Women's freestyle wrestling as a full participant in the international Olympic movement. Women's freestyle wrestling as a full participant in the international Olympic movement Olympics women's wrestling

Wrestling is a combat between two unarmed athletes using a set of certain techniques. The goal of the fight is to pin down the opponent or win on points. The fight can take place both in a standing position and in other positions; strikes are prohibited.

There is no draw in Greco-Roman wrestling. There must always be a winner. The record for the number of world championships won in freestyle wrestling belongs to the Soviet athlete Alexander Medved, who achieved this title ten times. The same record, but in Greco-Roman wrestling, belongs to Alexander Karelin - he won nine world championships in a row, and no one has achieved this either before or after him.

OLYMPIC GAMES

Greco-Roman wrestling entered the program of the Olympic Games in 1896, while freestyle wrestling - in 1904, and in 1906 at the Extraordinary Olympic Games and in 1912 it was not included in the competition program, since then this type has always been presented in the Olympic Games. In 2004, the first awards of the women's wrestling discipline were played in Athens. Today, the program of the Summer Olympic Games includes these types of competitions.

RUSSIA

For the first time, domestic wrestlers took part in the Games of the IV Olympiad in 1908 and won 2 silver awards. Nikolai Orlov (weight up to 66 kg) and Alexander Petrov (heavy weight) were awarded medals. At the Games of the 5th Olympiad in 1912 in Stockholm (Sweden), Russian wrestler Martin Klein defeated the 1911 world champion Alfred Asikainen in the final on points and won a silver medal. The meeting lasted 10 hours and 15 minutes and went down in the history of wrestling as an example of extraordinary endurance, willpower and perseverance.

In 1952, the USSR team took part in the Olympic Games for the first time and immediately took first place, winning 3 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze medals. In 2004, Guzel Manyurova won the first silver award in the women's wrestling discipline. The Russian school of wrestling was glorified by such outstanding masters as three-time Olympic champions Alexander Karelin and Buvaysar Saitiev, two-time Olympic champions: Ivan Yarygin, Sergei and Anatoly Beloglazov, Arsen Fadzaev, Maharbek Khadartsev, Valery Rezantsev, Mavlet Batirov; The list of fame is also supplemented by female names: Natalya Golts, Alena Kartashova, Guzel Manyurova and others.

Photo - Sergey Kivrin and Andrey Golovanov

Wrestling is a combat between two unarmed athletes using a set of certain techniques.

The goal of the fight is to pin down the opponent or win on points. The fight can take place both in a standing position and in other positions; strikes are prohibited.

There are several types of struggle:

• Greco-Roman wrestling, where it is strictly forbidden to grab the opponent below the waist, trip him, or actively use his legs when performing any action;
• freestyle wrestling, where, on the contrary, it is allowed to grab the opponent’s legs, trip them, and actively use the legs when performing any technique;
• women's wrestling, where Double Nelsons are strictly prohibited;

The fight takes place on a mat with a diameter of 9 meters with a protective space of 1.5 meters. In addition, there are color schemes for marking zones: a central red circle with a diameter of 1 meter is the center of the carpet, it is inscribed in a large red circle with a diameter of 7 meters with a yellow space - the inner part of the carpet. The refereeing panel consists of three people and determines the outcome of the bout if there is no “touche” during the competition. During the match, the Mat Director, the Referee and the Judge evaluate the actions of the wrestlers and award points.

INTERNATIONAL AND CONTINENTAL SPORTS ASSOCIATIONS	REPRESENTATIVES OF RUSSIA
UNITED WORLD WRESTLING (UWW) The president: Nenad LALOVIC (Serbia) Date of formation: 1905 Number of national federations: 177 Address: Rue du Chateau, 6 - 1804 Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland 41 21 312 84 26 +41 21 323 60 73 [email protected]	Vice President Mamiashvili M.G. Vice President N.A. Yarygina President of the “Sport for All” Commission G.P. Bryusov Member of the refereeing commission Krikov A. Chairman of the Women and Sports Commission N.A. Yarygina Member of the commission for the promotion of Yarygina N.A. Member of the medical commission Dulepova I. Member of the technical commission Mamiashvili M.G. Member of the “Hall of Fame” commission Shakhmuradov Yu.A. Member of the scientific commission Podlivaev B.A. Member of the Bureau Mamiashvili M.G. Member of the “Friends of the Struggle” commission Murtuzaliev O.M. Member of the “Friends of the Struggle” commission Dzasokhov G. Beach wrestling commission member Abarius E.
UNITED WORLD OF WRESTLING - EUROPE (UWW - EUROPE)	First Vice-President G.P. Bryusov

On August 14, the wrestling tournament starts at the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. The Russian team will be represented in all 17 weight categories in which licenses were won. This is the maximum figure among all teams...

GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLING

Up to 59 kg. Ibragim Labazanov is a two-time Russian champion (2015, 2016). Regions - St. Petersburg and Rostov region

Up to 66 kg. Islam-bek Albiev is an Olympic champion (2008), world champion (2009), two-time European champion (2009, 2016), silver medalist of the World Championship (2013), bronze medalist of the European Championship (2012). Regions - Moscow and the Chechen Republic.

Up to 75 kg. Roman Vlasov is an Olympic champion (2012), two-time world champion (2011, 2015), silver medalist of the World Championship (2013), two-time European champion (2012, 2013), bronze medalist of the European Championship (2011). Region - Novosibirsk.

Up to 85 kg. Davit Chakvetadze is the winner of the European Games (2015), two-time champion of Russia (2015, 2016). Region - Moscow and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Up to 98 kg. Islam Magomedov is the winner of the European Games (2015), bronze medalist of the World Championship (2015), two-time champion of Russia (2015, 2016). Regions - Rostov region and the Chechen Republic.

Up to 130 kg. Sergey Semenov - two-time silver medalist of the World Cup (2015, 2016), champion of Russia (2016). Regions - Moscow and Krasnodar region.

FREESTYLE WRESTLING

Up to 57 kg. Viktor Lebedev is a two-time world champion (2010, 2011), bronze medalist of the 2015 World Championship, winner of the 2015 European Games. Regions - Sakha-Yakutia, Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Up to 65 kg. Soslan Ramonov - 2014 world champion, 2015 world bronze medalist. Regions - Moscow region, North Ossetia-Alania. Club - CSKA.

Up to 74 kg. Aniuar Geduev is a three-time European champion (2013, 2014, 2015), bronze medalist at the 2015 World Championships. Regions - Krasnodar Territory and Kabardino-Balkaria. Club - CSKA

Up to 86 kg. Abdulrashid Sadulayev is a two-time world and European champion (2014, 2015). Regions - Moscow, Dagestan.

Up to 97 kg. Anzor Boltukaev is the 2016 European champion, bronze medalist of the 2013 World Championship. Regions - Chechen Republic, Moscow.

Up to 125 kg. Bilyal Makhov is a three-time world champion (2007, 2009, 2010), bronze medalist of the 2012 Olympics, bronze medalist of the 2015 World Championship in freestyle wrestling. In addition, in Greco-Roman style he became a bronze medalist at the 2014 and 2015 World Championships. Represents Dagestan and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Club - CSKA

WOMEN'S WRESTLING

Up to 48 kg. Milana Dadasheva is the 2015 European champion among juniors. Regions - Dagestan.

Up to 58 kg. Valeria Koblova - European champion 2014, silver at the World Championship 2014. Region - Moscow region and St. Petersburg

Up to 63 kg. Inna Trazhukova is a two-time bronze medalist of the European Championships (2011, 2016). Region - Moscow and Ulyanovsk region.

Up to 69 kg. Natalya Vorobyova - 2012 Olympic champion, 2015 world champion, two-time European champion (2013, 2014). Region - St. Petersburg and Moscow region

Up to 75 kg. Ekaterina Bukina - silver medalist of the 2011 World Championships, silver medalist of the 2015 European Games. Region - Moscow and Irkutsk region.

Russian wrestlers at the Olympics must be represented in 16 of 18 weight categories. Women managed to win only five licenses out of six possible, and the men's freestyle wrestling team. The two-time world champion is forced to pay for doping ten years ago, and according to the regulations, it is no longer possible to replace him. Performance is also in question. Ibragim Labazanov.

Freestyle wrestling (men)

Up to 65 kg.

The most prominent representative of the Ossetian wrestling school, the 2014 world champion, is preparing to regain the title of the best wrestler in this weight. Ramonov has been winning since he was 15

at Russian championships and this year he again proved his leadership in this weight. Also this year at the tournament in Minsk he already defeated the current world champion Franco Chamiso. Another principal contender will be his attacker in Las Vegas Ikhtiyor Navruzov from Uzbekistan.

Up to 74 kg. Aniuar Geduev

Geduev ousted the long-time leader in this weight from the lineup Denis Tsargush and once again beat him in the final of the Russian Championship. Geduev has had no equal at the European level for three years, but in the semi-finals of the World Championship, the American wrestling genius Jordan Burrows, who has lost only one major tournament in the last five years, stood in his way. However, Geduev believes that he has learned a lesson from this defeat and now knows how to confront the American.

Chances: gold - 25%, silver - 60%, bronze - 90%

Up to 86 kg. Abdulrashid Saadulaev

Undefeated over the past two years, the best wrestler in the world, regardless of weight category, was exempt from selection at the Russian Championship and struggled a little this season. However, it is still a big problem for the opponents not only to defeat Saadulaev, but to at least take one point from him or not lose early. At the World Championships in Las Vegas, the Asian champion managed to do this Alireza Karimi.

Chances: gold - 80%, silver - 95%, bronze - 99%

Up to 97 kg.

Ramzan Kadyrov’s favorite wrestler walked towards his Olympic dream for a long time and only made it to the national team when he was 30 years old. The key to success was winning the Ivan Grand Prix

It is still a big problem for opponents not only to defeat Saadulaev, but to at least take one point from him or not lose early.

Yarygin in the Russian Championship, where his main opponent Abdusalam Gadisov starred with the entire Dagestan team. The light heavyweight division at the Olympics is traditionally considered Russian, but Boltukaev will have to solve the task that Gadisov failed to cope with a year ago - to defeat the rising American star Kyle Snyder.

Chances: gold - 40%, silver - 75%, bronze - 99%

Up to 125 kg.

The best Russian heavyweight of the last decade may say goodbye to amateur sports after the Olympics and switch to MMA, and before leaving he dreams of winning a medal of greater value than London bronze. Makhov’s most high-profile victories were far behind him, and in recent years he was not allowed to realize his potential by combining styles and strict weight cutting. In Brazil, he decided to focus on freestyle wrestling.

Chances: gold - 30% silver - 70% bronze - 99%

Freestyle wrestling (women)

Up to 48 kg. Milana Dadasheva

21-year-old Dadasheva, who won medals at various junior championships, became the most unexpected member of the Olympic team. At the Russian Championship she confidently defeated the experienced Valentin Islamov. If successful, Dadasheva can give impetus to the development of women's wrestling in Dagestan, where there is still a skeptical attitude towards it, and showdowns on the mat are considered the lot of men.

Chances: bronze - 15%

Up to 58 kg. Valeria Koblova

Koblova missed the World Championships in Las Vegas due to injury, and she had to defend her place in the team against an experienced Natalya Golts. It is unlikely that Koblova will be able to compete for gold with the three-time Olympic champion and invincible Japanese Kaori Ityo, but if everything goes well, she can compete for awards. Four years ago, Valeria was one step away from an Olympic medal.

Chances: silver - 25%, bronze - 50%

Up to 63 kg. Inna Trazhukova

On her way to the Olympic team, Trazhukova had to overcome serious internal competition in the person of a participant in the last world championship Valeria Lazinskaya, Olympic medalist Lyubov Volosova and Anastasia Bratchikova, which won an Olympic license for Russia. However, Trazhukova does not perform so convincingly at international tournaments and only once won bronze at the European Championship.

Chances: bronze - 10%

Up to 69 kg.

According to the coaches, the current Olympic champion Vorobyova is the only real contender for gold in the women's team. The burden of responsibility

According to the coaches, the current Olympic champion Vorobyova is the only real contender for gold in the women's team.

the consequences of injuries and lack of competitive practice will put pressure on her, but Natalya is famous for her ability to gather herself before the main competitions. A year ago, she managed to regain the title of best at the World Championships in Las Vegas.

Chances: gold - 30%, silver - 70%, bronze - 99%

Up to 75 kg. Ekaterina Bukina

Four years ago, Bukina lost the internal selection for the Olympics to Vorobyova, after which she moved to a heavier weight category. Her most significant successes here were silver at the European Games and bronze at the World Championships, and last year Ekaterina lost in the quarterfinals and was left without medals. In the final of the Russian Championship, her main rival Alena Perepelkina Bukina won by fall.

Chances: bronze - 30%

Greco-Roman wrestling

Up to 59 kg. Ibragim Labazanov

A year ago, Russia was left without medals in this weight class. Winner of the European Games Stepan Maryanyan did not live up to expectations and lost in the quarterfinals. At the Russian Championship he was defeated by Labazanov, but the confrontation between the athletes continued at the final training camp, as a result of which Ibrahim finally proved his right to compete at the Olympics, despite the lack of much international experience. .

Chances: gold - 25%, silver - 50%, bronze - 90%

Up to 66 kg. Islambek Albiev

The 2008 Olympic champion experienced a real renaissance this year and successively won the European Championship and the Russian qualifying championship, displacing the World Championship medalist Artyom Surkova. After the main triumph in his career, Albiev experienced problems with weight, a transition to a heavier category and a long search for his former self. He is going to the second Olympics again extremely motivated.

Chances: gold - 30%, silver - 70%, bronze - 99%

Up to 75 kg.

The current Olympic champion Vlasov remains a leader in his weight category four years later. He lost his only final two years ago to a Korean Kim Hyun-woo. Due to an injury, Roman missed the Russian Championship, but with subsequent performances he proved his right to be on the Olympic team.

Chances: gold - 50%, silver - 80%, bronze - 99%

Up to 85 kg. David Chakvetadze

Chakvetadze made it to the national team last year, winning competition from the most experienced Olympic champion Alexey Mishin, but performed on the international stage with varying degrees of success. After winning the European Games, he was left without a medal in Las Vegas. This year in the championship final

In the most prestigious weight category, classical wrestlers have long had problems with personnel, and the heirs of Alexander Karelin are not yet in sight.

He defeated Mishin again in Russia and will fight for a medal in Brazil, but is unlikely to be able to defeat the leader of this weight - the Ukrainian Zhan Belenyuk.

Chances: bronze - 30%

Up to 98 kg. Islam Magomedov

World Cup medalist and European Games winner Magomedov joined the national team at the last moment. The day before the final application was submitted, he won a control bout against the European champion Nikita Melnikov, and before that, at the cost of a broken finger, he won the Russian Championship in Grozny. I would like to believe that Islam still has the strength for the main fights of this year.

Chances: silver - 40%, bronze - 80%

Up to 130 kg. Sergey Semenov

In the most prestigious weight category, classical wrestlers have long had problems with personnel, and the heirs Alexandra Karelina not yet visible. That’s why Bilal Makhov had to do a part-time job a year ago. The new Russian champion Sergei Semenov faces a difficult task to win a medal. He can cope with any opponent, except for the obvious leaders - the Cuban Mihaina Lopez and the Turk Riza Kayaalpa.

Chances - bronze 25%

annotation

The article presents the results of an analysis of the state and prospects for the development of women's freestyle wrestling as a full participant in the international Olympic movement. The main reasons, both positive and negative, that influenced the intensity and depth of this development are considered. An analysis of the achievements of participating countries at the Olympic Games in women's wrestling showed that athletes took part in the last three Olympics in four weight categories, thus competing for 12 sets of medals. A significant superiority of female wrestlers from the Asian continent has been established, especially female athletes from Japan, who already have 7 gold medals to their credit. One of the real ways to further strengthen the Olympic status of women's wrestling is to increase the number of weight categories in competitions for women wrestlers. This will increase the number of participants and medals awarded in accordance with modern trends in the international Olympic movement.

Keywords: women's wrestling, Olympic movement, Olympic Games, medal, participating country, continent, women wrestlers, weight category, development, prospects, Olympic status, achievement.

DOI: 10.5930/issn.1994-4683.2013.09.103.p170-174

FEMALE FREE-STYLE WRESTLING AS A FULL-RIGHT PARTICIPANT OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC MOVEMENT

Boris Ivanovich Tarakanov, the doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor,
Roman Nikolaevich Apoyko, the candidate of pedagogical sciences, professor,
Nikolay Yuryevich Nerobeev, the candidate of pedagogical sciences, senior lecturer, The Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St. Petersburg

Annotation

Results of the analysis of the condition and prospects of development of female free-style wrestling as full-right participant of the international Olympic movement have been presented in article. The main reasons are both of the positive and negative character, affected by the intensity and depth of this development. The analysis of achievements of the Olympic Games female fight participating countries showed that sportswomen took part in three last Olympic Games in four weight categories, having played thus 12 sets of medals. The significant superiority of the female fighters of the Asian continent, especially the sportswomen of Japan having in the asset already 7 gold awards has been established. One of the real ways for the further strengthening of the Olympic status of the female fight is the increase in the number of weight categories in competitions of female fighters. It will allow increasing the number of participants and played medals according to the current trends of the international Olympic movement.

Keywords: female fight, Olympic movement, Olympic Games, medal, participating country, continent, female fighters, weight category, development, prospects, Olympic status, achievement.

The energetic activity of feminist organizations advocating the absolute equality of men and women in all spheres of public life, including sports, has led to the fact that the programs of the Olympic Games include competitions among female athletes in sports that were previously considered absolutely masculine.

These sports also include freestyle wrestling, which FILA has identified as a separate discipline, calling competitions among female athletes women's wrestling. In the 80s-90s of the last century, world and continental championships in women's wrestling began to be held, and in 1997 the IOC decided to include it in the form of demonstration performances at the Games of the XXVII Olympiad (2000). After this, women's freestyle wrestling was included in the programs of the Games of the XXVIII (2004), XXIX (2008) and XXX (2012) Olympiads as a relatively independent discipline. As one of the leaders of FILA Michel Dusson noted, “women’s wrestling will become a sports phenomenon of the 21st century,” probably referring to its acquisition of Olympic status.

However, the very real threat of exclusion of wrestling from the program of the 2020 Olympic Games fully applies to women's wrestling. The presence of such a threat predetermines the need for a more detailed analysis of the formation and development of women's freestyle wrestling as a full participant in the Olympic movement.

First of all, it should be noted that the attitude towards women's wrestling on the part of many specialists and even FILA leaders was, most often, condescending and even dismissive. Most of the leading coaches themselves were highly qualified wrestlers and, due to established gender preferences, could not understand the reasons for women’s motivation for such an initially male sport as wrestling.

Scientists have an even more negative view of women's wrestling. So it was classified as a sport that is absolutely unacceptable in the light of natural and established ideas about the differences between men and women. Medical specialists believe that exercise in strength sports often harms the reproductive system of women.

At the same time, we can definitely believe that the global feminization of sports and the Olympic movement significantly increases women’s opportunities for self-improvement and self-realization, and specialists should take this into account and create highly effective training programs to achieve high sports results with minimal risk to the health of female athletes.

One of the current areas of research into the characteristics of women's freestyle wrestling is to determine the prospects for its development and preservation of Olympic status. In this regard, we have identified the dynamics of the achievements of female wrestlers from various participating countries at the Olympic Games, which are presented in Table. 1.

Table 1

Achievements of participating countries at the Olympic Games in women's wrestling (medal standings)

Participating countries

Total medals

Bulgaria

Azerbaijan

Kazakhstan

Colombia

Mongolia

A detailed analysis of the contents of Table 1 shows that women wrestlers took part in three Olympics in four weight categories, competing for a total of 12 sets of awards. The undisputed leaders of these competitions are Japanese athletes, who won a total of 11 medals, including 7 gold. The achievements of female wrestlers from other countries are much more modest: 2 gold and 2 silver awards for Chinese athletes; 5 medals for Canadian women's wrestlers, including one gold; in fourth place are Russian athletes with 4 medals, including 1 gold; Ukrainian female wrestlers won 1 gold and 1 bronze medal. Notable successes were also achieved by Bulgarian athletes, who won 2 silver medals, US women's wrestlers, who won 1 silver and 3 bronze medals, and Azerbaijani athletes, who won 1 silver and 2 bronze medals. Women wrestlers from Kazakhstan, Colombia and France won 2 bronze medals each, and athletes from Spain, Mongolia and Poland won 1 bronze medal each.

Thus, the number of Olympic medalists included female wrestlers from 14 countries from Europe, Asia, North and South America. To clarify and visualize the data on the distribution of the number of Olympic medalists in women's wrestling from different continents, these data are shown in Fig. 1.

Rice. 1. Ratio of the number of female Olympic medalist wrestlers representing different continents

If we analyze only the ratio of the number of gold medals (Table 1), then the advantage of female wrestlers from Asian countries will be even more significant, even overwhelming. They have 9 gold medals (75%), while European athletes have two gold medals (16.7%), and representatives of the American continent have only one (8.3%). Particularly impressive are the achievements of Japanese women's wrestlers, who won 11 Olympic medals, including 7 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze. In all likelihood, such outstanding successes of Japanese female athletes in freestyle wrestling are explained by national traditions, as well as the ethnic and ethnopsychological characteristics of women in this country, which contribute to the creation of an optimal structure of female athletes’ skills with the possibility of its adequate implementation in conditions of extreme competitive activity.

Thus, the analysis of the dynamics of Olympic awards for female wrestlers from various countries and continents indicates that athletes from 14 countries in Europe, Asia and America became prize-winners of three Olympics. Olympic tournaments in women's wrestling were held only in four weight categories, in the so-called “Olympic scales” (up to 48 kg, up to 54 kg, up to 63 kg, up to 72 kg). Priority in terms of the number of medals belongs to athletes from the Asian continent, although the success of women wrestlers in Europe and America is also very significant, and the level of competition and the range of winners increases with each Olympics.

All this emphasizes the high prospects for the development of women's freestyle wrestling as a full participant in the Olympic movement. In particular, there has long been a need to increase the number of weight categories in women's wrestling competitions at the Olympic Games to six or seven, which will significantly increase the number of medals awarded in accordance with modern trends in the development of the Olympic movement and IOC recommendations. This, in turn, will significantly increase the prestige of women's freestyle wrestling and help overcome the barrier of a condescending attitude towards it on the part of male wrestlers.

LITERATURE

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1. Istyagina-Eliseeva, E.A. (2000), "Female emancipation as a factor of development of the international sports and sports movement of 1860-1920 (historical aspect)", No. 6, pp. 9-12.
2. Kalinina, N.A. (2004), "Diagnostics and prevention of violations of the reproductive system of sportswomen", Theory and practice of physical education, No. 1, pp. 49-51.
3. Melnikova, N. Yu. (1999), "Evolution of the female Olympic program", Theory and practice of physical education, No. 6, pp. 33-36.
4. Myagkova, S.N. (2001), "Female sports during the formation of modern international Olympic movement", Theory and practice of physical education, No. 7, pp. 24-26.
5. Nerobeev, N. Yu. and Tarakanov, B.I. (2012), Theoretical and practical aspects of sports preparation of women in free-style wrestling taking into account sexual dimorphism: monograph, publishing house "Olimp-SPb", St. Petersburg.
6. Platonov, V.N., Bulatova, M.M. and Kosmina, E.S. (2012), "Feminism and program of Olympic Games", Physical culture and health, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 12-19.
7. Radzievsky, A.R. (2004), "The woman in a modern elite sport", Theory and practice of physical education, No. 10, pp. 59.
8. Soboleva, T.S. (1999), "About problems of female sports", Theory and practice of physical education, No. 6, pp. 56-63.
9. Shaakhlina, L.G. (2001), Medico-biological bases of sports training of women, publishing house:Naukova Dumka", Kiev, Ukraine.
10. Dusson, M. (1997), "Interview with Mr. Michel Dusson on the occasion of the European Championship", Wrestling Review, No. 2, pp. 10.