enemy can attack with an open head, and the hand strong blow leg may be injured. In general, bent knees and elbows are one of the strongest joints of the human body, and their collision with the attacking forearms and shins will end in failure for the latter.

For most karate and wushu fighters, a favorite tactic is attacking from a distance with kicks, not necessarily wearing shields. Unfortunately, there are not always pads on the legs, and the habit of thoughtlessly throwing the leg forward, relying on its security, remains. After a couple of contacts of the open lower leg with the knee, such warriors resemble a fencer who, having broken his sword at the very guard, is offered to continue fencing further. It remains for the unfortunate to throw a sword handle at the enemy or, which is more common in martial arts halls, to accuse you of "unsportsmanlike behavior." In general, "throwing" your legs into strikes, no matter where, is a very irresponsible occupation: with an injured arm, you can at least escape from the battlefield, with an injured leg, this will be inaccessible to you.

The knife defense technique is one of the most difficult techniques in martial arts. This is due to the fact that the use of a knife in hand-to-hand combat rarely leaves the victim of an attack alive. It is difficult enough to stab with a knife so as not to kill a person. Therefore, the technique of knife defense requires colossal skill and skill level, since any blow missed in battle is tantamount to losing life, no more, no less.

There are many different techniques for self-defense against a knife, a lot of methods of its selection and twisting of the attacking hand. However, our experience shows that all of them are useless if a person does not have sufficient sensitivity and dexterity to minimize the distance as painlessly as possible, tie the enemy’s armed limb and control him throughout the entire period of interaction. In order to protect ourselves from the knife and from any other means at hand, we resort to the parry defense technique. This is due to the fact that when the striking part of the weapon collides with the blocking limb, the defender will most likely either get injured, or the attack will simply stop on his block, which will not prevent the aggressor from inflicting a second blow, third, fourth and so on. One of them will definitely hit the target. That is why we consider hard blocking to be a very dubious means of protection against a knife in hand-to-hand combat. In our opinion, the only relatively reliable way to defend and disarm an opponent in a street fight is to catch contact with an armed hand, block it and deprive the aggressor of the opportunity to continue his attacks, necessarily controlling him through a grab.

To successfully execute a parry defense, you need to optimize the geometry of your defensive moves. That is why the first thing, in our opinion, to learn is to feel the enemy. When receiving the shock part of your opponent, it is extremely important to integrate into his movement at the most acute angle and start his blow on a tangent relative to the projection of your body. As mentioned earlier, in order to successfully perform a parry defense in hand-to-hand combat, you need to learn how to create protective geometric shapes with your body, along which the enemy will slide down like an inclined descent, and the force of his blow will dissipate without causing any harm to the defender.

In order to ensure the slippage of its shock part, it is necessary to rotate the receiving arm, but not due to the limb itself, but due to the twisting of the pelvis and the reactive forces of the legs, as when striking. In other words, the rotation of the receiving hand at the point of contact occurs through the rotation of the entire body, which provides movement with strength and power, and also gives a shift from the line of attack, which, together with the parry, not only diverts the opponent’s strike from the original trajectory, but also fails himself, giving the defender a huge gain in time.

The ability to competently defend yourself with a parry will provide you with protection across the entire range of possible strike trajectories and will allow you to receive operational information through tactile contact, which will ensure much faster decision making in battle than through a visual channel.

In order to effectively defend against a knife in hand-to-hand combat, it is critical to feel the trajectory of the opponent's strike. The first steps in this direction will help you to do uncomplicated lead-up exercises. Ask your comrade to rest against your stomach and try as gently as possible to fail his hand and the pressure exerted on you. Of course, when stabbing with a knife, you cannot afford such a luxury, but this is not the point of the exercise: the main task is to develop a movement reflex by force. By learning to fail the enemy's strength in all possible directions, you will learn to predict his actions in advance and prevent them by building defensive pieces before the strike is accentuated. If you do not have time to do this, in any case, take the blow at an angle better than normal.

If you are at some distance from the enemy and freely read his movements, then you can also perform a classic defense, such as a dive or a slope, but firstly, you will not be able to get tactile contact and, therefore, control the enemy, as well as extremely difficult will be the implementation of this protective technique in a confined space, where every centimeter counts. Among other things, if the opponent is armed, the risk increases, and, in case of a mistake, you will not only miss a blow, but most likely will receive a serious injury.

After mastering the parry and optimizing the geometry of defensive actions, it is necessary to learn how to take the opponent's blows as softly as possible, consistently, from any position along any trajectory. To do this, we use the “sticky hands” exercise, but we do it not rigidly and not in a stereotyped way, as in many classical martial arts, but taking into account the peculiarities of the technique we cultivate. Initially, it is performed at a slow and medium speed, since the necessary motor stereotypes have not yet been developed, then the speed of working out can be increased. Having learned to fit into the movement of the enemy, we add weapons to his hands and practice the same thing, but, for starters, with one armed hand. It is extremely important, at the same time, to use a weapon layout as close as possible to the present in order to help a person feel the coldness of steel, its rigidity and danger. This is necessary to form in the trainee's head an understanding of the reality of hand-to-hand combat and to develop an appropriate attitude towards training.

This exercise is just a lead up to working against the knife. It will allow you to optimize your defensive trajectories, feel the enemy and learn how to control the process of hand-to-hand combat.

To practice this exercise and develop sensitivity, it is not necessary to purchase any additional equipment. You can quite successfully train and get the required skills in nature, in the forest. For self-training, the trunk of any tree is suitable: put your hand on the trunk, feel the pressure and try to fail it. It is necessary to achieve appropriate fluidity and learn how to roll a tree in any plane, accompanying the performance of this exercise and each action with the work of the whole body.

This exercise develops the sensitivity not only of the receiving part, but of the entire body of the fighter, allowing the melee to develop sufficient fluidity and responsiveness to protect against blows delivered along almost any trajectory.

Knife defense techniques are conditionally divided into 3 types: capturing a striking hand with its subsequent injury and selection of a weapon, breaking the distance and knocking the weapon out of the opponent’s hands.

Defending yourself from a knife by grabbing a striking hand, it is necessary to fit into the opponent’s blow, followed by a rigid fixation of his limb, delivering demotivating blows to vulnerable calls and entering a painful hold or attack of the joints. It is possible to fit into the enemy's strike both on the inside and on the outside, depending on the tactical position.

When intercepting a beating hand, you can also take away the knife with a lever, using its blade as a shoulder. However, it must be remembered that the execution of this technique requires extreme caution and skill. The blade, at the same time, is rigidly fixed, so that in no case will it turn out to be a cutting edge to the fighter performing the technique.

When intercepting the opponent's hand, remember: do not immediately try to catch or grab it: first you need to stick to the striking part of the opponent, and only then try to get a hold by continuously controlling and attacking the attacker. It is possible to defend against a knife only if the defender masters the techniques of control and parry and can change depending on the situation so quickly that in no case create a backlash in his technical actions that will allow the aggressor to break contact with him and counterattack again. I would like to make a reservation right away: there are no one hundred percent knife defense techniques that guarantee you the preservation of life and health in an extreme situation, there are only techniques that allow you to increase the likelihood of a positive outcome of the fight.

When freeing from grips with a knife, the sensitivity of your body and the ability to read the direction of the attack are extremely important, quickly responding to a change in its trajectory. Just as you taught your HANDS to feel the attack of the enemy, it is necessary to develop the sensitivity of your BODY. To do this, lean the blade of the training knife against the body of your friend and lightly press on it. The task of the partner, at this moment, is to try to understand the trajectory of the attack and fit into it at an optimal angle in order to minimize its negative impact. Let's make a reservation right away: when accepting a knife attack on the body, it is impossible to completely avoid damage. In this case, we are only talking about how to reduce the piece that will be cut off from you. In a situation of armed confrontation, every little thing, every millimeter of movement matters, since the price of a mistake is life. That is why in applied martial arts so much attention is paid to non-standard and, at first glance, unnecessary techniques. The logic is simple: you need to prepare as carefully as possible for the widest possible range of situations in order to increase your chances of winning and, accordingly, survival.

When releasing from holds in self-defense situations on the street, the main problem is to intercept the opponent's attacking hand. If you try to raise your arms or perform a quick movement, an experienced fighter will immediately cut you. That is why it is necessary to develop the sensitivity of the whole body and try to slightly increase the amplitude of the target movement of the enemy until the moment of defeat. In other words, you need to try to make sure that the time gap that the increase in amplitude will bring is sufficient for your counter-actions, such as raising your arms and intercepting the attacking limb. To do this, we try to catch contact with the opponent’s hand and, due to touch, deflect the trajectory of the attack with a knife to the distance necessary to perform the reception.

I won’t talk much about protecting against a knife blow by breaking the distance, since this is just a maneuver in order to buy time and position to parry and gain control over the enemy.

But knocking out a knife is an extremely complex hand-to-hand combat technique, for the execution of which it is necessary high level technical skills, possession of both classical and applied percussion techniques.

In order to knock out the knife from the enemy, it is necessary to disperse his attention and shift the focus from the knife in order to loosen the grip and carry out an effective attack of the hand holding the knife. To do this, you need to learn how to easily and freely strike at any level, from any position, with any part of the body on zones and points of active defeat, regardless of what position you are in. To learn to feel the enemy from all sides, completely, add knives to the original "sticky hands" exercise and try to learn how to use both hemispheres in the process of hand-to-hand combat, controlling both opponent's hands and parrying attacks inflicted by him. The speed of the initial development, in this case, will be low, since it will simply not be possible to think at the required pace at the first time. Then gradually it is necessary to increase the speed of the exercise to a comfortable one for both partners.

Of course, this exercise is a lead-in, and not a direct guide to action in the event of a knife attack. In combat, when performing a knife defense technique, the movements will be extremely short and imperceptible to the eye, but they will be provided precisely by the skills and coordination developed in the lead-up exercises, where the main task is to hypertrophy a certain section of the hand-to-hand combat technique to a level perceived by the hand-to-hand combatant and increase the utility factor every movement performed by the fighter.

Knife protection and hand-to-hand combat in the modern world are not just optional, but a necessity. However, a sports duel is significantly different from what you are likely to face in reality. The reason is simple: every sport has its own litmus test: competition. The conditions under which fighters are trained determine the technical arsenal of the style. The most effective techniques are selected for use in a fight regulated by the rules, as honest as possible, in conditions comfortable for getting an answer to the main sports question: who is stronger.

In applied martial arts, the attitude to the duel is slightly different. The key word in preparing a hand-to-hand fighter for street conditions is spontaneity and uncertainty. In street fights, as a rule, opponents hate each other very clearly and try to cause each other as much harm as possible, happily using the whole range of forbidden tricks. The conditions for conducting a fight, most likely, will not be the best: there may not be an opportunity to feint and break the distance with the enemy, and the aggressor, at the same time, may not be alone or armed ... or both. All these moments leave an imprint on the method of preparing street hand-to-hand combat and distribute the accents so as to take into account as many variables as possible.

That is why training in nature is extremely important for fighters of applied martial arts. Just as we work with a single tree in a forest, we expand our skills by maneuvering among several trees, learning to find vantage points in order to fit into the enemy's attack and gain a tactical advantage over him.

When applying the parry technique in real hand-to-hand combat, it is extremely important to learn how to combine it organically with striking techniques. After you have accepted and rejected the attack of the aggressor, it is important to instantly counterattack him, without giving him the opportunity to come to his senses and change tactics. For these purposes, the applied technique we practice is very well suited. The ability to attack variably and unexpectedly, while maintaining the density of the duel, is a defining moment both when defending against a knife, and when conducting a street fight in principle. In no case should you let the enemy come to his senses and catch the balance.

By combining the technique of movement, parry and strike together, you can ensure the sequence of attacks and dominance over your opponent in hand-to-hand combat. In order to work out the whole complex together, you add percussion technique to your exercise in the woods and try to apply applied series and combinations accurately and quickly, quickly making decisions and reacting to the smallest stimuli. The real conditions for practicing this technique are a definite plus, as you begin to consciously approach the choice of a technical arsenal and learn to maintain stability even in difficult conditions.

This exercise, in addition to protecting against a knife, also has something in common with the technique of protecting against several attackers. When conducting group hand-to-hand combat, it is important to quickly assess the situation and not stop for a second. The speed of decision-making must be lightning fast, since any delay is fraught with defeat. It is this exercise that allows us to develop an effective movement scheme and hone the technical arsenal that is optimal for solving such problems, which, in our opinion, should be as simple and reliable as possible.

In this video, we do not claim to be the ultimate truth and do not make loud statements, but only share our best practices in the field of self-defense from a knife. We talk about the methodology for preparing for such clashes, about how to develop the skills necessary to implement disarmament techniques, as well as about the key methods of protection that, based on our experience and knowledge, seem effective to us.

It is important to remember one thing: if they want to kill you, they will simply imperceptibly stab you, and in such a way that you will not have time to understand or do anything. If they grabbed you, put you under the knife or simply threaten you, then the person needs something from you. Do not provoke the aggressor to go to the end. Try to figure out exactly what he wants from you. If there is an opportunity to get by with little blood, be sure to use it and try to avoid a fight at all costs. If this is not possible, then go to battle.

KNIVES

The knife is a formidable melee weapon. Probably no one counted how many people died from being stabbed. I think millions. (of course I take the whole history of Mankind) And in the fight against a man who owns a knife, your chances are very small.

It is often very common to hear that someone died in an attack or a robbery on the street from a knife. This is very sad.

I think the knife is the most commonly used weapon in hand-to-hand combat. Generally in the clash of people.

Knives as melee weapons have been used since their invention, just a bunch of weapons and weapons have died out, and knives have remained formidable and insidious in their ingenious simplicity. You can't add or subtract anything from them. To hit the enemy. Knives can stab and cut the enemy, and the main thing is to use it imperceptibly and suddenly. (Therefore, in any case, do not let the enemy in close and medium range where he can attack you with a knife.) Attack immediately. Every mistake can cost you your life.

With all the progress in melee weapons, when there is different kinds both pistols and submachine guns, shockers, batons, weapons with a silencer, special forces could not and did not want to give up a simple knife. So let's consider the issue of protection against a knife, as from the most popular weapon of attackers on the street, as carefully as possible. What a vital issue.

The knife was called the knife because it was originally worn on the leg. In the boot top. So it's easy to pull it out and deal a crushing blow

(As a rule, hand-to-hand combat manuals have a lot of knife defense illusions, if not as much as in hand-to-hand combat, let's look at the main ones.

1. the enemy attacks with a knife, and for a fraction of a second he is waiting for your acceptance to defeat.
2. The enemy strikes one blow and then again waits for your response.
3. X - shaped block
4. The enemy will certainly attack you in the body
5. The enemy will simply come up, pull out a knife and hit you, for example, from above in the head.
6. The enemy makes a big swing just enough for you to see the knife.
7. or accelerate, swing, take a step forward and stab with a large swing
8. and most importantly, such techniques are common in all hand-to-hand combat books, but the saddest thing is that someone tried to use them. And of course I got caught.

My advice to you is not to use dubious knife defense techniques, use techniques that you personally understand, that you think will work in a real situation.

I'll show you my knife defense system. But it's up to you to decide whether to use it or not.

Knife attacks:

1. direct knife blow
2. stabbing from the side
3. stabbing from above
4. stabbing from below
5. diagonal punches
6. cutting blow from the side
7. backhand cutting blow
8. collar stabbing
9. stabbing from behind
10. putting a knife to the throat.

that is, with a knife it is possible to carry out any blows along any trajectories, this is a weapon with a high speed of striking. (as a rule, in all manuals, a completely non-working knife protection system is given. Therefore, I want to show you my knife protection system). Easy to apply. A knife is usually used for poking and blows around obstacles. They attack with a series of blows. Finger and forearm attacks are possible.

Knife strikes are carried out sharply, bitingly and imperceptibly. Therefore, utmost care. Because a mistake can cost you your life.

With a knife, you can inflict both accurate and masterful blows, and dirty ones (personally, they always scared me very much, maybe this is their strength)

Your goal when fighting with an enemy armed with a knife. This is to hold a defense. That is, it’s easy to either beat back, or dodge, and deliver a striking blow to the “opponent’s pain point”

Your advantages in combat with a knife:

1. fear - yes, yes, in a knife fight, this is an advantage, not a disadvantage. At least
2. sudden surprise attack
3. advancing the enemy
4. long distance
5. kicking attacks
6. damage to vital points
7. attack after impact (at the end)
8. biting and light blocks simply retracting the knife, because the main thing is to simply retract it from the line of attack.
9. Dodges and departures from the line of attack.

In principle, protection against a knife should be flexible, that is, you need a response and not memorized techniques.

Remember one knife - dangerous. In general, an armed enemy already has an advantage over you. And often one blow with a knife can decide the outcome of the fight.

Main knife protection system:

1. stay at a distance (if possible)
2. carry out biting and light blocks retracting the knife
3. get out of the enemy's line of attack
4. try to get behind the enemy and attack him from behind.
5. counterattack
6. especially foot attacks. The leg is longer than the arm, you can keep the opponent at a distance.
7. working on the lower level. Feet. We protect the upper level with our hands. Repelling blows with a knife, or substituting your hands for a blow. Still, it's better to cut your hands than a knife stick in your stomach or throat. That is, here we are looking for an advantage. And your advantage is kicks.
8. jump kick attack. To the bottom. If successful, you can knock out the enemy.
9. undercuts. If you can knock down the enemy, consider that you were able to survive, but do not waste time - counterattack.

use the hall of the hand with a knife only after a crushing or guaranteed distraction blow. Although I think you should not stand on ceremony with those who attacked you with a knife.

The technique changes somewhat, although in general I think the technique of fighting against a knife should be the main one, so:

1. Movements, we carefully monitor the distance, movements are exclusively jumping.
2. Keep as far away as possible, of course.
3. blocks are biting, with hands covering vulnerable spots.
4. attack on pain points, only on pain points: eyes, groin.
5. we do not go to the middle distance. Or a long distance for protection, or close range when the enemy takes away the knife, the capture of an armed hand at close range.
6. kicking attacks only to the lower level.
7. legs are the main offensive weapon because they allow you to use a long distance and stay at a distance.
8. use withdrawals from the attack line.
9. pendulum movements. You should just jump around the enemy.

The most important thing when defending against a knife is the most severe attack of the enemy’s pain points, first of all, these are: eyes, groin

Secondarily: eyes, groin, throat, knees, shins.

basic defenses against a knife:

1. top knife protection
2. straight knife protection
3. Side stab protection
4. Side stab protection
5. under knife protection
6. protection against a series of blows with a knife

stabbing is a series.

Combat with a man armed with a knife at close range is extremely dangerous, but there are situations when this is exactly what happens. Therefore, you just need to master the techniques of protection against a knife at close range.

Basic technical steps.

1. slopes, and tilts back and to the side.
2. rebounds
3. leaving the line of attack
4. forward kicks
5. counter kicks.
6. jump kicks
7. knockdown defense
8. hand rest on impact.
9. kicks.
10. and it is in the defense against the knife that we use high kicks, because the enemy’s attention is focused on the knife first of all and the blow can pass.

Basic defense against a knife at close range.

1. top knife protection
2. straight knife protection
3. Side stab protection
4. Side stab protection
5. under knife protection

in addition, we will look at real knife attacks and real stabbings. Again, those that are offered for consideration are probably intended for intellectuals, or very cultured people. Criminals, to my great regret, do not attack like that. And they work with a knife a little differently than they are considered in books or taught by self-defense instructors. This is, of course, somewhat disheartening. At least me. It is so easy and convenient to work out simple blows with a knife. And think that in case you can defend yourself. But again, unfortunately, this is not the case. Real knife attacks are very dangerous and very difficult to defend against. But we will work out the defense against them and, accordingly, prepare for the meeting with precisely such blows. In addition, no one will inflict only one blow with a knife. I'm sure there will be a continuation of the attack. This throws again:

1. direct stabbing.
2. Side stab.

That is, when protecting against a knife, it matters, first of all:

1. suddenness
2. active attacks

in a knife fight, your weapon is your legs. In principle, it is enough to deliver a good kick to defeat the enemy.

That is, when defending against an enemy armed with weapons, I think what is needed:

1. use more powerful weapons
2. use a weapon with longer range

protection against knife strikes at close and medium distances

At close range and medium distances, I think that the chances of defending are very small, but still something can be done. I think that at close range, the blow will be directed primarily to the stomach. Or the bottom of the case. Or in the chest. But the movement will most likely be tychkovy, with some scope. Or a knife will be put to the throat.

The basic principles of protection at close and medium distances:

1. try not to get into a situation where you are attacked with a knife at such close range. (but sometimes it just can't be avoided.
2. lead, and surprise attacks. As soon as you see some movement that tells you
3. if you are still not in enclosed space, try to jump back a long distance, at which it will be easier for you to defend.
4. that the enemy uses a knife when attacking. Attack on pain points and finish immediately.
5. hotspot attack. First of all, it's the groin, knee and shin, you just have to knock out the enemy
6. we use combat throws with an exit behind the opponent's back.
7. when hitting with a knife from close range, we substitute our hands with the movement of pulling the knife to the side and immediately counterattack. Still, it is better to get cuts on the arms or legs than a blow to the stomach.
8. we use pushes.

Looking ahead, I will tell you the general system of protection against a knife, since this issue is extremely important for self-defense, and it is better to repeat it once again than to bypass this issue (“Repetition is the mother of learning). As a rule, after all, the attack will be committed using a knife.

1. try not to get into a situation where you are attacked with a knife. Foresee everything possible to avoid such an attack. That is, the best defense against a knife is to avoid an attack.
2. if you do get attacked, the best defense in this case is to simply run away. Turn around and run as fast as you can. No need to prove anything to anyone, especially when the question is about your life and health. And the arguments, and hence the chances are not on your side. But there are situations when it is simply impossible to run away, for example, your wife, children, elderly mother are with you, how can you run away? You just need to defend yourself. And in this situation, the best defense is ...
3. surprise attack. Less thinking, much less talking.
4. if you have a little time, use improvised weapons. Use the environment, attack with what you have in your hands, but the main thing is to attack suddenly and sharply, unexpectedly for the enemy.
5. check out the chapter "Weapons at hand"
6. keep your distance. You will have time to respond
7. We attack only on pain points. And on the first pain points. In the eyes and groin of the enemy.
8. without weapons, we attack with our feet.
9. don't try to grab a knife. Just hard counterattacks, nothing more.
10. we finish off such an attacker without fail. If a person grabbed a knife, what else can be expected from him is unknown. Yes, and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation will be on your side. (But don’t think about it at all - protect your life, with all your might)
11. don't wait for the actual stab; defend yourself early. This applies to the entire structure of the knife guard. Starting from avoiding the attack itself and ending with a sudden, preemptive attack.
12. directly upon impact. Beat the knife with your hands, attack with your feet. Let the hands be damaged rather than the internal organs.
13. The knife is a very fast melee weapon.
14. use the simplest and most reliable methods of protection. Don't be smart. Fighting an opponent armed with a knife is no place for experimentation.
15. defense and counterattack must be sudden and unexpected for the enemy. It's obvious to read. But the enemy just at the last moment can change the trajectory of movement, using your "prudence" and knowledge of standard techniques. It will be very easy and convenient for him.
16. for a fight against a knife, simple and reliable tricks are more suitable, which are guaranteed to incapacitate the attacker.
17. study the defenses that will work in any case. This is reliability.
18. look for simple solutions to complex problems. It is obvious. That is, do not use complexly coordinated techniques when defending against a knife, it is enough to hit painful points that will simply get ahead of the enemy and disable him. It has to be easier. The beauty of combat is precisely in choosing the optimal solution for protection.

That is, I prefer simple knife defense techniques that will work in any conditions and with any opponents. Because here the abundance of some sophisticated tricks cannot lead to real protection. After all, in fact, there are few elements of protection, and you can invent a lot of ways to continue and counterattack.