Competition of chants and slogans dedicated to the World Cup in Russia. Football terms and their meaning Captivates, unites, revitalizes

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In football I'm blonde. Straight natural. In 10 years of living with my husband, an ardent football fan, I still haven’t figured out the rules of this game. But now I had to lose my husband for a month because of some kind of “fifa”. I'm not even sure I'm pronouncing the name of this terrible enemy correctly. We can say that life presents us with a harsh choice: either study an unknown football literacy and cheer together, or while away June and half of July in splendid isolation.

To maintain harmonious relationships in the family, I tried to understand the rules of playing football. Sharing with website with his discoveries and insights on how to watch football consciously, with understanding and pleasure. At the end of the article you will find a bonus - phrases with which you can conquer a football fan.

Football is for men. With cubes on the torso

Football is primarily about men. Strong, athletic, with a six-pack torso. Well, and also those men who are going to watch the match. The men are inspiring, but the spectacle is not great. Several times I tried to sit down and watch serious matches - the kind that are called key, but I quickly lost interest and either started scrolling through my social media feed on my phone or simply fell asleep.

It is difficult for me to understand the strong emotions that people experience when watching football. But I want to. To be on the same wavelength with my husband, who, of course, will not miss a single World Cup game, and common hobbies, as psychologists say, bring us closer together.

The rules of the game of football are the best sleeping pills. Immediately after the textbook on strength of materials

I decided to start with the basics - learning the rules of playing football. And she turned to the most voluminous encyclopedia in the world - the Internet. Having found several articles on this topic, I began to read them. My attention constantly slipped and switched, and in the end I simply began to fall asleep to the football rules. It’s almost like I fall asleep listening to real matches. It turns out that football rules are the best sleeping pill for a blonde.

My discoveries

The next day, I involved my husband in my lesson and, while reading the rules, asked him questions about what was not clear to me. Or she recorded her questions on paper, and when her husband came home from work, she asked them. The process became more fun.

I discovered that:

• At the beginning of the game, after the teams have entered the field, the referee asks one of the team captains (most often the visiting team captain) a question: "Heads or tails?" - and tosses a coin. If the captain guesses correctly, he has the right to choose the ball or the goal. This means that he chooses the goal on which the team goalkeeper will stand, or the right to start the game first. It's surprising that I never noticed this before!
• The most difficult part of the football rules for me turned out to be concept of "offside" or offside. My husband explained to me the essence of this situation in a football game 5 times, drawing diagrams on paper. As a result, I finally came to understand that an offside position is when the attacker, at the moment the pass is passed to him, is closer to the opponent’s goal than at least one of the players on the opposing team, not counting the goalkeeper. A goal scored from an offside position is not counted.
• Save- this is the moment when the goalkeeper reflects a shot that could have ended in a goal (from the English word save - “to save”).
• Foul of last resort is a violation of the rules that prevents the opponent from inevitably scoring a goal. For example, cutting or tackling a player who goes one on one with the goalkeeper. Such actions are punishable by a red card.
• And understand the tactics of the game and placement of players on the field It is almost impossible for an unprepared person. There are so many formation schemes that it’s simply mind-boggling!

Football is not just about men. This is an addictive game

Armed with a knowledge of the basic rules of football, I watched the opening match of the World Cup with much more interest than I usually watch football. And she could even maintain a dialogue about what was happening on the field with her husband and his friend. But the most important thing is the strong emotions that you experience while watching the match: disappointment when a key player of our team is injured, joy when the national team scores goal after goal against the opponent. And I will definitely watch the World Cup matches for such emotions!

The main thing I understood is that football is more than just a sport and handsome men. This is a great game, and the World Cup is a great celebration of sports for people all over the world. But, despite these conclusions, at the World Cup my sympathies (in addition to the national team) will be on the side of the Brazilian team, because Neymar is sooooo handsome! And on the side of the Polish national team - their captain Lewandowski is very good-looking, talented and charismatic. (Halfbacks are midfielders.)

Eh, it’s a pity, of course, that Zlatan is present only as a fan. (Zlatan Ibrahimovic is a former captain of the Swedish national team. One of the best players in the world and its environs of all time.)

Oh wow! (Exclaim if Lionel Messi scores a goal with his right foot, because he is left-handed and, as a rule, kicks the goal with his left foot.)

Yes, of course, Bayern and the German national team are far from the same thing. (Speak in case of failure of the German national team, because Bayern is one of the strongest football clubs in the world.)

What a pity that the national teams of Chile and Wales did not make it to the championship this year! We won't be able to enjoy the performances of Arturo Vidal, Alexis Sanchez and Gareth Bale! (These are some of the best players of their national teams and the world.)

Wow! Straight to nine! (The number nine is an imaginary target in a football goal. It is located in the upper left and right corners of the goal. It is almost impossible for a goalkeeper to jump and get the ball from the upper corners, and such goals are considered very spectacular and cool.)

Neymar! Without him, the Brazilian national team would not be the same! (Pronounce without much aspiration, so as not to arouse the jealousy of your loved one.)

Today we can safely answer the question: “What is football?” - This is no other game that can gather so many people in stadiums. In addition, everyone has played this game at least once, perhaps even in their deep youth.

History of appearance

The most ancient mentions of playing with a ball using the feet were found in China. They were created approximately three thousand years ago. This game was called Tsu Chiu. It was used to prepare soldiers for military action. The Greeks also played a similar game. They then called it “the battle for the ball.” It is unclear exactly how it was played. Just like in China, the game was part of the military training of soldiers.

The Romans also had a similar game. It was similar to the Greek one and was called “harpast”. The ancient ones were more like rugby or American football, but certainly not like the modern prototype.

In England, schoolchildren invented a game that is very similar to football in 1840. The very first appeared in 1863. The rules, of course, are different: you cannot grab an opponent, only the goalkeeper can take the ball in your hands, the rudeness with which you could play in those distant years is prohibited.

In addition to these versions, there are many other references to a similar game in the past. Perhaps the most popular ones have been selected.

The first game

The first competitions in this game were held in 1871 on English soil. It was held by the Football Association in England. The Challenge Cup was the main award of that event. The match between the national teams of England and Scotland was held in 1872. It was played in a draw, the teams parted peacefully with a score of 0:0. It was then that a large mass of people learned about

The appearance of the game in Russia

There is no consensus on this issue. But we can say that football appeared in Russia at the end of the nineteenth century. The very first match was played on September 13, 1893 in the cultural capital of Russia, St. Petersburg.

It was then that Russian spectators learned what football is. That match was more of an entertainment and clown show for the spectators than an intense rivalry: the athletes ran in white suits, while the entire field was covered in mud. Due to the slippery surface of the field, they constantly fell and got dirty. All this looked funny and amused the audience.

At the same time, there is information that a similar game was played in Russia back in the days of Archpriest Avvakum in the 16th and 17th centuries. There was even a decree from the king, who in 1648 banned playing the ball game.

Since then, football in Russia has changed a lot and has also gained great popularity. This is the game that millions of children and adults play in every yard.

Modernity

Today, football has become a mass phenomenon. None of the invented games in the world can boast of being as popular. Perhaps everyone in the world knows what football is.

Fans create fan clubs, distribute paraphernalia of their favorite teams, and always go to the matches of their favorites.

There are organizations at the city, regional, national and international levels that hold championships and also popularize this game.

It is also worth considering that the cost of selling and buying modern football players may exceed the budgets of some small countries. This is not a typo; today's top players are valued at tens, and some hundreds, of millions of dollars.

How is football played?

There aren't many rules to follow. On a larger scale, field players cannot play with their hands, must play within the field, and also not show aggression towards other players. The athlete who stands at the goal is called a goalkeeper. He can pick up the ball, but only in the area assigned to him for this. There are also several judges, one chief arbiter, who is located inside the playing space. There are also others who are on the sidelines and help referee the match.

If we consider the principle by which teams are matched, then a draw is carried out first. The football tournament table is formed through random selection. It contains lists of commands by group.

After all teams have played each other within the group, the next stage is played. It is the most spectacular, since there is only one chance to win, and the teams play football until the last. The table at this stage differs from the first option, since the game is played straight through. This stage of football tournaments is called the playoffs. The losing participant is immediately eliminated from the tournament, and only the winners play. This happens until there are two teams left that play for the championship cup among themselves.

You can endlessly describe this game, remember the great achievements and victories of the teams, which evoke pride and symbolize success. One is a great game whose popularity knows no bounds.

IN FOOTBALL WE ARE WORKERS AND PEASANTS. WE NEED TO PLOW AND PLOW

P The successor of the great Yashin in goal for the national team and Dynamo Moscow came to the press bar of Novaya Gazeta two hours after the end of the Russia-Tunisia match, asking us to record this game on a video recorder. Having already settled down at the table, he admitted his obvious mistake. The former goalkeeper, now a businessman, remains true to his principles: precision and reliability. “I scheduled this business meeting ahead of time - and missed. Without looking at the schedule of the World Cup games, as the gatekeepers say, he “let go of a butterfly” (note, to the detriment of himself, but not of his current team. - Ed.) Without hiding his joy from the first victory of our team, Vladimir Pilguy immediately uttered the phrase, which we put in the title. So how far can the “workers and peasants” of the Russian national team go on the football fields of Japan and South Korea? Talk about this over a pint of beer with Pilguy...

At first, I admit, there were certain doubts about the success of our team. Especially against the backdrop of the Russian national team’s performance in the LG Cup. But already somewhere in the middle of the first half it became clear: our team is two heads higher in class.
Valera Karpin looked very good, performing a colossal amount of work. Nikiforov Yura and Viktor Onopko also performed quite well. Romantsev got the replacement right on time - he brought in fresh blood. And the team ran. I was pleasantly surprised by the very young Dmitry Sychev, who essentially scored both goals against the Tunisians.
- How would you evaluate the performance of our team’s goalkeeper Ruslan Nigmatullin?
- Ruslan had very little work to do in that match, so it’s difficult to judge his current capabilities. To be honest, I don’t really like Nigmatullin. Yes, his jumps are good, but if you look at the recordings of his previous matches, there was no need to jump at all. You could pick up the ball from your seat with your arms outstretched.
In general, this is my personal opinion, but the first number of the Russian team should have been Sergei Ovchinnikov. He is a very experienced, reliable goalkeeper, and unlike Ruslan, the current goalkeeper of Lokomotiv did not have a long break in playing practice.
The second number should be Stanislav Cherchesov: despite his age, he is a reliable goalkeeper in not the weakest club in Europe. But the invitation to the national team of Alexander Filimonov is still incomprehensible to me, because for a long time even a non-specialist could see that he had broken down. He broke down in that same ill-fated match with the Ukrainian national team. And now he is being taken to a tournament of the highest level again. Imagine how he feels psychologically...
- In your opinion, why did Romantsev refuse Ovchinnikov’s services?
- I think solely because of personal reasons. The same goes for Rolan Gusev, who could look much more convincing than some of the current national team players. But Romantsev should not be accused of bias. He is the head coach of the team. And he forms the team at his own discretion. After all, it is he who bears responsibility for defeat and reaps the glory for victories.
- What can you say about current goalkeepers in general?
- In my opinion, the class of goalkeepers has decreased. Previously, if you take the USSR championship, any team had at least two great goalkeepers. Even in “Kairat”, for example, two wonderful goalkeepers played - Ordybaev and Pshenichnikov. Yes, there were different ways of playing. Bannikov, for example, or Kavazashvili played for effect. Yashin, Rudakov, Astapovsky, on the contrary, played in a low-key manner. But they were all reliable. And each had its own characteristics. The same Bannikov, by the way, jumped two meters high.
One day we came to a training camp in Sochi. We trained. Meanwhile, the USSR youth athletics team is training. They jump over a bar installed somewhere at the level of 180-190 centimeters. It must be said that they are trying to take this height with difficulty. And as Bannikov walked, tired after training, covered in mud, he easily took this bar and moved on. When the athletes saw this, they simply packed up and left.
Yashin, since he was short-sighted, always shouted to the defenders: “Let the attacker get closer!” He just couldn't see the blows from a distance well.
- By the way, about the peculiarities: all football players are superstitious. Nigmatullin, for example, always prays before matches. Sychov, they say, got a tattoo on his right leg: “Forget it, dear.” How do you feel about this?
- Fine. I myself was very superstitious. I only put on my shoes on my left foot. If the lace breaks, at least don’t go anywhere. By the way, the habits remain - I still start putting on my shoes with my left foot. But this does not mean that the goalkeeper should engage in eccentricities on the field. The goalkeeper has no right to feint at all, as, for example, Chelovert did. Imagine a defender who has miracles happening behind his back. After all, he simply won’t know what to do. Yashin never allowed himself to do this, and that’s why he stood reliably.
A goalkeeper is a team player, but at the same time a lonely one. Yashin, for example, even played for the forwards: the team was in the opposing half of the field, and he was already looking at who took what position. If the ball is taken away from the attacker, then the midfielder must move towards the opponent, providing backup. Yashin rebuilt the entire team. They believed him. After all, the football players were playing, their eyes were sparkling, they were happy to go forward, but it was hard to drag back - they had to be forced. But the goalkeeper is responsible for the missed goal. A thousand times it’s not even your fault, but you missed it – that means that’s it!
- But defenders exist for a reason. Tell me: if you were playing for our national team now, behind whose backs would you feel calmer?
- It's hard to say, watching from the outside. The goalkeeper and the defender must have some kind of invisible connection. I even knew that the player could make a mistake in a certain element of the game. Our defender was Sergei Nikulin. He had a very “valuable” quality: he scored into his own goal at least five times a season. I already knew what to expect from him. One day during the game, the enemy crosses into the penalty area, and Seryoga, with all his might, closes this same cross exactly to the nine. I didn't even have time to react. As I stood, I still stand. And Seryoga indignantly begins to scold me: “Volodya, why aren’t you helping out!”
- In the match with Tunisia, didn’t you think that Yuri Kovtun looked somehow unconvincing? The flank for which he was responsible looked more like a passing yard. Maybe it was worth replacing him with Sennikov?
- I doubt. Still, Sennikov is too young a player. And Kovtun, despite everything, has a very solid experience of performing on the international stage.
- We are meeting a few days before the Japan-Russia match. The outcome of the meeting is difficult to predict. After all, the level of Japanese and Korean football has grown significantly recently...
- Yes, it will be difficult for our team to play against the fast and technical Japanese. Especially under the scorching sun and unimaginable pressure from local fans. But we must win. As for the progress of football in Japan and Korea, this is an absolutely natural result of the state approach to a particular sport. They criticized the Soviet system, but then a lot was done in the field of high sporting achievements. From yard football and competitions of rural teams to the national championship. It was a flow, there was selection. And today, for the fact that a person hits the ball every other time, he is paid unimaginable money and they make a star out of him.
- Hence the statements from our national team about the grass being too high and the ball being too fast?
- The ball is really very fast. It’s a bit difficult for goalkeepers to deal with him. I can’t say anything about tall grass. Let me just note: a high-quality field is always a benefit – or rather, a benefit – to technical football players.
- In your opinion, who will become the champion? The previous guest of our pub, Eduard Mudrik, suggested that one of the eight teams could become him.
- There are significantly fewer applicants. Personally, I really liked the German team. It gives the impression of the same German machine that crushed opponents like a roller in its heyday.
- What about the Russian team?
- Now, if you were told before the World Hockey Championship or even after the qualifying games that Mikhailov’s team would win silver, would you believe it? That's it. So we'll see.

Football(from English foot- sole, ball- ball) is the most popular team sport in the world, in which the goal is to score the ball into the opponent's goal more times than the opposing team can do in a set time. The ball can be kicked into the goal with your feet or any other parts of the body (except hands).

History of the emergence and development of football (briefly)

The exact date of the origin of football is not known, but it is safe to say that the history of football goes back more than one century and has affected many countries. Ball games were popular on all continents, as evidenced by widespread archaeological finds.

In ancient China, there was a game known as "Tsuju", references to which date back to the second century BC. According to FIFA in 2004, it is considered the most ancient of the predecessors of modern football.

In Japan, a similar game was called “Kemari” (in some sources “Kenatt”). The first mention of Kemari occurs in 644 AD. Kemari is still played today at Shinto shrines during festivals.

In Australia, balls were made from rat skins, the bladders of large animals, and twisted hair. Unfortunately, the rules of the game have not been preserved.

In North America there was also an ancestor of football, the game was called "pasuckuakohowog", which means "they gathered to play the ball with their feet." Usually the games took place on the beaches, they tried to kick the ball into a goal about half a mile wide, but the field itself was twice as long. The number of participants in the game reached 1000 people.

Who invented football?

Modern football was invented in England in the 1860s.

Basic rules of football (briefly)

The first rules of the game of football were introduced on December 7, 1863 by the Football Association of England. Today, the rules of football are set by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), which includes FIFA (4 votes), as well as representatives of the English, Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh football associations. The latest edition of the official football rules is dated June 1, 2013 and consists of 17 rules, here is a summary:

• Rule 1: Judge
• Rule 2: Assistant referees
• Rule 3: Duration of the game
• Rule 4: Start and resumption of play
• Rule 5: Ball in and out of play
• Law 6: Definition of a goal
• Law 11: Offside
• Law 12: Player violations and unruly behavior
• Law 13: Penalty and free kicks
• Law 14: Penalty kick
• Law 15: Throwing out the ball
• Law 16: Goal kick
• Law 17: Corner kick

Each football team must consist of a maximum of eleven players (that is how many can be on the field at one time), one of whom is the goalkeeper and he is the only player who is allowed to play with his hands within the penalty area at his goal.

How many players are on the team?

The team consists of 11 players: ten field players and one goalkeeper.

A football match consists of two halves of 45 minutes each. Between halves there is a 15-minute rest break, after which the teams change goals. This is done to ensure that the teams are on an equal footing.

The football game is won by the team that scores the most goals against the opponent.

If the teams finish the match with the same goal score, then a draw is recorded, or two additional halves of 15 minutes are assigned. If extra time ends in a draw, a penalty shoot-out is awarded.

Penalty rules in football

A penalty kick or penalty kick is the most serious penalty in football and is taken from the appropriate mark. When taking a penalty kick, there must be a goalkeeper in the goal.

Taking post-match penalties in football takes place according to the following rules: teams take 5 shots at the opponent’s goal from a distance of 11 meters, all shots must be carried out by different players. If after 5 kicks the score in penalties is equal, then the teams continue to take one pair of penalties until a winner is determined.

Offside in football

A player is considered to be in an offside or offside position if he is closer to the opponent's goal line than the ball and the second-to-last opponent player, including the goalkeeper.

To avoid being offside, players must adhere to the following rules:

• it is prohibited to interfere with the game (touching the ball that was passed to him or that touched a teammate);
• it is forbidden to interfere with an opponent;
• It is prohibited to gain an advantage due to one's position (touching a ball that bounces off a goal post or crossbar or from an opponent).

Handball in football

Football rules allow field players to touch the ball with any part of their body except their hands. For handball, the team is awarded a penalty kick or a penalty kick, which is taken by a player from the opposing team.

The rules of handball in football include two more very important points:

• accidentally hitting the ball in your hand is not a violation of the rules;
• instinctively defending the ball is not a violation of the rules.

Yellow and red cards

Yellow and red cards are signs that the referee shows to players for breaking the rules and unsportsmanlike behavior.

A yellow card is of a warning nature and is given to a player in the following cases:

• for deliberate handball;
• for delaying time;
• for disrupting the attack;
• for a kick before the whistle / leaving the wall (penalty kick);
• for a kick after the whistle;
• for rough play;
• for unsportsmanlike conduct;
• for disputes with the arbitrator;
• for simulation;
• for leaving or entering the game without the permission of the referee.

A red card in football is shown by the referee for particularly serious violations or unsportsmanlike behavior. A player who receives a red card must leave the field for the remainder of the match.

Football field size and marking lines

A standard field for big football is a rectangular area in which the goal lines (end lines) are necessarily shorter than the side lines. Next we will look at the parameters of a football field.

The size of a football field in meters is not clearly regulated, but there are certain boundary indicators. For national-level matches, the standard length of a football field from goal to goal should be between 90-120 meters and a width of 45-90 meters. The area of ​​a football field ranges from 4050 m2 to 10800 m2. For comparison, 1 hectare = 10,000 m2. For international matches, the length of the side lines should not extend beyond the interval of 100-110 meters, and the goal lines beyond the range of 64-75 meters. There are FIFA recommended dimensions for a football field of 105 by 68 meters (area 7140 square meters).

How long is a football field?

The length of the football field from goal to goal should be between 90-120 meters.

The field markings are made with identical lines; the width of the markings should not exceed 12 centimeters (the lines are included in the areas that they limit). The side line or edge of the football field is usually called the “edge”.

Football field markings

• The middle line is the line that divides the field into two equal halves. In the middle of the center line is the center of the field with a diameter of 0.3 meters. The circumference around the center of the field is 9.15 meters. A kick or pass from the center of the field begins both halves of the match, as well as extra time. After each goal scored, the ball is also placed in the center of the field.
• The goal line in football is drawn on the lawn parallel to the crossbar.
• The football goal area is a line drawn at a distance of 5.5 meters from the outside of the goal post. Two strips 5.5 meters long are drawn perpendicular to the goal line, directed deep into the field. Their end points are connected by a line parallel to the goal line.
• Penalty area - from points at a distance of 16.5 m from the inside of each goal post, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn deep into the field. At a distance of 16.5 m these lines are connected by another line parallel to the goal line. A penalty mark is placed in the center of the goal line and at a distance of 11 meters from it; it is marked with a solid circle with a diameter of 0.3 meters. Within the penalty area, the goalkeeper can play with his hands.
• Corner sectors are arcs with a radius of 1 meter centered on the corners of a football field. This line forms a limited area for corner kicks. Flags with a height of at least 1.5 meters and a banner size of 35x45 centimeters are installed in the corners of the field.

The field is marked using lines, the width of which should be the same and not exceed 12 centimeters. The image below shows the layout of a football field.

Football goal

The goal is located exactly in the middle of the goal line. The standard goal size in football is as follows:

• the length or width of the goal in big football is the distance between the vertical posts (bars) - 7.73 meters;
• goal height - distance from the lawn to the crossbar - 2.44 meters.

The diameter of the posts and crossbars should not exceed 12 centimeters. The gates are made of wood or metal and painted white, and also have a cross-sectional shape of a rectangle, ellipse, square or circle.

A soccer goal net must fit the size of the goal and must be durable. It is customary to use football nets of the following size: 2.50 x 7.50 x 1.00 x 2.00 m.

Football field design

The design standard for a football field looks like this:

• Grass lawn.
• Substrate made of sand and crushed stone.
• Heating pipes.
• Drainage pipes.
• Aeration pipes.

The surface for a football field can be natural or artificial. Grass requires additional care, namely watering and fertilizing. The grass surface does not allow more than two games per week. Grass is brought to the field in special rolls of turf. Very often on a football field you can see grass of two colors (striped field), this happens due to the peculiarities of lawn care. When mowing a lawn, the machine first moves in one direction and then in the other, and the grass falls in different directions (multi-directional lawn mowing). This is done for the convenience of determining distances and offsides, as well as for beauty. The height of the grass on a football field is usually 2.5 - 3.5 cm. The maximum speed of the ball in football at the moment is 214 km/h.

Artificial turf for a football field is a carpet made of synthetic material. Each blade of grass is not just a strip of plastic, but a product of complex shape. In order for the artificial turf to be suitable for play, it is covered with a filler of sand and rubber crumbs.

Soccer ball

What kind of ball is used to play football? A professional soccer ball consists of three main components: a tube, a liner and a tire. The chamber is usually made of synthetic butyl or natural latex. The lining is the inner layer between the tire and the tube. The lining directly affects the quality of the ball. The thicker it is, the better the quality of the ball. Typically the lining is made of polyester or compressed cotton. The tire consists of 32 synthetic waterproof pieces, 12 of which are pentagonal in shape, 20 are hexagonal.

Soccer ball size:

• circumference - 68-70 cm;
• weight - no more than 450 g.

The speed of a ball in football reaches 200 km/h.

Football uniform

Mandatory elements of a player's sports football kit are:

• Shirt or T-shirt with sleeves.
• Underpants. If underpants are used, they should be the same color.
• Gaiters.
• Shields. Must be completely covered with gaiters and provide the proper level of protection.
• Boots.

Why do football players need socks?

Gaiters perform a protective function, supporting the leg and protecting against minor injuries. Thanks to them, the shields hold on.

The goalkeeper's football uniform must be different in color from the uniform of other players and referees.

Players may not wear any equipment that could be dangerous to themselves or other players, such as jewelry and wristwatches.

What do football players wear under their shorts?

Underpants are tight-fitting compression panties. The color and length of underpants should not differ from the color and length of panties.

Set pieces in football

• Kickoff kick. The ball is played in football in three cases: at the beginning of the match, at the beginning of the second half and after a goal is scored. All players of the team taking the kick-off must be in their own half of the field, and their opponents must be at least nine meters away from the ball. The player taking the kick-off does not have the right to touch the ball again before other players do so.
• A goal kick and the ball being put into play by the goalkeeper. Putting the ball into play after it has gone beyond the goal line (on the side of the post or over the crossbar), due to the fault of a player of the attacking team.
• Throwing the ball in from the sideline. Made by a field player after the ball has crossed the side line and left the field. The ball must be thrown in from the place where it was “out”. The player making the catch must face the field on or behind the sideline. At the moment of the throw, both feet of the player must touch the ground. The ball is put into play without a signal from the referee.
• Corner kick. Putting the ball into play from the corner sector. This is a penalty for players on the defending team who kick the ball over the goal line.
• Free kick and free kick. Penalty for deliberately touching the ball with your hand or using rough handling against players of the opposing team.
• Eleven meter kick (penalty kick).
• Offside position.

Football refereeing

Referees monitor compliance with the established rules on the football field. For each match, a main referee and two assistants are appointed.

The duties of a judge include:

• Timing of the match.
• Recording match events.
• Ensuring the ball meets the requirements.
• Ensuring that players are equipped as required.
• Ensuring that there are no unauthorized persons on the field.
• Ensuring that injured players are cared for/carried off the field.
• Providing the relevant authorities with a match report, including information on all disciplinary action taken against players and/or team officials, as well as all other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match.

Judge's rights:

• Stop, temporarily interrupt or terminate the match in case of any violation of the rules, outside interference, or injury to players;
• Take action against team officials who behave inappropriately;
• Continue play until the ball is out of play if the player, in his opinion, has received only a minor injury;
• Continue play when the offended team benefits from the advantage (remains in possession of the ball), and penalize the original offense if the intended advantage is not taken advantage of by the team;
• Punish a player for a more serious violation of the Rules in the event that he simultaneously commits more than one violation;
• Act based on the recommendations of your assistants and the reserve judge.

Competitions

Competitions are organized by the federation; each tournament draws up its own regulations, which usually prescribe the composition of participants, the tournament layout, and the rules for determining the winners.

FIFA

National teams

• The World Cup is the main international football competition. The championship is held once every four years; men's national teams of FIFA member countries from all continents can take part in the tournament.
• The Confederations Cup is a football competition among national teams, which is held a year before the World Cup. It is held in the host country of the World Championship. 8 teams take part in the championship: the winners of the continental championships, the winner of the World Championships and the team of the organizing country.
• Olympic Games

• The FIFA Club World Cup is an annual competition between the strongest representatives of the six continental confederations.

UEFA

National teams

• The European Championship is the main competition of national teams under the leadership of UEFA. The championship is held every four years.

• The UEFA Champions League is the most prestigious annual European club football tournament.
• The UEFA Europa League is the second most important tournament for European football clubs belonging to UEFA.
• The UEFA Super Cup is a one-match championship in which the winners of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League of the previous season meet.

CONMEBOL

National teams

• The America's Cup is a championship held under the auspices of CONMEBOL among national teams of countries in the region.

• Copa Libertadores - The cup is named after the historical leaders of the War of Independence of the Spanish colonies in America. It is held among the best clubs in the countries of the region.
• The Copa Sudamericana is the second most important club tournament in South America after the Copa Libertadores.
• The South American Recopa is the equivalent of the continental Super Cup. The tournament involves the winners of the two most important club tournaments - the Copa Libertadores and the Copa Sudamericana of the previous season.

CONCACAF

National teams

• The CONCACAF Gold Cup is a football tournament for the countries of North, Central America and the Caribbean.

• The CONCACAF Champions League is an annual football championship among the best clubs in North and Central America and the Caribbean.

Football structures

The main football body is FIFA (Fédération internationale de football association), located in Zurich, Switzerland. She organizes international tournaments on a global scale.

Continental organizations:

• CONCACAF (Сonfederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football) - football confederation of North and Central America and the Caribbean countries,
• CONMEFBOL (CONfederacion sudaMEricana de FutBOL) - South American Football Confederation,
• UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) is a union of European football associations,

• 14:10 Yura: Tytus, This is the level
  I read it as if I was watching the game again
  You have a talent
• 14:01 Yura: Well, welcome Minamino.
  I hope you bring a lot of benefit to this club
  Blitz-BVB ″...They processed it quickly, well done!...″
  Mark, it’s just that his agent is not Raiola. How he drives Holland back and forth
• 13:53 AXERON: It is necessary, of course, not to spare money, and so on saving over the summer, to spend part of the money on a very good central locking system, for example, like the Coulibaly option. Buying a good forward to compete with Abraham, and he’s young, is hard to play alone the whole season. Buy a good full-back, there is Emerson and Reece James, but both are injured and do not play consistently. There is Alonso, but he is not suitable and will leave in the winter with a 95% probability. We also need to part with such players as Giroud, Batshui, Alonso. Some will say Pedro, but I would leave him until the summer, he is useful on the field and sometimes plays good matches. But Giroud’s time has passed, Batshuia is mediocrity, even with the 3rd coach he can’t show the game, which means it’s not the coaches, but he’s just not up to the task.
• 13:46 AXERON: So why am I all this, now greater opportunities have opened up on the market in the January window than before and you can try to sign top players in January, and they will not be afraid that they will no longer be able to continue playing in the Champions League this season.
• 13:44 AXERON: From this season, UEFA allows players who have played for a club in the Champions League and if they move to another club in the winter, they can now play in the playoffs of the Champions League for another club. And this will have a very good effect on the transfer market. Now the player will be sure that by moving to another club, he will be able to continue playing in this tournament))).
• 13:34 Bogdan Dukhevych: How Arsenal misses him now.. eh
• 13:09 Amadeo: Good [mat]! But not one is worth destroying a family! If there are children, I feel sorry for them most of all.
• 13:08 Tytus: I haven't watched La Liga for a long time. Real Madrid has become much prettier without Krish. Barcelona with Valverde is slowly ceasing to be the team that the Dutch created, and Pep continued. In some parts of the game, Barça reminded me of Arsenal yesterday - the only difference was in the class of the players. Barça's team play against the backdrop of an organized, tactically trained Real Madrid who knew what they were playing at looked, to put it mildly, rather pale. And only when Leo turned on did she resemble her former self. But how long can Messi be a goalscorer and a playmaker at the same time? Suarez????? My God, it was the shadow of Suarez, and if anyone needs Mbapé, it will be Barcelona, ​​not Real. And so that Barça cannot get out of the pressure? I couldn't believe my eyes. For Real, Benzema and Valverde were incomparable, Casemiro burned out the center, Bale butted the Barca defense like a rhinoceros - an old lioness. And yet, one cannot raise one’s hand to write that Barça rebounded. And it should.